A New Glossary of the Dialect of the Huddersfield District (1928) by Walter E. Haigh

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A New Glossary of

THE DIALECT OF THE HUDDERSFIELD DISTRICT

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OXFORD UNIVERSITY P R ESS LONDON: AMEN HOUSE, E.C. 4 EDINBURGH GLASGOW LEIPZIG COPENHAGEN NEW YORK TORONTO MELBOURNE CAPETOWN BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS SHANGHAI HUMPHREY MILFORD PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY

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A New Glossary of THE DIALECT OF THE HUDDERSFIEL D DISTRICT

BY

WALTER E. HAIGH

F. R. Hist. S.

Author of * An Analytical History of England' Taventy-eight years Head of the English & History Department of the Huddersfield Technical College now Emeritus Lecturer in English

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD 1928

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TO THE YOUNG PEOPLE OF THE HUDDERSFIELD DISTRICT AND THEIR TEACHERS IN WHOSE HANDS JOINTLY RESTS THE FUTURE OF OUR DIALECT THIS GLOSSARY IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR-

HIMSELF AN OLD TEACHER

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viii Preface The need for such a work as the present is shown by the fact that not a few of the words and vowel-sounds familiar to the more elderly inhabi- tants of this district are now either obsolete or obsolescent. One of my main objects, therefore, in compiling the Glossary of this district has been to record as many as possible of the dialect-words used in it since at any rate the beginning of last century ; and at the same time to record accurately by phonetic spelling the pronunciation both of these words and of examples of their use in the common speech of the last seventy years. A second object has been to show that the dialect (like others) is not, in either words or speech, the haphazard invention of ignorant country folk in the past, as is often supposed, but is of ancient origin through several generations of regular development, and of as worthy lineage therefore as standard English itself. In carrying out these prime objects I have hoped to be able to offer some helpful contribution towards the elucidation of dialects generally that is now being actively pursued by English and other students of Philology. A final object and, to me as an old teacher, an important one, has been to offer an inducement to readers in general and to young students in particular to take up the interesting work of further research both into this dialect and into the neighbouring ones, a work in which I am naturally most concerned. To such students I can promise, out of my own experience, a little new world of intellectual pleasure and profit. To the above statement of my objects I would like to append an appeal to local patriotism, first through readers of this Glossary, and then through them to the local public generally, to join together in a patriotic effort to preserve the venerable folk-speech which has been handed down to them through many generations of their forefathers. It is as worthy of our care and pride as are our ancient buildings, and more than as intimately useful. - There are various ways in which the effort could be made, but which will be better left for later advocacy. Here I can only advocate one of them, namely the steady encouragement of bilingualism : the practice of dual forms of speech among us. Let us cultivate the modern standard English by all proper means, but let us also practise, as well as encourage, the use of our more intimate ancestral speech in the daily opportunities afforded in our work, our homes, and our friend- ships. I had intended to insert in the Appendix to this volume a comparative Conspectus-Table showing the vowel-sounds of this and the eight neigh- bouring dialects named above. It would have been an interesting additional aid to local readers of South Yorkshire and East Lancashire

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Preface ix

in the practice of bilingualism, and of particular use to teachers in local schools, who often have problems in dialect to deal with. - But it has had regretfully to be omitted owing to the extra cost involved. - It may, if it should be found worth while, be published separately and in fuller form later on. A dialect has not been fully investigated until its vocabulary, its pronunciation and phonology, its grammar, and its local boundaries have been fully ascertained and recorded. With regard to my own dialect, the first and second of these have been done in the present volume. The grammar I have done separately in the rough, but it awaits com- pletion until the present work is out of hand. The exact geographical limits of the dialect require much fuller investigation, which, together with the variations in pronunciation met with in the process, could be more easily and thoroughly made by concerted action among a number of volunteer workers. The Glossary proper contains over 4,000 head-words, not includ- ing words repeated in another spelling, and this number has been supplemented in Part I of the Appendix by 40 more words which were omitted from the Glossary. Part II of the Appendix contains a selected list of some goo words in phonetic spelling to show the dialect pronunciation of their corresponding modern English words. This list also serves to illustrate the fact that our dialect is still a living, vigorously self-assertive form of speech. To over go per cent. of the glossarial head-words have been added brief derivations, the great majority of which will, I think, be found accurate. To the philo- logist many of them will seem superfluous; but to the ordinary reader they will, I hope, be useful both to show that all our dialect words are of good family and breeding, and also to induce, at least in some readers, a greater interest in the ' suttil' pleasures of etymology. The verification and correction of derivations, &c., have been made by reference to the best final authorities to which I could gain access in any way, the great bulk of them indeed to the wonderful, though voluminous, New ZExg/lisé Dictionary. - In such an amount of personal work there are bound to be a number of errors, as well as slips in the phonetic spelling and accent-marking. Moreover, some wrong deriva- tions will doubtless remain unrectified, though to many of the words of uncertain origin I have suggested possible derivations in - the hope of evoking better ones through expert, but I trust friendly, criticism after publication. - In a work of this kind thoughtful ' guesses ' are better than nothing.

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x Preface

A few words remain to be said on two related points. For every head-word as to which I had any doubt about their meaning and form, I have sought and obtained confirmation or correction from elderly people native to the district. From them also I have received many of the ' sayings ' used to illustrate the head-words. - In these and in my own examples given for the same purpose I have often tried to illustrate briefly the manners and customs of local village life in mid-Victorian times as well as the present. Hence the rather frequent allusions in them to fighting, drinking, and other ' pastimes ' now happily become much rarer. In conclusion, I desire to express my gratitude to all those who have helped so largely in bringing this Glossary to its publication. In the first place, I would sincerely thank Professor J. R. R. Tolkien, formerly Pro- fessor in Leeds University, now Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford. Not only has he almost from the first shown his warm approval of the work, and befriended me with ever-ready advice and encouragement throughout, but he has also generously contributed a valuable Foreword to the Glossary. Similarly my thanks are due to Mr. G. H. Cowling, of Leeds University, for much help and advice both privately and as Secretary of the Yorkshire Dialect Society. In the second place, I would very heartily thank all those subscribers to the book whose names are recorded on pp. 163-6, some of whom have each guaranteed several copies, others single ones. I highly appreciate the confidence shown in me by their support, without which the Glossary would not have been printed ; and I hope the 'issue' of it, in both senses, will not disappoint them. Many of them have also given me greatly valued advice and assistance in various ways. Among them I would especially name my old colleagues of the Technical College-Dr. T. W. Woodhead, Mr. S. Brierley, Mr. H. Wilkinson, Mr. A. Fieldhouse, and Mr. W. R. Bower; also Mr. E. Woodhead and the proprietors of the ZZwddersfield Examiner; Mr. T. Smailes and Mr. C. Dalton of Huddersfield ; Mr. Edgar Sykes of Golcar ; and Mr. H. W. Harwood of Halifax. Finally, it is a great pleasure to record the unvarying kindness I have met with locally from a large number of people during my numerous excursions in search of information for the Glossary. Further afield also, in visiting the various districts of the neighbouring dialects in connexion with the Conspectus-Table which, as already stated, has unfortunately had to be withheld from publication at present, I have always received equal kindness. Lack of space pre- vents me from mentioning by name the many gentlemen in those areas

who so willingly gave me very valuable information, but I hereby thank them each and all. W. E. H.

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C O NT ENT S

ForEworp. By Professor J. R. R. ToLKIEN . + A

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER :

A. The Phonetic Spelling of the Dialect Speech B. The Vocabulary 39 99 P C. The Pronunciation _ ,, 33 as

List or AsBBRrEvIATIONS, &c. AIDs TO THE READING OF THE GLOSSARY . THE GLOSSARY .

APPENDIX TO THE GLOSSARY : Part I. Additional Words omitted from the Glossary X Part II. Supplementary List: Dialect Pronunciation of modern English words

List OF SUBSCRIBERS

PAGE Xill

xix

XX XXV

157

160

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FOR EW O R D

OMPILING a glossary, even the most humble word-list, is a long and wearisome labour. Mr. Haigh's Glossary is not a humble word- list, but a rich storehouse of the words and idioms of a specially inter- esting district. - The labour involved in the collection has been very great. I first became acquainted with the manuscript in 1923, when Mr. Haigh had already lavished endless time and care upon it ; almost my only contribution since has been to urge him to go on, and to assure him of the value of his work, not only to local patriotism, but to English philology generally. The special value that I see in this collection is its fullness. Many dialect glossaries, especially of the older type, were selective, not always or solely from necessity, but also often from the antiquarian leanings of the compilers. It cannot be over-emphasized that for the full understand- ing of a dialect not only those words are of value which the compiler thinks old or rare (sometimes mistakenly), or queer, or amusing, or worthy of preservation. Real dialect study requires, if it can get them, all the words used in natural colloquial dialect speech in an area, however new, however common they may seem to be, and whether they exist also in other dialects and in ordinary English or not. is as good dialect, and, in certain directions, as instructive, say, as though the etymologist may look with more affection on the latter. The treatment of the new or more recent words, especially those im- ported from standard English, is the key to the understanding of the shifts of dialect type, the changes, and importations that have gone on in the past-causes which have made of modern dialects (even such a dialect as this one of Huddersfield that lived until recent times in com- parative isolation) a complex web of oldest, old, newer, and very new. One may continually suspect the influence of natural neighbours and of the powerful southern rival, literary English, but without an impartial record of all classes of words and of their variants one cannot hope to trace or understand the processes, even in part. This glossary, at any rate, finds room as far as possible for all types : on the one hand, such words as whose divergence from bottom can only be explained by reference to the remotest periods of English (it is no chance vulgar perversion) ; on the other, such latter- day additions as dawsi&/. In consequence it gives something much

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xiv Foreword

more nearly approaching a true and lively picture of its dialect, and is of much greater value to philologists, than if it had dealt only with those rare or venerable words which are imagined to interest such people specially. For philologists (among other advantages) can here to a certain extent study two important points. First, the per- ception, largely unconscious, by dialect speakers of correspondences between the sounds in their own language and in the same words in ordinary English: the difference between and #me goes back to a distant past, and is the result of a parallel development from a common form (Middle English /me), but it can be transferred to new words such as dazsik/, or even to old words, such as Z, which thus becomes Zaz, a dialectalizing of literary English /e" - Second, he has opportunity of observing the changes in sense that take place when words of more 'learned ' origin are adopted and put to everyday use in dialect (see Regnsil, okshgn, inséns), an important and interesting part of the life of dialect speech. Next to the wealth of single words in the glossary must be accounted the excellence, humour, and idiomatic raciness of its illustrative quo- tations, which bear the mark of the native speaker. Dialect words, however interesting their remoter history may occasionally be, are dead in isolation. They come to life in colloquial instances perhaps even more than they do in the connected texts, of necessarily limited extent, which are sometimes attached to glossaries. They have many opportunities of coming to life in this book. Other purposes, too, are served by examples of use and definitions of meaning. - One impor- tant point, liable to be overlooked, may be cited : careful attention to phrases as well as to words warns the inquirer that archaic words are often preserved only in fixed and traditional expressions (cf. 5702, /é-egs), a desirable thing for him to know. The compiler has not rested content with the labour of recording and illustrating a great number of words. He has added etymologies. This is a difficult business, especially without many books. It is one before which professed etymologists quail (or should); for, apart from the knowledge of Old and Middle English that is necessary, an acquaintance with other modern dialects is required to which few attain, or can attain until there are many more collections of the present sort, in spite of the assistance given by the great volumes of the ZEmg/lisA Dialect Dictionary. The work that Mr. Haigh has done in this direction is his own entirely, and would not, of course, be passed by those captious folk, the pro-

1 Compare, among many other cases, the variants under donmygr, Zoi, blaaid, beens.

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Foreword xv

fessional etymologists, without considerable criticism. - It is inevitably soundest when recording known and accepted etymologies which will not tell the professional anything new. - But the theoretic parts of the book (the etymologies and the tabulated sound-changes) are not primarily intended for the professionals. They should well serve their main purpose, the quickening of the interest of the local patriot ; and they should encourage others who may be drawn to these engaging studies by the example of what can be done, even under difficulties and in spite of the lack of a store of books. Those who know and live in the very places where Mr. Haigh has laboured require no further words of introduction from a friendly foreigner to the district. They may wonder why such a 'foreigner' is interested in their speech. - Even if not a student of dialect generally, he might reply that his attention is at once aroused by this dialect because of the very region to which it belongs-the North-West. This is a region of great interest ; it has been the field of dialectal competition and mingling at a particularly important boundary, the borders of the Northern and the (Western) Midland, and the scene of the swaying fortunes of different types of English since very early times, indeed since ' Anglo-Saxon ' days. Here, later, the development of English acquired an increased interest, if increased complexity also, from the Scandina- vian invasions of the East (Yorkshire and Lincolnshire) and the West (Lancashire). - Many centuries have gone by since men could distinguish the English, Danish, and Norwegian inhabitants of these parts. The words introduced by the invaders, too, have been shaped, like the people, by a later history shared with the older elements, to a common family likeness. But if the genealogist falters, the etymologist can still detect the invader, in spite of his native air, in numerous cases. This dialect is full of Scandinavian words, some rare, some found in many other places. - Zarz has been driven from the district and Scandinavian addle (zd?) alone remains. This instance is not peculiar to Hudders- field or even to Yorkshire. It is found in dialect from Leicester to Northumberland. It first appears in writing (as add/exz) in the mulum, written in the East of England by one Orm, an Augustinian canon (with a Scandinavian name), probably about a. D. 1200. In the same book appears add/ing, earning, merit, which survives in Mr. Haigh's glossary in x@/izz. This may serve as an example of the interest, and already venerable antiquity, of the Scandinavian element in the Northerly dialects. (G@zZ and whether alive in speech or preserved in place- names, may be cited as examples of words which it is possible to refer c

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xvi Foreword

definitely to Norwegians, not to Danes. The study of Scandinavian influence upon English as a whole is indeed greatly assisted by works such as the present, in which its results, even after so many centuries, can still be studied in little. Again, the North-West became later, in the fourteenth century, the centre of a revival of writings in vernacular speech, of which the most interesting examples preserved are poems in an alliterative metre descended from the old verse of Anglo-Saxon times, though clothed in a language now difficult to read because of its strong Scandinavian element and its many other peculiar and obscure dialectal words. These texts do not all come from the same part of the North-West, and where each was written is still in debate, but their connexion with the modern dialects, of which that of Huddersfield is an interesting example, is immediately apparent to any one glancing at this glossary. Indeed, such books as this one sometimes throw valuable light on the meanings or forms of words in these old poems, such poems as the romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the beautiful elegiac sermon known as 7Ze Pearl, the long fragments of the Wars of Alexander. - To the student of these it is only necessary to point, among many, to such words as 506, botkem, d/isemmi, dloppen, elder, gredli, gruch, kar®), kwest, nobbgt, oss, toppin. In the more technical department of phonology (sounds and forms) the vowels in dprz, do, kuss, rust, ull, ronk (beside renk) loin, likker (adj.), and the con- sonants in xs, /e/%, fous, kit, druft, sluff, wishin, wik, thre are all sig- nificant to such a student, and the variations recorded here between ef and z (high), and Zeng, /png (long) are specially notable. It may perhaps be of interest to mention one small point further wherein the apparently careless vagaries of dialect are shown to be at any rate ancient, and in their turn assist the student of now archaic texts. In the manuscript of Sir Gawain there is frequent confusion between e and 0, and for this reason an editor might well be tempted to alter the spellings [uck, fof which occur in it to #262, /e/ (which also occur). But the occurrence in this modern dialect, side by side, of fv6Z, #07, feck, fet, should give him pause, even if there were no other evidence for foc elsewhere. In accidence the student of Middle English will also discover points of interest, of which perhaps the most striking is the occurrence of both the Midland -#, and the Northern -s as the plural ending in the present indicative of verbs. It might indeed be worth while to examine Middle English texts which show a similar variation in order to discover whether there are any traces so far back of the interesting distinction in use now

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Foreword xvii

regularly observed in this dialect, whereby -# appears after pronouns (we non), but -s after nouns (¢¥' men noz). The Middle English writings referred to are at once interesting and difficult in language for the very reason that has enabled the modern dialects to preserve so many individual features : they come from regions as far removed as is possible within the limits of England from the South-East, and they combine many of the divergences of the West and of the North from the South-Easterly dialect that became our literary language. But in the Huddersfield dialect we seem to have a form of language conservative even amongst its neighbours, a dialect spoken in places until recently out of the main way of such traffic as there was in these once sparsely inhabited regions, and south of the line that led from Sheffield to Wakefield, Halifax, the Calder valley, and Lancashire. - That the breaking down of this isolation has in the recent past had considerable effect, and still is rapidly modifying the dialect, seems plain from this book. Mr. Haigh's work is none too soon. If it could have been done a hundred or even fifty years ago many treasures would have been saved. None the less, in spite of its position, this dialect long ago received its share of the French elements found in Middle English. Much of this it still preserves in an archaic form, or one different from that which has been fixed in the South,. - The preservation of Anglo-French and Middle English in the derived forms on, on (domjer, dons, dons) is a case in point. The amusing entry under »x/ (zon?) may be noted both in this connexion and as a good illustration of the reaction of literary and dialectal English in an area still possessing a very individual local form of speech. - Though £25 zont Sally may now seem homely and less polite, in the fourteenth century a courtly poet allows a noble lord to beg Sir Gawain, the most courteous knight of Arthur's table, to return to his house where Morgan le Fay is living, with the words therefore I ethe (implore) the . . . to come to thy naunt? The homely survivals in dialect are often of ancient lineage, and not the chance mutilations of literary English by the unlettered. Even such a word as /xzzbo/, which seems trivial enough and selfexplana- tory, may prove to have a long ancestry, and once to have had a more startling sense than is now realized. The probable ancestor

1 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 2467-a poem probably written to the west of Huddersfield. - Gzai/kely and grucchke, for instance, are common in it, words which

as grédit, gruckh may be noted in this book as touching only the western end of the area dealt with.

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xviii Foreword

of this word appears early in the thirteenth century in a Northern poem (C«rsor Mundi) in the description of the stinking sea and foul desolation left by the destruction of Sodom and Gomorra :

Thar-by growes sum apell-tre Wit appuls selcut' fair to se, Quen thai ar in hand, als a fisebal To poudir wit a stink thai fal.

Not only the words, but the sounds of a dialect, liable to be thought merely uncouth and illiterate, have an interest even for the outsider, though he may have difficulty with them unless trained in phonetics and able to live in the actual district. But even from a book instruc- tion is to be derived. The Huddersfield man who observes that in very many cases the Southern at, aw (/me, fown) appear in his dialect as az, ez, may be interested to observe that a close parallel with this correspondence exists in Anglo-Saxon. - There an older az, az (preserved for instance in ancient Gothic s#diws, snow, and »dui/ks, red) become a, éa (snaw, réad). The pronunciation of Anglo-Saxon &, Za was in all probability very similar indeed to the sounds that Mr. Haigh has represented by @#, ee. The philologist will note that we have in Huddersfield a curious and divergent treatment of older diphthongs at, au which is very similar in results (and was probably similar in process) to the development in Anglo-Saxon, a development which is one of that language's most individual characteristics, and one whose process is not fully understood. History repeats itself, even in language, with variations. And now the 'friendly foreigner' cannot better close his wandering remarks than by congratulating Huddersfield on the possession at once of an enthusiast such as the author of this book, and of generous supporters without whose assistance publication would not have been possible and much labour and valuable material would have been lost. Let others note.

J. R. R. TorKkiEn.

1 strangely.

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INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER: THE DIALECT SPEECH

A. Its Spelling; B. Its Vocabulary ; C. Its Pronunciation and Phonology. A. THE SPELLING OF THE DIALECT SPEECH.

O register the dialect pronunciation accurately I have adopted a phonetic scheme of spelling based on that in Wright's Grammar of the Windhill Dialect, with several modifications intended to make the reading of it less difficult. To the reader accustomed to phonetic spelling the scheme will present no difficulties. To the reader familiar only with the customary methods of spelling employed by writers in dialect, I have to plead the excuse that some such system is quite necessary, both for the sake of accuracy itself and for the furtherance of dialect study. I would therefore urge those readers to whom the spelling may seem somewhat difficult, to practise the habit-useful in many ways-of the pronunciation of words into their com- ponent sounds, and then to make use of the ' Aids? given on page 2, so far as may be needed to overcome the difficulty. I. Dialect Vowel-sounds and their Symbols. In the pronuncia- tion of our dialect there are twenty-four vowel-sounds : six Zong sing/e sounds and seven sZo#f ones, together with eleven dZowb/e sounds or diphthongs. The arrangement following exhibits their respective letter- symbols, and also their pronunciation in that of the vowe/s of the modern words placed under them.

(1) The thirteen single-vowel! sounds : 1. Zong: &, au, 6, i, 6, u far form mate see note brute (= broot). Note that the sounds of € and 6 are quite Zeve/, without final ' uplift '. 2. Short: ®, e, e, i, 0, o, u glad pen her bit not oil put (11) TZe eleven double-vowe! sounds or diphthongs : seu, -e0, eli, Qu, ig, iu, Og, Oli, ou, u0, - ui (g +u) bear rein (@+u) pier few boar boil (u+e) ruin

Note that in the diphthongs eg, ig, 0g, ue and often ui, the sound of each vowel is between long and short, that is 2¢/f-/ong. All the other diphthongs are exact combinations of their component short vowels.

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xx The Hudderspeld Dialect

II. The Consonants used are the same as those in Standard English with the following exceptions : 1. There is no initial h (long disused): e.g. send hand, igl heal. 2. No q: qu = kw: e.g. kwier queer. 8. No c except in ch; hard c= k, soft c= s: e.g. chons chance, kok cake. 4. Only hard g is used : e.g. got gate ; soft g and dg = J: e.g. jinjer ginger, juj judge. 5. Only sharp s used, soft s =z: e. g. sosqrz saucers, ees house, eezez houses. 6. Only initial y used : e.g. yefti hefty, yep heap. Note 1. The omission of consonants from words, common in dialect speech, is

denoted by an apostrophe = ('). Thus the sentence : 'Get out of the way' is written in dialect form ® Get eet e' t' we (or get).'

An Alternative Spelling-scheme in ordinary type. As the use of the above letter-symbols is unsuited both for ordinary dialect-writing and for printing it, and as some #xzfor»: system of spelling is a great desideratum for these purposes, I venture to suggest the following substitutes for the symbols, iz ordinary type. They are fairly accurate and consistent so far as they go. If deemed desirable they could be used either in their entirety or, if preferable, as a basis for some similar system for general adoption. The minor distinctions between the sounds of a and x, e and ¢, 0, 9 and initial would have to be ignored in any substitute system ; but this would be of little consequence in comparison with the great gain in uniformity. (i) Single Vowels: glossary-symbols first in black type, their sub- stitutes following each in ordinary type : 1. Zong: & ah ; au au; é ai, ay & (orand)a ... e (medial) ; Tee; 6 ow & (or and) o ... e (medial) ; u 00. 2. Short: a, m a; e, ge; ii; q 0; u u. (ii) DipAthongs: 1. su (medial always) sew or aw; ee ae or aa; eu eu; ig ie or eea ; og oe; ue ue or ooe ; ui ui or ool. 2. ei, iu, oi, ou to be unaltered. (iii) : all the ordinary ones except-#o inifial A:; sub- stituted by an apostrophe. Also, if preferred, no q, and soft ce = s. (See above).

N.B. The above scheme for ordinary-type usage would also, I think, be fitted to spell all the other South Yorkshire dialects as well as those of East Lancashire.

B. THE VOCABULARY OF THE DIALECT. Any critical review of the Glossary as a whole must, of course, be left to competent students and reviewers after its publication ; but a com- mentary upon the chief features of the Glossary proper may be useful to general readers, who, I trust, will thus be enabled to find many half- hours of interest as well as of amusement in its pages, when once they

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Itis Vocabulary xxi have, as I would again urge them to, become familiar with its spelling and arrangement. The Vocabulary. Of the total head-words to which etymologies have been given in the Glossary and the Appendix (Part I), a rough calculation shows some fifty per cent. to be of Old English origin, over twenty-five per cent. to be Scandinavian (ON.), about twenty per cent. of Old French origin, only about one per cent. Keltic, and a few words from each of various other sources. The proportions of OE. and ON. are uncertain, because of the fact that many of the dialect-words have apparent roots so much alike in both those languages that it is difficult to say from which of the two possible sources they have been derived. Having regard, however, to the fact that South Yorkshire is within a region of the country which was very largely in the hands of Scan- dinavians after the ninth century, it would seem justifiable to ascribe many instances of such words to ON., though I have done so in only a few cases. The vocabulary may, for the present purpose, be divided into two classes-those words which are used in a grammatical sense, and those not so used. The former kind may more conveniently be dealt with first. (i) Grammatical Words and Forms. These are, with compara- tively few ON. exceptions, of OE. origin. An examination of the glossarial head-words and their illustrative examples will reveal many noteworthy peculiarities, not confined, however, to this dialect. They differ, in some instances greatly, from the usage of modern standard English, yet they were once in correct use in the older stages of English. Discussion of them pertains to a grammar of the dialect rather than to a glossary, yet some of the more striking features may be cited here, with a few examples of each quoted for reference to the Glossary : (1) Tze old plural nouns childer, in, shuin, tuin, and the obsolescent plural pronoun-suffix -seln or -sen ; (2) the dowble plurals bellisegs, gsellesoz, and the suffix -selnz or -senz ; (3) the Possessive pronouns it (= its), uz (= our). (4) Among verbs, we have retained from OE. or ME. many strong past tenses and past participles, e. g. those of brust, get, find, kum, neid, shsk, sting, tlim ; and cp. si and weer. (5) We have also retained in almost invariable use two ME. verbal suffixes : the present tense plural-endings -(e)n, and -(e)s. The former was a characteristic of the Mid/and dialect of ME. (see Chaucer passim), and the latter of the Norfker» dialect of ME., our part of South Yorkshire being on the border-line between the two dialects named. It is prob- able that this dialect is the most northerly of those still using the

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xxii The Hudderspeld Dialect

suffix -(e)n. - Curiously, it is used only with a pronoun for its nomina- tive case, while -(e)s is used only with a substantive. Numerous examples of both suffixes will be found throughout the Glossary. (6) Belonging to other parts of speech retained are : nar, ner, etsefter, on (= of), &h, &e. Of Scandinavian words pertaining to the grammar we have retained a comparatively small number. Such are: bueth, war, wor (p.t. sing. and plur. of the verb #0 5e), mun, spn, et (see Appendix, Pt. 1), yu, and some others. (11) Non-grammatical Words. These, of course, form the bulk of the glossarial head-words, among them being many from additional sources, Old French and others. The proportions of words derived from OE., ON., and OFr. have been already stated. But if we consider only the strictly dialectal words not in general use in standard English, the percentage of ON. will, I think, be higher. 1. Scandinavian Words, The reasons for this high proportion of ON. words are uncertain ; but if an investigation were made into the dis- persal of the population of central Yorkshire after William the Conqueror made his terrible devastation of that region in 1069, it would, I think, be found that numbers of them, largely Scandinavian, fled to the shelter of the foot-hills and valleys of the SW. Riding, then covered with forest or ' shrub and thinly populated, and there made clearings (royds ?) on which they settled in small farms. The number of place- names containing zoyZ still existing in the W. Riding is remarkable: within and close to the Huddersfield borough alone there are nearer thirty than twenty. Moreover, out of over 250 words in the Glossary and Appendix, Part I, connected with farms and farming, some fifty-five per cent. are, I believe, Scandinavian, as compared with about thirty per cent. of OE. and fifteen per cent. of OFr. (introduced after the N. Conquest). If only the essentially 'technical' farm-words are con- sidered, a considerably higher proportion is of ON. origin. These figures seem to point to the conclusion that farming hereabouts was practically initiated by Scandinavians. Many other ON. words, too, are quite as intimately connected with ordinary every-day life as are similar OE. words. Considerations of space prevent the citation of many examples, but a few from the Glossary proper are: (1) Farm-words- braendrith, buin, diern, kop, kush, léth, mistl, muk, sgg, gierz, garth, ing, intek, reinz, and see Appendix I also. (2) Every-day words-aeddl, sesk, beggin, been, bensil, dill, elder, erpl, faul (2), flit, gen, kek, Issh (2), lark (2), meel, meet, nier (2), uggend, tlivver, thrumz, &c.

Page 23

Itis Vocabulary xxiii

2. Words of Old French origin. With regard to our words and pro- nunciation of OF, origin, we have a good many examples of the former and, unless I am much mistaken, an unusually large number of the latter. Any explanation which can be offered of these facts will have to refer, it seems to me, not only to the greater isolation of this area in the past, but more especially to the Norman-French occupation of the old fortified early English post of Castle Hill, which overlooks most of the Huddersfield basin. This outstanding feature of the landscape was undoubtedly occupied either by Ilibert de Lacy (the Norman lord to whom William I granted the local manors around the Hill along with many others in the W. Riding), or by his immediate descendants. As an outpost from Pontefract (Pomfrit) it would enable them to dominate a wild region then very difficult to control. Generations of stewards or other lieutenants and their various grades of henchmen would be settled there and around, some intermarrying with the local natives, and their Norman-French speech would considerably influence that of the locality. An examination of the Glossary shows some such special influence clearly. (1) Among many OFr. words will be found : wrrin, beel, bré, bulli, dorm, dubbler, fruzz, kel (1) and (2), liter, lond, mimo, mons, peil, poiz, posnit, trouler, uss!, and usslment. (2) Still more is NFr. influence noticeable in the approximately French pronunciation yet lingering in such dialect words as: Biemend, bruil, bom, chomber, chonsil, donjer, monjer, dons, fevver, Frons, kosi, kréter, gizer, gontlit, gronj, stronjer, sonder, triekl, tronz, and many more. So far as I can gather, scarcely any of these old pronunciations are now to be found in the neighbour- ing dialects. 3. Glossarial Words of Old English origin. Of the sparse population which inhabited the SW. Riding in the period of its history we can little more than surmise. Probably it was chiefly Anglian with a mingling of Scandinavians and some Kelts, The last- named would be relics of the Keltic kingdom of Loidis ; but they seem soon either to have disappeared entirely or to have become so completely Anglicized that of their influence upon our dialect few, almost no, traces can now be found therein. The Scandinavian influence, especially when reinforced by the Conqueror's dispersal mentioned above, is very evident, as also is that of the later Norman-French. It remains true, nevertheless, that the major portion of our dialect is derived from OE. sources. This fact is plentifully illustrated in the many and various groups of OE. words in the next section (p. xxv) on the Pronunciation of the dialect, and need not be further exemplified here. It remains to d

Page 24

xxiv The Huddersfheld Dialect

quote a few examples of words grouped together according to certain kindred characteristics, and to suggest that the reader might find it interesting to supplement them by examining the Glossary and noting down any other words or phrases of similar kinds.

(1) A few words are possibly from oldest English roots, as: lollek, teu, tig, uz. Also a few others, now almost obsolete, retained their old final aspirate down to recent times, as : koh, peh, inuh, iniuh, laih, toh, troh, woh, and wohil, all of which (except the last) I used to hear frequently as a boy ; the last three I have heard quite recently. (2) Of contractions in words and phrases one finds, and may expect to find, very many, since all dialects are essentially spoken, and not written, forms of language. Examples are: ah't, beet, eim, eleim, seim, steim, tim, euzinz, fored, nengkit, naut, nuppit, nubdi, nunkl, opni, sumdi, tuethri, warti, and s', s'l, st (for s¥aZ¥). (3) Compound words, too, are very numerous, and are the more interesting when the force of their component parts is seen from the Glossary. Examples are: baek-breid or baek-spittl, bit-nid, gizaurn, geterdz, forwaunder, keéter-e-frem, keter-e-wohil, snik-snelz, th'ill-upe-war, and many more which will be found among the figures of speech (below). (i111) Figures of Speech. A long list of metaphorical expressions, similes, and descriptive terms might be drawn up from the large number of familiar sayings or 'speiks' in common use in the dialect. Such a list would exhibit the very considerable capacity for imagery which undoubtedly exists in both the local people and their dialect-and the statement would apply equally well to the people of the neighbouring districts and their dialects. It was my intention to include such a list in the Appendix, but lack of space precludes the intention being carried out. - Many specimens will, however, be found scattered in fair abun- dance over the pages of the Glossary among the head-words and their illustrative examples. A few are quoted here in abbreviated form :

1. Metaphorical expressions. (See Glossary for head-words in heavy type) : te &' t' bonnit en' shol on ; te kip t' bend i' t' nik ; te buer wi' e smol wimbl ; te mek nother ses ner kouks on it ; te »v iz kok bekt ; te » te lik e lien thaubl ; te x' bin woern e' t' warti, &c. 2. Similes or Expressions of Comparison. These are chiefly, and naturally, confined to local ' material' in their allusions ; but there is a wide variety of them, all apt and graphic, and often drily humorous ; e.g. ez bliu ez e gizaurn ; ez brezend ez e tom-kzet ; ez dark ez Ummer ; ez drunk ez e wil-baerre wi' e los torl ; ez eim ez e broid ; ez

Page 25

Its Vocabulary xxv thik ez t' gouk en' t' titlinz ; te swiet lauk e brok ; te stink war ner e pou(l)kst, &c. 3. Descriptive Terms will be found on nearly every page of the Glossary. They are all figurative in various ways, some of them strikingly so. Many are pwre/y descriptive, as winter-ej, meit-wol; snik-snelz, giddl-gzeddl, &c. - But village people are very prone to criticize each other openly, bluntly, and often disparagingly, and the dialect is especially rich in terms expressive of such criticism-nicknames, terms of abuse, derision, contempt, anger, &c., but few of admiration and praise. Examples at random are: audl-bxzk, baend-end, feel-stik, beet- wit, bom-stik, skau-péler, gridi-greet, okshen, taulob, of-rokt-en ; lolleker, nuezi-pauker ; twaeng-tues, silli-billi, for-waunder, nopinz, wakki, nunkit, strzekl-bréenz, &c.

C. THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE DIALECT SPEECH.

The following attempt to exhibit the relationship of the present vowel- sounds of this dialect with the corresponding vowel-sounds of OE. is primarily intended to show the general reader that dialect-pronwnca- tion is as much a matter of regular development from sources of long ago as are dialect-words, and that it is, therefore, equally worthy both of respect and of interest in its preservation. - If, also, the exhibition should prove of service to philologists I shall be gratified. Owing, again, to lack of space the arrangement of the display has had to be much contracted, and the same cause has prevented the insertion either of any intermediate ME. stage of development or of more than a small selection of illustrative dialect-words of OE. origin. In most cases many more examples will be found in the Glossary.

Notes : 1. The OE. vowels are I, Single Vowels; II, Diphthongs. 2, For the OE. originals of all cited dialect-words see the Glossary. 3, Gl = Glossary ; usu. = usually ; > = has (or have) become.

I. OE. Single Vowels > Huddersfield District Dialect-Vowels as follows :' i. OE. 8 ; &. 1. (1) a >ue usually, as in buen, buet-lued, ruep, sueri, &c. (2) Initial &, ha >ue> wo often, as in won, wots, wol, wom, wot ; but ug remains in uef, ugli, ueri, ueth, and a few others. (See GI.) (3) a > & in ks, sellidi, brsed, resh, spat], &c. (4) ag, ah > ou in ou, oun, out (1) ; but >o in no (2), so (2).

* For guidance in the arrangement of this Section I am much indebted to Wright's Grammar of the Dialect.

Page 26

xxvi The Hudderspeld Dialect (5) aw > 6 in blo (1), no (1), sno, so (1); but > ou in out (2), nout, soul. 2. (1) & > & usu., as in znd, (mon), sattl ; but > e in wesh, fesn. (2) & > 6 in bek, bed, reéther, wed, &c. (3) 6 in bok (buek). i1. OFE. ®; &. I. (1) & > ie usu., as in dried, iel, miel, sie, spried, thier, &c. (2) & > ei in bleich, kei, lein (lien), teich, &c. (3) & > i in ivver, nivver. (4) #hw > 06 in other, nother. 2. (1) & remains se usu., as in belli (OE. dzx/g), fxther, wat, watter, &c. (2) & > 6 in de, fen, nel, &c.; and > g in gers. i111. OE. 6, 6. I. (1) 6 (umlaut of 0) > ig later > 1, as in blied > blid, diem > dim, fit, ied id, kigp kip, siek sik, swiep swip, swietn switn, tieth tith, &c. (2) 6 > iI in 1(=he), mi, thi, wi, wil (=well). (3) 6h > ei in ei (1), nei (see vii. 1 (2) below). 2. (1) 6 > ei usu., as in breik, beid, eit, meil, neid, steil (1) and (2), eim (2), eleim, seim (2), steim, &c. (2) 6h > ei in reit, streit. (3) 6 > ie in stied, estied. iv. OE. 1, 1 ; y, y. I. (1) i > &u usu., as in aud!, aus, baud, maun, taum, waur, &c. (2) 1 > I in ti, lik (in the phrase 'ez lik ez). (3) iw > iu in spiu, Tiuzdi. 2. (1) i remains i usu., as in bit, kit (2), middlin, riddl, sing, &c. Note. In the older forms bind, find, grind, mind, wind, 1 > &u, as baund, faund, &c. (2) ig > I in sti(1) and (2), stil, 1 (<=ON. ?). (3) Tht > it in brit, lit, mit, nit, rit (and reit), sit. 3. y > au in aud (1) and (2), aur, dauyv, drau, faur, &c. 4. (1) y > i in diddl, ig, mij, miln, pinder, rig, &c. (2) y > u in brussl, kruppl, kuss. (3) yht > it in flit, frit, rit (2). (4) y1d > ild in bild, gild. (5) yr > or in forst, kornil, stor, worrem, work, wort, &c.

Page 27

Itis Pronunciation xxvii v. OE. 06, 8. I. (1) 6 > ui usu., as in bluid, buis, guis, kuil, spuin, tuith, &c. (2) 6 > u in biuk, luk, du, gum, kum, bu (bee), buzem. (3) > u in dun, dluy, sluf (2). (4) > eg in dlee (dlou), dleem. (5) or > uer in muer (2) (ON. ?). (6) ow > ou in flou, blou (1), dlou (dlee), grou, &c. 2. (1) 8 > oi usu. in originally open syllables, as in foil, goit, koil, koit, loin, loiz, noit, oil, soil, thoil, throit, &c. Note. Neatly all these have an older form in ui, as guit, kuit, luin, luiz, nuit, suil, thuil, thruit, &c. (2) 8 remains o in bothm, brokkn, frozzn, oppn, spokkn, &c. (3) 4 > 9 in dog, fog, frog, spor (1), word, world, &c. (4) 4 > u in uyyn (> um), shuvvil (> shuil, shal). (5) 6 > ug in fluct, nuez, pugek, puest, stuev, uep (> wop), &c. (6) dr > uer in bifuer, buerd, buern (boern), kuern (koern), smuer, uerd, uern, &c. (7) dht > out in bout, brout, fout, sout, thout, &c. (8) 81 > oul in boul, bou(l)ster, foud, fouk (fugek), goud, kouk, stou(l)n, &c. vi. OE. u, u. 1. (1) ui > eg usu., as in bee (vb. to bow), bree, deen, drect, feel (1), kee, reem, seeth, theem, &c. Note. In most of such dialect-words Aaving »o initial consonant a y has become prefixed as ee ~> yee; ees > yees ; eer > yeer (yar), &c. (2) u > ui in druft, ruf, shuv, sup. 2. (1) i remains u usu., as in bull, but, kum, luv, uvver, &c. (2) ii remains u also in pund (Ib.) and in p.p.'s bun, fun, grun, wun. i > ee in eend (yeend), greend (earth), peend (£) seend, &c. (3) ig > eg in feel (2), see (seu, siu). (4) i > u in ebin, pull, shulder, shal, wal (al). (5) ur > or in dor (duer), dorst, skorf, torf, torn. (6) ur > uer in duer, muern.

II. OFE. Diphthongs > Dialect-Vowels as follows : vii. OE. 6a, 6a. 1. (1) éa@a > ig usu., as in biem, bried, chiep (chep), flie, griet (gret), stiep, tlies, &c.

Page 28

xxviii The H uddersfield Dialect

Note. In such words kaving o initial consonant io > ye, as in ied > yed, iefer > yeffer, iep > yep, lester > Yester, &c. (2) 6a > ig (obsolete) > i in i (1) and (3), ni (nei). (See iii. 1 (3).) (3) éaw > gu in deu, gu, feu, sheu, teu; but > 5 in ro (1). 2. (1) éa > ig in bierd ; but > 6 in él (ale). (2) éah > ei in eight. Also éah > ei in eit (2). (3) éal (= northern al) > 6(1) in fol, gol, kof, of, 61 (2) and (3), pom (1), sov, stol, wok, &c. (4) éald (= northern ald) > oud in bou(l}d, fouk (fuek), koud, oud (1) and (2), &c. (5) éar + consonant > eer in beern eerm (1) and (2), weerd, weerm, yeerd (yerd), yeern (yern (1)), &c. Note, The eer is tending to ar. viii. OE. 60, 60.

1. (1) éo > ig usu., as in briest, diep, dier, drieri, fiend, friend, and (2), li (2), flies, fliet, friez, igp > yep (2), kriep, lief (2), riek, sieth, thief, tliev, wiel, &c. Note. In nearly all, the ie tends to, or has, become i or e. (2) 60 > i in divvl, sik. (3) éow > eu in bleu, greu (p. t.), cheu, dreuz, seu, treu (triu). (4) éow > ou in fouer, fouertin, fouert ; dx? forti. 2. (1) 60 > ei in eleim, seim (2). (2) gor > eer in beerkem > barkem, eert > yeert (art), keerv, steerv. (3) éor > ier in iernist > yernist, ierth > yerth, liern.

The Consonants of the Dialect.

Nothing like a full treatment of these can be shown here; only their more evident characteristics can be referred to, and those very briefly in alphabetical order.

c hard (=k). (1) It remains in benk, briks, tlik, &c., and in ON. words like bork, flik, kerk, reik, thk, &c. (2) It is dropped in nau, neid, ni, nok, &c. (3) It becomes t before 1 (see p. 132). d (1) > th medially when followed by -er : blether, fzther, peether, &c. (W.W.D.). (2) It is sometimes dropped medially and finally : as in kinlin, ganner, and the p.p.'s bun, fun, wun, &c. f > th in thre, threm (from), and displaces th in fri (three), fremmil (see Appendix I). g hard. (1) >y initially, as yer (2), yeerd, yet, yolle (see p. 153); (2) it > d before 1 (see p. 22) ; (3) it remains in brig, ég, lig, neg, seg,

Page 29

Its Pronunciation xxix

seg, &c.; (4) it is dropped in no (2), nseg, fen, nel, oun, sti, and also in the suffix -ing, as givin, tellin, &e. h. (1) is always dropped initially, as in gg, ees, ich, of, &c. (2) Final guttural h still lingers. (See Introd., chap. B. ii. 2 (1).) k = hard c (above). 1. Medial 1 is dropped in the OE. combinations Ic, 1d, If, lb, 11, lm (see 1, v, vii, in Vowels), also in nopinz, poiz, shee'n't, wi'en't, &c. n > m after dropped f (=v) in eim, &c. (see iii. 2, Vowels). (2) It is dropped medially in estied, sem'et, and finally in i', ¢, uppe'. r. (1) Initial ris sounded fully ; medial r less so but, like final r, itis very rarely dropped. (2) fr > fi in fléd, fleens. s sharp remains in siuer, siuger, and > sh in minsh, rinsh. t. (1) > th (= dh) in bothm. (2) It is dropped medially in brussl, brussn, fuffn, &c. ; but (3) it is retained in the OFr. suffix -tureo, as in ficter, kréter, &c. th > t in tz, tg, kit (2), t' (= the) ; and > d in fardin, bed, snod, &c. w. (1) Initial w has developed from the dialect ug in wol, &c. (see i. 1 (2): Vowels). (2) Medial w is dropped in fored, opeth, &c. y. Initial y has developed from the dialect eg and ie in yee, yed, &c. (see p. 153). Note. On the whole, it is probable that this dialect has at least as few omissions of consonants as any of the neighbouring dialects-and quite likely fewer.

Page 31

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND REFERENCES

I. GRAMMATICAL AND OTHER TERMS

ad;. = adjective. x4». = numeral. adv. = adverb. obsol. = obsolete. ep. = compare. p.t. = past tense. comp. = comparative degree. p.p. = past participle. con}. = conjunction. per. = personal. aef. = definite. perk. = perhaps. demons. = demonstrative. phr. = phrase. deriv. = derivative. plu. = plural. dial. = dialect. possess. = possessive. dim. = diminutive. prep. = preposition. e. g. = for example. pres. = present. emph. = emphatic. pro. = pronoun. fg. = figuratively. prob. = probably. imper. = imperative. pron. = pronounced. indic. = indicative. @.v. = which see. instr. = instrumental. rel. = relative. inter}. = interjection. sing. = singular. interr. = interrogative. str. vb. = strong verb. bt., = literally. suff. = suffix. lit, Eng. = literary English. superl. = superlative degree. m. = masculine. trans. = transitive. mod. Eng. = modern English. w.vb. = weak verb. #. = noun. > = *has become' ; < = fr.=from.

2, FOREIGN AND OLD LANGUAGES

Dan. = Danish. NF r. = Norman French. Du. = Dutch. ODu. = Old Dutch. Fr. = French. OE. = Old English. Gael. = Gaelic. *OE. = earliest Old English. Ger. = German. OFries. = Old Friesian. Grk. = Greek. OIcel. = Old Icelandic, or Ir. = Irish. ON. = Old Norse. ‘ Ital. = Italian. Scand. = Scandinavian [which in- K. = Keltic. cludes ON. (= OlIcel.), Dan., Lat. = Latin. Norw., Swed.]

ME. = Middle (Medieval) English. - W. = Welsh. MLD. = Middle Dutch.

Works referred to: E.=Easther's Glossary of the Almondbury District (1876). LZd. Dy. = Lloyd's Encyclopaedic Dictionary (1895) in 7 vols.; gives many northern and Scottish dialect words. = the New English or Oxford Dictionary. = W. W. Skeat's (1) Concise Etymological Dictionary (1911 ed.), and (2) his Appendix to Cleasby and Vigfusson's Icelandic Dictionary (= Cl. & V.). W. W.D. = Prof. J. Wright's Grammar of the Windhill Dialect (Eng. Dial. Sy., 1892).

8280 I B

Page 32

AIDS TO THE GENERAL READER IN THE USE OF THIS GLOSSARY

1. The alphabetical order in the Glossary a, au, b, ch, d, e, e (instead of 2), f, g (hard only), i, j, k, 1, m, n, 0, 9, p, r, S, t, u, v, w, y. The following letters are omitted, their substitutes following each in black type: short a, &; soft c, s; hard c, k; soft g, j; h (not in use); q, kw ; x, ks; also cl, t1; gl, dl. The short ax, having the same sound as short in #074, is used in this Glossary oz/y to dis- tinguish the short form of the Proszowz Z from the long one ; thus au and az both = I.

2. All dialect words are spelt in exact accordance with their dialect sounds. This can best be understood by the reader familiarizing himself, or herself, in the first place with the above letter-symbols, especially the vowel-symbols, and their ordinary standard English equivalents. These are given at the bottom of each double page of the Glossary, and more fully in the Introductory chapter.

3. As a first practice, after full consideration of the above aids, it will be both an advantage and an interest to search out the following head-words in the Glossary (or 'iniu' for the purpose required) and their connexions as indicated by 'see -': zerrin, sks, au, aud, best, bi, dlaud, drau, ee, eget, eim, eluen, gi, 1d, iel, iest, kaell, kud, kwier, lien, lit, meel, mimo, nil, n6, of, old, pé, piutl, reng, rued, ruid, see, sit, siuer, té, tit, tlip, tlark, tok, u, ue, uin, ussl, wi', wop, yar, yeerb, yer, yo.

4. Where two or more head-words are given together they are variants of the same word. S/romg verbs, but not weak ones, are followed by their past tenses and past participles, many of which have more than one dialect form.

5. Summary guide to the pronunciation of the dialect vowel-symbols. Their modern English equivalents are in black type; but note that the sounds of &a and 6 have no final 'lift'; and that the diphthongs feu, eu, ou are exact? combinations of their component vowels :-

&, as a in glad ; a, far ; au, form ; é, mate; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see ; i, bit; 6, note; o, not; o, oil; u, brute; u, put; &u = &+u; ee, pear; ei, reign; eu = e+u; ig, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar; o1, boil ; ou = o ue, poor; ui, ruin; aZso dl for gl; tl for cl.

Page 33

GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF THE

HUDDERSFIEL D DISTRICT

3, ®; &; au

&', my, defective vb., to have. [ME. haven; OE. habban, to have.] See &n. sehet, sbed, abet, a't (shortened form), yes but. [OE. ged, yeat+ butan, but.] See ébet. sch, ech, ek (older form), a hatch, or heck ; a half-door ; also a door- bolt or bar. [OE. Axee, Aecec, a hatch, grating, a half-door.] See ek (1). E.g.'Thaeteend-dog'z just jumpt th' wi' sum meit in it meeth.' sddl, w.vd., to addle, earn a wage or reward. [ME. adien ; ON. othla, to earn. ZEarx is not used in this dialect.] sedlinz, wages: what has been earned. E.g. ' Au'v xda/ld muer ner au'v gettn. Wau, mi »zd/inz 'et au'v bin ped ez nobbet bin sixtin shillin ol this wik.' wzfter, adv. & prep., after. sefter.] See et-mfter. sefterinz, afterings, the last milk drawn from a cow on milking. egg, a hagg, a field, an enclosure. Hagg is the name of farms near Honley and Denby Dale. Hagg Wood is the wood near such a farm. [prob. ON. Zagi, Swed. Zage, an enclosed field, pasture, coppice j cognate with OE. Zaga, an en- closure. Cp. 2aigA, and see eg.] sek (1), w.vo., to hack, dig, cut, chop. [OE. Zaccian.] &k (2), a hack, a kind of hoe. [prob. OE. Zaca, a hook, &c.] skerin, skrin, an acorn. seceren.] an acre; afield. [OE. »cer.] sekk1l, hackle; any kind of clothing or covering ; hence condition, ap- pearance. [OE. a garment;

[OE.

[OE.

3

covering.] E.g. (1) 'That cub- berd'z reit full e ol suerts e »44¥7 (clothes) 'et mi gronmuther left wen u did (2) 'Jueb Garsid'z e reer farmer; i kips 61 iz lauvy-stok (live-stock) 1' guid skk1l, w.v5., to hackle; to trim or dress up. E.g. ' Au se, less, au think au'st #447 misen up, en' gu deen te t' teen te si wat's guin on, lauk.' sks, to ask. See ms (1). sekt, w.vo., to act, be active; hence to make diversion; to pretend, sham. [E. act, from Lat.] E.g. 'Taxk ne nuetis on im, meéester ; 1'2 nobbet x¥¢iz (pretending).' sektli, adv., actually, E.g. Two gossips : ' Au rekkn Jollem (John William) 'z run ewe thre iz wauf.' 'The duzn't se! Wat »eitli?' ' Ah, sektli \? gel, a hal, butt, fool; a hanger on [origin uncertain]. E.g. 'Thae': made e x/ e mi this taum, but thie'll nuen du it egien.' selek, w.vo., to idle about like a hal, to fool about; hang on. E.g. ' They'n sigkt ebeet ol t' moernin, westin ther taum.' [Cp. Scots hallock, a thoughtless, giddy girl ; hallokit, made giddy, foolish, stupid. Origin uncertain. N.E.D.] seledi, sledé, a holiday ; lit., a holy- ay. [OE. Adlig-dzeg.] seliker, sour ale; hence vinegar. [OE. ealu, ale+ Fr. aigre, sharp, sour. - Cp. vinegar = vin-aigre, sour wine.] selsh, a loop, knot, especially a loop round the neck. [ME. to fasten, clasp. Of uncertain origin : perhaps from OE. Za/sian, or ON. Zaisa, to clasp, embrace.] sm, v0. 1 pres.s., am. [northern OE. eam, am.]

Page 34

sem'et

sem'et, am not. E.g. 'Au sem'et e Mester Edward. Yo non mi kum tu yq efuer, zn P, sn, vwo.pres pl., have. [ME. han, contraction of Zavez, have.] sen'et, have not. send, end (older form), a hand. [OE. Zand; cp. ON. hond.]) E.g. 'Thi gu wesh them exdz this minnit, thee mukki laed.' seng, w.v5., to hang, suspend, hang down. [OE. Zexgianr, to be sus- pended ; cp. OIcel. Zazgu, keng7a.] Note. The word zng is used in the dialect chiefly with reference to the punishment of hanging. 7zg (which see) is used in nearly all the modern meanings of Zang. See below.

engmens, sngment, the action of hanging. Used in exclamations, &c., as: (1) 'Wat the sengunens (sengment) ser te duin thier?' (2) ' Eh, the sengunment !' sengin-tri, ingin-tri, a hanging-tree, a gibbet, on which criminals were hanged at cross-roads, &c. The memory of the frequency with which hanging was meted out for minor offences against the law in the old days survives in the following and many similar local uses of ' hang': (1) 'Au'll bi sxgd if au'll du it!' (2) 'Tha'll bi seegd if the teks them (3) 'Oh, bi sengd te that tel (4) ' Gaiz seng thi! waet'r te duin ?' genni, onni, ed@;., any. [ME. ani, oni; OE. »nig.] See onni. snni-wier, onni-wier, e@v., any- where. [ME. ani4+Awér; OE. nig + hwaer.] senkerch, shortened form of 'hand- kerchief'. [Zand+ ME. ; OFr. convrechef = head-covering.] sent, ont, an aunt. [ME. amnte; OFr. ante. (Lat.)]} Seenont ; ont.

Note. sent is the local ' polite' form of aunt ; but #oné£ is the form in general use. E.g. a father teazing his daughter : 'The thinks thi zzont Sally'll bau thie niu frok if th toks faun (polite) tu er- imitating her-" #? Sarah are yo goin'

Huddersfield Dialect ses

out ? au'll mind th' ouse for yo waul yq kum back ". It's " extSarah " this en' "wnt Sarah" t' tuther; bet thi nont Sally'll maund gr brzess muer ner tha maunds other pr, er gr egs.' &p, w.v5., to hap or wrap up (with clothes), to 'lap' up (E.). [ME. happen,to wrapup (W.W.D).] Not much used now. &pn, »pns, adv., perhaps, may be. [Scand., cp. ON. 24$p, chance.] Note. This dialect never uses (per- haps'. E.g. 'Au rekkn yo'll liev t' muest ¢ yer brass te t' wauf?' © Well, &pn au shiell, en' apr au sheen't.' eperin, an apron. [formerly napron, from OFr. naperon, a large cloth.] ger, grt (older form), vo. 2 pres.sing., art. Also pres.p/., are. [OE. eart (2 pres.s.), and O. Northum- brian aroz E.g. 'The sert (xr) e nuppit, tokin lauk that. Ee'z te no thaet iz sue ?' mrrgnda), an errand. [OE. srende, a message; cp. ON. (closely re- lated) erind?.] srrend (2), adj., tricksy, knavish ; very bad. [Fr. errant. (Lat.)] E.g. 'Yond felli'z e reit serrend chiet (cheat).' gerrin, a spider, the latter word being never used in this dialect. [ME. araine; OFr. araigne, spider. &rrin-smittl, poisonous infection from contact with spiders or their webs. [OE. sw#eiffa, a smear, smut.] grrin-web, a spider's web, cobweb. [OE. wed.] E.g. Boy: 'Father, mi finger'z swolln.' Fafker; 'Let's luk xt it. . . . Wau, it'l bi zerriz- smittl. The wer ruitin emzeng them zxerrizx-webs yusterdi, en the'z gettn smittld wi t' muk on em. The mun get e pultis on it, reit ses (1), sks, w.vo., to ask, inquire. [ME. asken, axien;, OE. ascian, dhsian, acsian, to ask.] ses (2), ash, ashes (AZ.); coals burnt to powder and small coke. [ME. asche, axe (sing.), Yorks. ME. ass ;

&, as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen; e, her; 1, see; i, bit; 0, note; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute; u, put; su = &+ u;

Page 35

ses-middin

OE. wsce, axe, ash.] E.g. a common saying of something very puzzling to understand : ken mek " nother ner kouks " (ash nor cokes) e this thing: waet is it?' ses-middin, an ashes' heap. See middin. es-nuk, the nook or corner where the ashes fall beneath a fire-grate. See nuk. sesek, a hassock. [ME. ZassoZ, originally a tuft of coarse grass which, when stuffed into a bag or cover,formedalow seat or foot-rest.] ZEzeks, The Hassocks, a local place- name in Honley. Cp. 'Hassocks' near Brighton. sesh, the ash-tree. [OE. »sc.] ZEsh-es, Ash House, a farm near Castle Hill, with Ash-es Lane lead- ing to it. The local derivation from ' burnt coal, is wrong. (See egs.) sesk, ed;., dry, rough, harsh to the touch. [ME. 2e7s%, harsh, rough ; Scand., cp. Dan. karsé; OIcel. heskr; haski.] esker, a newt, a small kind of lizard. [ME. aséé, prob. from OE. dathexa, a - Still fairly common in this district. Eiskit, a place-name and a surname, Askwith, Asquith. [Scand., cp. Olcel. askr, ash-tree+vithr, a wood, marsh.] esp, esp (more usual form), a hasp, catch, bolt. [OE. Azxps; ON. hespa.} See esp. get (1), p.7., hit, struck. See it (1). set (2), et (unemphatic), prep., at, near. Seeet-m@fter. syverkek, haver- bread or havercake-a form of oatmeal food very common former- ly, when flour of wheat was too dear in price for poor people to obtain. It is still made and sold in this district, but in much thinner cakes than formerly. [ME. ON. Zafri, oats. See bried and kek.] syvermeil, oatmeal. sez, vo.pr.t.sing., has.

See meil.

Huddersfield Dialect

aup &(h), and ea, ia, i’g, (older forms), adv., yea, yes. [OE. ged, yea, aye ; cp. ON. 7a.) Note. & (ea, &c.) is used affirmatively to corroborate something affirmed. For

differences in the use of & and y#s (yes) see yus.

&bet, a(h)t, contractions of aA bdx/. See msbet. ardin, harding or hurden, a cloth made of hards or coarse linen, used for aprons, rough towels, sack- ing, &c. [prob. OE. Zearden, adj., of flax, flaxen.] arkn, yarkn, w.v5., to hearken, listen. - [ME. Aerknen, Aerken; OE. Zeorcnian, to listen to.] The word /sten is not used in this dia- lect. - E.g. (1) Ailing woman wearily: 'Au'v bin fer t' dokter'z fuitsteps fer of e neer (half an hour), en' i duzn't kum yet !' (2) Mother 'lecturing' her two boys stops suddenly : *'Joseph Henry &r te arkzin te mi?' 'Ah muther au s» arkzin.' ' Bet 2a sern't arkxnin John Thomas?*' Yus, au'v yerd ol yo'n sed, muther!' ' Well then, think on it (remember it), bueth on yq !' au (1), per. pro., emphatic ; au, un- emph., 1. [OE. ic, I.] Note that the short az, having the same sound as the short in is used in this Glossary on/y to distinguish the short form of the prosxoms Z from the long one.

au (2), a direction by the driver of a horse for it to come to his side of the road. Au-wé is also used. See we, j1. aud, id, p.p. idn, to hide, conceal. |OE. 2ydan.] audl, idle. [OE. Zdel, vain, useless.] audl-bzek, an idle-back, idle person -used as a term of reproach. aum, raum, rime, hoarfrost (E.). [OE. Arim; but cp. ON. Arim, hem, hoarfrost, hime.] aup, a stroke, blow, push (E.). [HZije

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = @+u; ig, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar; oi, boil; ou =o+u; ue, poor; ui, ruin; a/so dl for gl; tl for cl.

M

Page 36

aurn

in wrestling is a peculiar inside stroke between the thighs. Origin uncertain; prob. connected with kip (N.E.D.)]; aup, w.7/b., to strike, push (E.). E. g. (I) Sum’di bi-und gev mi e azp wi' e stik, en' au fell? (2) Gu te yond kee (cow), it's th' tuther keez wi' it _ _oernz (its horns). aurn, iron. [OE. Zsez:, Zrex, iron.] aurs, a horse. [OE. 207s.] aus, ice, [OE.Fs,ice.] See slqrrin- aus. ausikkl, ikkl, an icicle. [OE. is +gicel, a point of ice.] See ikkl. auvi, auvin (older form), ivy. [OE. i/ig, also, ifegn (Skt.).]

B, b

bebbi, a baby. [ME. later babe, bab. bebbi-wark, child's play. E.g. (1) that job'z iez:i ; it's nout naut (nothing but) daxodi-wark te m1i.' (2) By 'th' oud end': 'Did au ivver si em lek et tennis, sez te? Well, wons au did, but it simd e lot e dzebi-wark te mi. Uz krek- kiterz, the noz, iuist te kol it " guin 1° (q. v) bed (1), bedli, ad7., bad ; ill, poorly. [ME. ézedde, bad, 'from OE. dseddel (a noun) Skt)] E. g. ' Mi faxether's baed (éaea’lz) i' bed, en' keen't gu te iz wark.' bed (2) a bat, club, staff, but especially found in ' en' the old local name for the game of cricket. [ME. baite; OE. bait, a See bet (2). beggin, a meal, now usually ' tea', but formerly any meal ; a bagging. Probably so called because workers generally carried their meals to their work in a bag of some kind. [Scand. : cp. Olcel. daggi, a bag, partlcularly used for provisions, as in #est-baggi, food-bag.] baejer (1), a badger-old name for a corn-dealer, or a pedlar, still used in villages for a hawker, [ME.

Dialect

bxend-end

bager, a corn-dealer; prob. OF. bladier.] (2), another name for a brock (see brok (1)). [prob. named badger owing to the white mark or badge on its forehead (N.E.D.).]

bek, ad;. & x., back. [OE. bazec.] baskerd, ad;, backward. [OE. baec + weard.]

bakerdz, backwards. bsk-word, a message of withdrawal from a promise or engagement of any kind (see neéwprd). E.g. Vlllager chaffing the local ' silly- billy ': 'Well Joe, au rekkn thae'r guinte wed yond Sarahe' Maelly's ?' ® Né led, au'v gin er ; u'z nuen guid inuf fer mi.' baek-breid, a baking-board like a flat shovel, used in baking oat-cakes. [OE. dacan, to bake+bréd, a board.] See bek. bek-spittl, another name for a baking-board for oat-cakes. [OK. bacan + spitel, a spade, shovel.] bsek-sten, a baking-stone; a long, smooth stone slab with a fire-place under, for baking oat-cakes. [OE. bacan + stan, stone.] baelli, the belly. [OE. éx/g, a bag.] See bellisez. bend, the general, and usual, dialect word for string, cord, or rope. [ON. band.]

Note. In the sense of ' pulley-rope' the word occurs in the frequent meta- phorical saying 'to keep t' éznd 1' t' nik (= groove)', that is, to keep on good terms with some one from whom help may be received. E.g. 'Thae mun kip t' ds&nad ¢ ? nik wi' thi nunkle; ther'z sum briess thier, the noz.' bend-bol, a ball used by boys at 'bsed en' bol', and made with a core of yarn or rags, bound round by strong band or string with a packing-needle. bend-end, any old worn-out animal or person used up like a frayed rope-end. E.g. An ailing old man: 'Eh led! au'v gettn inte e oud bzend@-end nee; they'll x» te tak mi te t' chorch-yerd suin.'

&, as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ;

i, bit ; 0, note; 0, not ;

e, her ; 1, see;

o, oil ; u, brute u, put ; #u = &+ u; 6

Page 37

benger benger, a dealer, especially in cattle ; a cow-banger, a cattle drover. [prob. ON. danga, a hammer.] benk (1), a bank, long slope, hill- side. [OE. duzxce, hillock.] A

frequent place-name, e.g. Almond- bury (Ombri) Bank, Bank Top, Kilner Bank, Underbank, &c. benk (2). w.v6., to become or cause to become, a bankrupt ; to lose all one has. [Short form of damZrupt, from Fr. Ganguerout, bankrupt.] E.g. (1) 'Th' méster'z dazesé? fer ovver e theesend peend, they sen (say).' (2) Gambler: 'Au'm dzenét nee, au'v stekt ol t' brass au bsenter, w.v5., to talk some one down in a bargain, to bate, to lower. [Originunknown (N.E.D.).] (1), a barrow, wheel-barrow. [ME. darowe ; OE. baerewe.] berre (2), a long, sleeveless garment for an infant. [prob. from OE. beorg, protection.] Cp. mod.E. barrow-coat. beerre (3), a measure; size, weight; any work which suits or fits. E.g. (1) In a contesting game one man will say to another: ' Thae'r just ebeet mau dxrzg ; au'll tek thi on.' (2) Referring to an ad- vertised 'job', a man will say : ' Au'm guin te anser that " adver- tausment", it's just mau bzxrrg (it will just suit me)." bes (1), a bag or basket of straw, or of tree-bast. (2) A foot-mat of vegetable fibre, straw, &c. [OE. bzest, the inner bark of a tree.] BRaestail, Bestaul, the old local nick- name for a workhouse, so called from the famous Parisian prison the Pastilie, destroyed in the French Revolution, 1789. Note. The old poor-houses in the early nineteenth century were very little better than the prisons of those days in many ways. The nickname was widely used of prisons also.

bat (1), w.vo., to beat, strike, hit ; wink the eyes. [Origin uncertain : prob. OE. *d2xe, to hit, or OE. dat?,

Dialect

bar a cudgel; but cp. OFr. daitre, to beat ; Ir. & Gael. bat, bata, cudgel, staff. (N.E.D.)] E.g. (1) ' Wi xd te ez eermz (our arms) te kip uz-sen warm.' (2) 'Th' oud man stud stok still, en' sed nout : 1 just bseifed iz in (eyes) nee en' egien, that's ol." (3) mek e gardin-wok (path) the mun dxf th' soil deen till it 's ard inuf.' bet (2), a stroke or blow. [OE. verbal stem to hit, or OE. batt, a stick. E.g. 'Thae'll get e dxet wi this stik if the duz that egien.' bet (3), rate, manner, style. [prob. means lit. the manner of ' baeffiz' or beating something. See (1).] E.g. 'Wi'st nier finish ez wark te nit et this (rate).' bet (4), a bundle of straw or hay tied up. [prob. a variant meaning of bxt (2), or from Fr. botte, a bundle of hay or straw.] batter, w.vd., to beat down, to abate, to obtain a lower price by bargain- ing. [A frequentative of éx4 (1) ; or perhaps (?) from Fr. adaitre, to beat down.] Cp. E.g. Greengrocer to friend : ' U'z e rich oud lass, bet u feer lauks to mi prausez deen, sue au Olis ex er of ez mich egien ez au ax uther fuek, en' then au let er baesi/er mi te within e penni er tuppins ¢' t' reit praus, efuer au let er a' t' stuff. U olis sez au'v ommest baenkt er; bet u guez ewe laffin te ersen et er bargen-en' au laff tu, the noz.' bam, barm, yeast,-also called yest (which see). [OE. deorma, yeast, froth.] bami, barmi, ad;., light-headed, silly, foolish ; lit., frothy, light. bam-stik, bom-stik, a simpleton, noodle; careless fellow. - [Ga@nmz+ stik.] See stik (2). E.g. ' Eh, the »r e damstik fer tellin im that.' bar, a bar; rail; also a toll-bar. [OFr. darre, bar.] Occurs in place- names as a relic of old toll-gates, e.g. Bar-house, Bar-gate, &c.

eg, pear; ei, reign ; qu = ig, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o ue, poor ; ui, ruin; also dl for gl; tl for cl.

7

Page 38

barkem

barkem, the leather, or straw, flap on a horse-collar, to shield the shoulder. [N.E.D. suggests stem of OE. vb. deorgan, to hame, a horse-collar.] bau (1), exiphat., bi, unemphat. prep., by, near, with; and see bi (2). [OE. de, di, big, by, near, at, about, with.] - E.g. 'Au'll stend (with, near) thi, lad; the sheen't bi dF thisén.' bau (2), bout, w.v5., to buy. [OE. dycgan.] baud, ./, bed, bued, #.p. biddn, str.vb., to bide, endure, wait, abide. [OE. didan, to bide.] baues, baus, bias,leaning. [Fr. biazs.] baul, a boil, large pimple. [ME. byle, OE. byl, a swelling.] baund, ben, p.p. bun, str.v5., to bind. [OE. dixdanx.] baunder, a binder, bandage. ' Au'v ortn mi zend, en' au dzx it up wi' mi zengkerch; bet mi muther'z dzz it up nee wi' e regler baunaer? bausikl, a bicycle. [A hybrid word : Lat. di, twice+ Gk. ZAwklos, a wheel.) bausn, bosn, a bawson, an old name for a badger or brock (E.), so called from the white streaks on its face. Almost obsolete now. [ME. ; OFr. bausen, bau- sant, piebald (N.E.D.).] baut, A/. bet, buet, .$. bittn, str.vb., to bite. [OE. ditan.] b&autin-on, a biting-on, a snack to put one on till the proper meal-time. E.g.,. 'Au mun a' e 1 t' middle e' t' fornuin, er els au keen't ger on wi mi wark.' bed, w.v6., to bathe. [OE. dathkian.] bedlem, the liver, heart, &c., of a pig, or other animal, when killed. [Origin doubtful, but prob. OE. bed, a prayer, request + OE. Zim, a limb, bough; hence a portion. ¢ Bedlam ' would thus be originally those parts of a slaughtered animal which were asked for by the poor, and which would otherwise often be thrown away.]

Hudderspeld Dialect

beid

bee, beu, bu, a bough or branch. [ME. bough; OE. bog, boh.] beel, a ball, a round thing-especially the ball in cricket, and the wooden bowl in the game of ' bowls '. [ME. boule; OFr. bowle, any round thing.] See bulli. been, ad;., ready, going; ready to go, going or intending to go. But the meaning ready has become obscured in the meaning going. [ME. dowun(e), ready ; ON. bdiiinn, prepared, ready.] E.g. (1) *Z¥r te deen (or been ig gug) er not?? (2) Father threatening disobedient boy: *¥Er te deen te du wat thi muther tellz thi, er the arn't? Se wich, en' then au'st no wat te du wi' thi' (3) One of two 'mates' parting : 'Well, au'm dees wom, wier xr tee deer ?' The other: ' Ob, au'm deen t' teen e bit (going along the village a while), efuer au gu wom.' See bun (2). beens, buns, (older form), w.v6., to bounce, spring up; formerly, to knock, thump. [ME. duzxsex, to beat ; cp. Du. to throw, bounce; Du. go#s, a bounce, thump (Skt.).] beer, buer, #.p. buern, si.v6.,

to bear, endure; lift up. [OE. beran.] beerli, barley. [OE. dzex/zc.] beern, a bairn, child. [OE. bearz ;

cp. ON. Not in frequent use in this dialect. beet, prep. & con;., without, unless. OE. diitan = be + utan, without.] See bi-eet, bitheet. E.g. (1) ' Wi'n kumn dee? ez umberelle, en' it's sZaertin wi' ren; ken yo lien (lend) ez won?' (2) 'Au's nuen gue tlc; yoer Jimmi'z dee? tha guez n' ol."

beet-wit, a simpleton, lit., one with- out wit. See wit. bef, w.vb., to cough. See pef, peh. [ME. daffin, to bark.] beid, bied (later form), a bead ; originally a prayer, then a small ball for counting prayers. [OE. (ge)-bed, a prayer, mod.E. a bead.]

&, as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see ; i, bit; 6, note; o, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put; su = &+ u; 8

Page 39

bek bek, w.vo., to bake. [OE. bacan.] See bzek-breid. bek, beck, a small stream. [ON. befkkr.]

beil, bel, w.v6., to bale, fester, swell up, beal falsely (E.). [prob. ON. beyla, a hump, swelling ; from ON. beyg;ja, to bend, bow; cp. OE. began, by gan, to bend (N.E.D.).] bell, w.v6., to bellow, cry out. [OE. bellan.]} E.g. 'Sum fugks bells eet efuer the'r qrtn, the noz.' bellisez, bellows, used as a plural only. [An example of a double plural (like gal/eses). Bellis is a p/. from OE. baelg, belig, or beli, a bag, and, becoming used in the singular, another plural ending -es (-gz) was added.] benk, a bench, table, long seat. [OE. dence ; cp. ON. * benkr, bekkr.] bensil, contracted to bezzil, w.v6., to thrash, beat, punish. [A philo- logist notes on this word: 'It occurs in Craven and also in other northerly dialects both within Yorkshire and outside. Itappears to be a derivative from the noun bensel (= impetus, force ; orig. the bending of a bow, tension, &c.), which is probably from ON. bdesz/a, bending.] E.g. (1) 'Au'll dexsi/ thi, reit en' wen au kech thi" (2) 'Thae'z bin runnin ewe thre t' skuil; thae'll get e bemnsil/in wen thee gets wom.' bent, coarse grass. [ME. bex, prob. from OE,. beonet.] berri (1), a berry, fruit of various plants and trees. [OE. derige, berig.] berri (2), a burrow, shelter. [OE. ( ge)-beork, shelter, protection.] The word is especially applied to a trench dug in the ground, in which potatoes and turnips are placed and covered over suitably for future use. berri (3), w.vo., to bury. byrigan.] berri-in, berrin, a burying, the general name for a funeral. E.g. 'Au rekkn th' oud less ez died.

[OE.

F uddersfield Dialect

betti

Dun yo no wen t' derri-iz iz? au mun gue tu it, chuz wether au'm biddn (xt) er not.' berrin-biskits, long, narrow sponge- biscuits, which used invariably to be handed round to the mourners at a burial for each to take one. If, however, a mourner had young children at home, he would often contrive to secure one each for them also. bessi-bmeb, a doll, hence an over- dressed person. Of such a one a critical gossip would say: ' Eh, u'z dond up (she's dressed up) war ner e dessi-baxd.' [Origin of bessi prob. in the usual mother's fond exclamation to her baby: ° Wau then, dess it (bless it), wat duz it waent?' or merely : ' Eh, dess it then ! '] best, w.vd., to baste, beat, thrash. [prob. Scand.; cp. ON. deysta, to beat.] E.g. 'If the duzn't du wat thae'r telld, au'll gi' thi e guid bestin. bet (1), w.v6., to bait, feed ; to tempt with food. [ME. beiten ; ON. deita, to make to bite, to feed.] E.g. (1) 'Wen au gu te Lepton pit fer e lued e koilz, au olis 52¢ bueth th' ors en' misen et Mally Pashley's (old inn long since closed).' (2) 'D2¢ th' mees-trzep wi' sum chiz.' bet (2), w.vo5., to abate, bate, lower, lessen. [OFr. adaittre, to beat from, to lower.] E.g. (1) 'Au ext er sixpins for it, bet u mi deen til au tuk thrippins. U'z e kin en, u iz! (2) T' wether'z défed e bit nee; it'sommest faunegien (almost fine again)." bet (3), bit, biet, w.v5., to mend, improve; to better. [OE. d¥fan, to amend, improve (from OE. 557, remedy), or ON. dzxfa, to mend.] E.g. * Bt (or bigt) th' faur lad, efuer it guez bet (4), $.4., bit. See baut. bet, con7., but. See but. betti, a betty, or tidy-betty, a guard placed in front of the fire to keep

eg, pear ; ei, reign ; eu = g+u; ig, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o ue, poor; ui, ruin; a/so dl for gl; tl for cl.

8280

9

C

Page 40

beuti the ashes from spreading. [prob. related to d2¢ (3); but cp. OE.

a restraint, curb ; a bit, bridle.] beuti, biuti (later form), beauty, a beautiful thing. [ME. deste, AFr. deute; OFr. beaute, biaute, beauty.] E.g. Looking over a fine horse a man will exclaim. 'It's e beuti (binti) !' bezzil (1), w.v5., to embezzle, de- fraud, filch, steal; essentially, to make away with another's property, to plunder, [ME. Gesi/Z; OFr. besiler, begiller, to lay waste, ravage, destroy, plunder (N.E.D.).] bezzil (2), w.vo., to drink deep, guzzle, carouse. [Lit., to makeaway with much food or drink; hence to drink hard, guzzle. Same origin as dezszil (1) (N.E.1.).] bezzil, drink, liquor. bezzil (3), to thrash, beat. [A variant form of benasil, which see.] bi (1), v6., to be. [OE. to be.] P.t. (s. & pl), wor, was, were ; #.p. bin, been. bi (2), prep. unemphat., by, near, according to, with. [OE. de, 67, big. Seeb&au(1).] (1) Au'st gue of misén, te mit Ben ; 5¢ wat sez i shed bi et th' " Live en Let Live " (Inn) this taum.' (2) See beet. bi-eet, bith-eet, beet, Prep. & adu., without, unless. [OE. de + #faz, out. See beet.] Pz-egt and bi/k- egt are rarely used now, but they were formerly fairly common. bid (1), #.. bed, p.p. biddn, si.v6., to bid, offer a price. [OE. bZodan.] bid (2), bad, p.p. biddn, st.v6., to pray, request, wish. [OE. Ai@- dan, to pray.] biddin, a bidding, request, esp. to a funeral. One or two old men in a vil- lage used to be recognized as customary bidders to ' berrinz'. Wearing a top- hat and black (often greenish with long use) frock-coat the bidder would visit each house of those to be bidden, and repeat a 'nominy' to the effect that- ¢ Mester (or Missis) - bids yo to the funeral of -', adding the date, time, and place of burial in ceremonial fashion.

Dialect

bi th' art

biem, a beam, post. [OE. Biemend, local pronunciation of the frequent surname PBeawsmont, and the older and more correct form. [NFr. biazx, fine + mond, hill.] Also pronounced Boumend, and Boument (later forms). bien, a bean. [OE. déaz.] biest (1), a beast ; bies, cattle. ME. beste ; OFr. beste.] biest (2), bist, beestings, the first milk from a cow after calving. [OE. déost, byst.] biet, p.¢. bet, #.p. bietn, bettn, st.vb., to beat, strike; to surpass, excel. [OE. déatan, to beat.] bifuer, prep. & adv., before. See efuer. bikos, bikoz, 'kqz, con;., because. [Lat.] bilberri, a bilberry, whinberry ; the same as Scots blaeberry. [Scand. ; cp. Dan. 560//ebzer, and OIcel. blader, a bilberry or blaeberry.] bild, bield, $./ belt, $.$. belt, bilded, w.vo., to build. [ME. bulden ; late OE. byldan, to build.] bildin, bieldin, a building of any kind. billi (1), a small containing-vessel- as a bag or tub. [OE. dyZig, bilig, belig, brig, a bag. See bellises, balli.] billi (2). See sgilli-billi. bing, a bin, manger; a receptacle for corn, or other material. [ME. binne; OE. binn, a manger; but the name has prob. become con- fused with obsolete bizg, a heap of corn, from ON. a heap.] bisaud, Prep. & adv., beside, besides. [OE. de-sidan, by the side of.] bi-sim, w.v5., to beseem, to look fitting or proper, to be becoming. [ME. disémen, to beseem, befit; OE. seman, to satisfy, suit.] E.g. (1) 'That frok duzn't éisém: er e bit.' (2) ( It izn't vaerri bdisinin te du sue.' bi th' art, by the Heart ; prob. one of several oaths which have come down from the old Roman Catholic days in England, such as bf i/#'

[OE.

&, as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate; e, pen; e, her; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u =

10

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bi-think

moess (by the Mass), bi H' meskin (by the little Mass), ak Mazerri (yes Marie). bi-think, bi-thout, w.vd., to remember, call to mind, reflect, consider. [OE. defZemcaz, to think of, reflect.] E.g. (1) 'Wen au bithink mi, au sevn't teld thi ol mi tel yet.' (2) "Bi¢kink thisén ; en' then thae'll zppn remember iz nem (name)" (3) 'Au wer been te se summet stronger ner that, till au bithout misen wier au wor.' bit, w.v5., to mend, improve. bet (3). biter, bitin, a mending, esp. 'a piece put in to mend a warp, when an end or thread has broken' (E.). bit-nid, a somewhat opprobrious name for one who is asked for help when there is no one else ; a last resource, a makeshift, a stopgap. bit, bet, a mark or line placed as a starting-place or a limit in games of running, jumping, &c. [prob. Scand.; cp. Olcel., a butt, mark; cp. OE. ge-bxte, a curb, bridle, the diz of a bridle.] E.g. ' The men tue t' dif (toe the bit) to start off, en' if thee duzn't the's bit, bet, w.v5., to start at a given mark. 'Wi men ol (or bet) et th' sem mark, er it willn't bi feer.' bittek, a bittock, a little bit. [OE. bita, bit, morsel +c or oc, dimin. suff.] - E.g. 'Thre this mark te thet mezzerz (measures) tu yerdz en' e dititghk.? bi-und (1), Prep. & adv., behind. [OE. dekindan, behind.] bi-und (2), Prep. & adv., beyond. [OE. degeondan, beyond.] biuti. See beuti. bleg, a blackberry. black + berry.] w.vo., to go blackberrying. E.g., an old rejoinder to an un- likely tale, or to a request that is distasteful, ' Thi gu b/zg wol yeps (hips) ez raup, meaning that the first speaker will be kept occupied

See

[OE. bdizec,

Hudderspeld Dialect

bleu

long enough to prevent him from being further objectionable. blather (1), a bladder, but the commoner form is blether (1), which see. blather (2), blether (2), nonsense ; foolish, rash talk. [ON. AZa/kz.] blather, blether, w.vo., to talk rashly and loudly, to blurt out foolishly. blaetter, the local form of batter, a mixture of flour and milk we//- beater up. [ME. batour; OFr. bature, a beating.] blart, to blurt out, to utter rashly. [prob. like 6/z»f, of imita- tive origin.] blaund, blind (older form), ad;., blind ; as v., to make blind, to cover up. [OE. dZiind, adj.] blaunderz, blinders, blinkers to cover an animal's eyes. bled, w.vd., to braid, twist; to imitate, resemble. See bred. bleez, w.vo., to blouse ; to become red-faced by weather-exposure. [prob. connected with OE. 6/ysaz, to blaze, flame, or OE. to blow.] bleich, bliech, w.v5., to bleach, whiten. [ME. dlecken; OE. to become pale; but cp. ON. bleikja, to bleach.] bleik, bligk, blék, bleak, wild, open to the wind. [ME. b/eiZ; ON. pale, grey ; cp. OE. blac, pale.] blein (1), blend, w.v5., to blend, mingle. [OE. blein (2), bléen, a blain, blister. [OE. blegen.] blenk, w.v5., to blench, flinch ; to wink the eyes. [ME. d/exckex, to avoid ; OE. blemcan.] blét, bliet, w.vd., to bleat; to cry out. [OE. d/kian.] blether (1), blather, a bladder. [OE. dizeddre ; cp. ON. blathra.] blether-yed, a bladder-head, i. e. an empty-headed fellow, a fool. blether (2), w.v5. See bl&ther. bleu, bliu, blue. [ME. blew ; OFr. blew, blue; cp. ON. d/a, livid.]

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu = ig, pier; iu, few ; ce, boar; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; 2/s0 dl for g1 ; tl for cl.

Page 42

bleu

bleu, bliu, w.v5., cheat, deceive. [This local use of the adj. blue in a verbal sense is most probably derived from the fanciful connexion of the colour with the traditional sulphureous nether-regions and their evil spirits. My first surmise that the vb. is derived from OE. de/lZwanr, to betray-OLE. l®wa, a traitor, lacks necessary evidence in its support.] E. g. ' Yond tu " gipsies" et th' ors-feer yusterdi b/ewxd (b/zud) mi proper inte bau-in this ier meer (mare). U wer ez kwaut ez e lump e wud wen au brout er wom ; bet neg! wau if the nobbgt just tuchgz er u kiks lauk u ad th' spezzemz (the spasms).' bigqu-gnz, bliu-enz, i.e. 'blue-devils', is a local name for Zeliriun: tre- mens, a disease under which the drunkard is cheated and terrified by all manner of imaginary evil- beings in pursuit of him. [lit., 6/zxe- ones ; see above.] blez, blaze, the white mark on a horse's forehead. [prob. ON. blesi.] blid, blied, bleid, w.v5., to bleed. [OE. d/édan.] bliech. See bleich. bliek. See bleik. bliet. See bléet. blin, w.vo., blmen (older P..), to cease, stop (E.). [OE. to cease.] blind, ad;., older form of blaund, which see. blo (1), $.. bleu, bliu, p.$. blon, str.vb., to blow, puff. [OE. dlawan.] blo (2), 'blou (1), p.t. blod, bloud, p.p. blon, bloun, w.v6., to bloom, blossom, flourish. [OE. bid-wan, to bloom.] blo, blou, a bloom, flower. E.g. Them plants ez zd sum faun (dlouz) on em, bet the'r gettin e bit ovver-bloun nee. blocht, part.ad;j., bloached, bloated, puffed up in the face, as often with drunkards ; lit., with white, variegated.

to betray, trick,

[prob. a variant of

Hudderspeld Dialect

blou

blotched, covered with blotches (N.E.D.).] bloch, a blot, a large spot or patch. [OFr. dlocke, a swelling, tumour (Skt.).] blok, a lump or piece of anything; also a system of pulleys and ropes held together by a of wood or iron. A butcher's block is a large log of wood on which he chops up meat with a blocker. [Fr. bloc, a lump, piece, &c.] blokker, a chopper, a small hatchet for cutting or shaping blocks of anything. blonk, wvb to sulk, scowl, frown. perh. connected w1th OE. blanca, blgnm, a grey horse, a steed ; hence to blgnk may mean lit. to look grey or pale with the sulks. See N.E.D.] E.g. Father to sulking boy: ©Du ez thae'r telld, en' duen't staend thier Alpnékin lukin feel (foul). blorri, a blurry or blur, a smear, blemish; hence a blunder, error, breakdown. [A variant of blur, origin of whichis obscure (N.E. blorri, w.v5., to blurry, to cause a blur, blunder, &c. E.g. A boy (writing) to nelghboux ‘Thaz Jdi mi elbou en' blgrrzd mi', or mi mek e bolpr»? '. bloss, w.v5., to smarten up, to make one look ‘spruce ' [prob. OE. blosnian, to blossom, bloom.] E.g. ¢ Johnni'z izsen up reerli thre" wat i ylust (used) to luk lauk efuer i get wed.' blou (2), blG (3), a blow, stroke. [Origin doubtful (N.E.D.).] E.g. ' Au gey t' dog ¢ Nou (blo) wi mi stik te kwautn im.' blou, bleu, w.75., to blow (beat?), now only used in mild oaths and exclamations in senseof to astonish, cheat (?), as 'Alozx: it!' 'thi bi bloud !' &c. [prob. a verbal use of blox (2).] E.g. ' Well, au'm bloud (or Au nivver sid nout lauk that 1' mi lauf !' blou, b16, a blossom, bloom, flower full-blown (see blo (2) ); hence

&, as a in glad ; a, far; au, form ; é, mate; e, pen; e, her; 1, see; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put; su = &+ u;

12

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bluft

form, condition. E.g. ' Au fil 1' reit guid d/ow (670) te-de et-xfter mi sllide yusterdi.' bluft, w.v6., to bluff, blindfold ; to prevent one from finding something out, to deceive with a pretence. [Variant of 6/z/f, with origin ob- scure.] blufterz, blinkers, coverings for an animal's eyes to prevent it

straying or biting. See blaun- bluid, blood. [ME. 6/57; OE. blood.]

bluther, w.v5., to blubber, weep loudly and copiously. [ME. 6/70- beren, to bubble up, to weep copiously.] bob, a bunch, cluster, ball. Keltic dabag, a cluster.] wessil-bob. bobbin, a wooden spool or peg for winding thread or yarn upon. [Fr. bobine.} bobbiner, a bobbin-maker or dealer. bobbin-waunder,a person who winds yarns upon bobbins ; now, one who looks after winding-machines. bod, ad;., useless, clumsy, inexpert, blundering ; as a #., any person or thing of small use or experience, an amateur repairer. [Origin obscure (N.E.D.).] E.g. (1) 'Duen't giv t' job te Carter, 1'z naut e bod zend (hand) et joinerin.' (2) ' This tuil (tool) 'z te mich ev e boZ te bi onni guid.' bod1, bued1, a bodle, or half-farthing. [prob. OE. b@d, a pledge or token + el, dimin. suff.] When a boy I had a copper 'bodle' which was given to me by my father as a curiosity (about 1865). 'The name continued in circulation for many years, in this district, in such expressions as : (1) 'It isn't worth e b0@/' (2) ' Mi pocket's emti, ther izn't e bod! in? bodi-oil, a bawdy-hole or haunt. [ME. dazdae, wanton ; OFr.] bog, a bug, a bed-insect. cp. W. dog, bwg, a boggerd (1), a boggart, bugbear;

[prob. See

[K.;

Huddersfield Dialect

borl

ghost. [W. bog, big, a spectre + Fr. suff. ard, art.] boggerd (2), dried mucus in the nose. [prob. same origin as (1).] bok, bugk, a balk, beam ; also a ridge of land or turf left by plough- ing. [OE. dala, a heap; beam; cp. ON. dalkr, bralki.] boil, w.v6. See buil. bol (1), w.vd., to bawl, shout. [ON. bauwla, to low as a cow ; to roar.] bol (2), beel, a ball. [Fr. bae//e.] bolsh (1), w.wd., to belch, eructate ; also to burst, to cave in (/rexs.). [ME. be/ken ; OE. bealcian, bxelcan, to utter, to make a noise.] E.g. (1) 'Father, au'v do/sé¢mi blether, lekin et fuitbol.' (2) ° Giv up eitin led, efuer the do/skez thisen.' See bulsh. bom, balm, the herb. [ME. daznze; basime, balsam. (Grk.)] bom-stik. See bam-stik. bonni, ad7., bonny, fine. [Fr. bonne, fem. of don, fair, good.] bonni te mskli, fine to very fair or middling. Said when gauging the merits or qualities of someone or something. Not in common use. bonk, bunk, a retreat, withdrawal; as a verb, to retreat, run off. [prob. Scand.; cp. Swed. bunZe; Icel. bunki, a wooden shelter; hiding-place.] E.g. 'Let's du e bonk efuer t' méester kumz.' bor (1), a burrow, hiding-place. [OE. beorh, a shelter.] bor (2), a block put to a wheel to

hold it from moving. [OE. a security.] bork, berk, a birch tree. [Scand.;

cp. ON. dirki; Dan. birk; also OE. deorc, which gives mod.E. birch.] Borks, a place where birch-trees grow, or used to grow when the name was given. Common in place-names, as Birks, Birks-mill, Birks-wood, Birkby, (?) Birken- shaw, Birk-es (Birk-house), Birken- cliff? (Birchencliffe). borl, w.v5., to burl, to pick the bits out of the face of cloth after weav-

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu = g+u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u; ue, poor; ui, ruin ; a/sodl tl for cl.

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born ing. [OFr. dowril, an end of thread.] See wisk. born, to burn. [OE. beornax.] bothem, bottom. [OE. do/m.] The word also appears in the family- names - - (Bottomley), Ruibothem (Rowbottom), &c. bothemest, -ist, swper/.ad7., bottom- most, lowest. bothersum, bothersome, trouble- some. [Origin of doubtful.] bottl (1), bottil (1) (older form), a bottle. [ME. dotel, Fr. bowteille.] bottl (2), bottil (2), a small bundle of hay or straw. [ME. OFr. botel, a small bundle. See b&et (3)]. boul, a bowl, large dish. [OE. bolla.] bould, boud, ad., bold, daring. [OE. bdeald, bald.] boulster, bouster, a bolster, a long roundish pillow. [OE. boZ/ster = ? bolla + ster.} bout, #.4., bought. See bau. boult, bout, a bolt, a round iron pin or bar. [OE. d0/f, arrow, round stick.] bred, a pointed stick or metal rod. See brod. brad-ol, a broad-awl!, with a chisel

edge. [OE. drad, broad +dwel, sel, an awl. Or = brod + dawel?]

breik, p./., brake, broke. See breik. braendi-snsep, brandy-snap, a thin sticky sweet-cake about three or four inches in diameter, sold especially at feasts or fairs, but containing no brandy ! [? brendrith, a stack-stand ; a wooden frame placed on pillars on which

stacks are placed (E.). [ON. brandreith, a tripod, stand.] breng, older $.4., brought. See

bring. brmess, brass; also the usual name for money of any kind. [OE. brzes, brass-metal.] braost, #.4., burst. See brust. brat, a child's pinafore. [OE. braif, a cloak; cp. W. brat, a rag, a piece of cloth.] breuis, a potage of oat-cakes soaked

H udderspeld Dialect

brid

with hot water and dripping. [ME. browés, OFr. broués, a plural of brou, broth.] braub, a bribe. [ME. and OFr. bribe.]

braud, a bride. [OE. Arya.]

braun, brine, salted water. [OE. bryne.] braur, a brier, thorn. See brier.

brautn, to brighten. See briten. bré, w.v6., to bray ; to beat, pound, thump. [ME. drayex, OFr. breier, to beat, bruise.] E.g. Angry mother to boy: 'Eh, au will ove thi, if the duzn't kum inte th' ees this minnit.' bréd, breid, bried, bled, w.vw5., to 'braid '; to be like, resemble. [OE. bregadan, bréedan, to weave, fold, draw out; or br®dan, to extend; imitate, pretend. Cp. ON. E.g. (1) 'If t' led (bleaz) on iz fzether, i'll bi e bit ev e fuil.' (2) 'The duzn't lauk swit stuff en' puddinz, sez te? The bredz (brigds) e mi then; au lauk summet 'et 's did ev e nauf (died of a brédl, w.vo., to braidle; to twist together. [OE. dregdan, breédan ; cp. ON. bregtha, to brandish, change, braid, &c.] bree, bru (older form), brow, edge of a hill. [OE. 5y#.] . Common as a place-name, e.g. Berry Bree (-Brow), Bree Rued (Brow Road). breen, ad7., brown. [OE. driin, brown, dark.] brown-taitus, the local name for bronchitis (Grk.). breich, brich, a breach. [OE. drece, a breaking.] breid, a wooden shelf, plank. [OE. bred, a surface, plank, table.] breik, p.7/. brek, bruek, br&gk, brokkn, to break. [OE. brecan.] brewerd, a hat-brim. [OE. breord, rim, margin.] brézend, ad;., brazen, bold-faced, impudent. [OE. of brass.] brich, breach. See breich. brid, bried, p.. & $.p. bred, w.vd.,

&, as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see; i, bit ; 0, note ; o, not ; 9, oil; u, brute; u, put ; #u = &+ u;

14

Page 45

brid

to breed. duce.) brid, old form for bird. [OE. ovr/dd.] bried (1), bread, esp. oat-bread or The commoner name for bread is kek (cake). [OE. bread.] bried-ril, a bread-reel, a light, wooden frame with strings across, and slung up in the kitchen under the chamber floor-balks overhead. On it oat-bread was dried, and also the clothes after being washed. [OE. dread + hreol.] bried (2), breid, w.v5., to resemble. [See bred.] E.g. ' Thivz en' doz (thieves and jackdaws) ol briga@'s (breidz) & won enuther ; the'r ol bordz ev e fether.' brier, braur (later form), a brier, thorn. [OE. b7%r, a brier.] A frequent family name is Brearley ; or Brierley, Braurli (later forms). briest, brest (later form), the breast. [OE. bréost.] brieth, breath. [OE. briez, briz, breeze, a strong wind. [OFr. drise.] brigg, a bridge. [OE. Oryceg. Cp. ON. bryggja.] briggz (plur. of the bridge of wooden cross-pieces placed over a bow! or tub in brewing, on which the 'hop-temps ' rested. briks, breeks-the old form for breeches, which reached below the knees. The word is really a double plural, being pl. of OE. 6ra¢, a * breech', and pl. s being added when the plural meaning of brec was lost. brim, w.v5., to be in heat ; said of a sow. [OE. dremman, to rage.] bring, ./ breng, brout (later form), p.p. brung (obsolete), brout, str.-w.vb., to bring. [OE. dringan.] brit, ad7., bright, shining. [ME. bright ; OE. beorkht.]

[OE. to pro-

briten, brauten (late form), to brighten ; to become cheerful. briu, breu, to brew. [OE.

breowan.] brod, breed, a pointed stick of wood

Huddersfield Dialect

brued

or iron, esp. a stack-brod for pin- ning down the thatch of a stack. cp. ON. dyoddr; Dan. brodde, a spike.] brod, w.vo., to prick, prod, urge on. broddl, w.v6., to pick out with a brod or pointed instrument; lit., to prod frequently. (1) ' Th' oud meer (mare) 'z guin slo; broad er on en' mek er gu (2) ' Keen't te get t' thrid (thread) eet? Broddl it eet wi' thi nidl, then.' (3) ' Eh dier! kept drodd/in inte this tlueth (cloth) wol the's med e big oil (hole).' broich, a long pin; a skewer ; hence a broock-so named from its pin. [Fr. droche, a spit, wooden pin.] broich, w.v6., to broach, tap, pierce ; to open. [Fr. drocker.] brok (1), a brock or badger. [OE. broc; cp. W. brock, and ON. brokkr, a badger.] Brockholes, a village near Honley, probably so called as meaning ' badger-holes '. brok (2), a little insect embedded in the white 'froth' often found on plants. [prob. OE. droc, a dis- ease.]

Note. The saying 'Au swiet lauk e brok' may have arisen either from the 'habit' of this insect, or from the fact that a brok or badger, having its home in the river, is always wet when seen.

brokkn, #.., broken. See breik. brued, ad;., broad, wide. [ME. brood; OE. brad.] The word occurs also in local place-names, as Prugd Uek (Broad Oak), Brugd Stuenz (Broad Stones), and in surnames, as Prz#e@dbert (Broad- bent), (Broadley), Brugd- yed and Broded (Broadhead).

Note. Comparing with these the names Bradford, Bradley, Bradshaw, which as far as I can gather, have never been pronounced Pr#gd . .., it seems as if the two prefixes brad- and brugd- have different origins, not the same one as is commonly supposed.

eg, pear; ei, reign; gu = ie, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil; ou = o+u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; aZso dl for gl ; tl for cl.

15

Page 46

bruid

bruid, a brood or chickens, &c. [ME. brod; OE. bro0d, a brood.] bruid, w.v5., to brood over, ponder moodily, to meditate as a hen seems to do over her eggs. bruil, w.v6., to broil, swelter. [OFr. bruiller, to boil, roast.] E.g. ' This wether z te bruilin te work in it; au'm been tg 7Z-ewe (stop work) su ez au sheen't me/? ewe.' bruk, a brook, stream. The word is seldom used though, to denote a stream : @az#é is the common name. But as a surname Brook or Brooke is very common in South Yorkshire-more so than else- where, probably. [ME. brook; OE. broc, a stream.] brussl, a bristle, hair. [ME. orisiZe, berstie, dim. of OE. byrst, a bristle.] For change of byr, ber to brx, cp. brust. brust, #.5. braest, #.p. brussn, s¢.v6., to burst. [ME. bdersifen, bresten; OE. derstan.] E.g. A common comment. on a person very con- ceited about hIS knowledge is, '1'z feer bruss» wi' wit'. bruttl, ad;}., brittle, easily broken. [ME. drotel, brutel; cp. OE. bréo- tan, bryttan, to break ON. br70ta, to break. ] bu, bee, a bough. See bee. bued, p.7., bode, bided. See baud. buek a balk. See bok. buen, a bone. [OE. 6i#.] buer (1,) a boar, male pig. bar.] buer (2), w.v5., to bore, pierce. [ME. dorien ; OE. borian; cp. ON. bora, to pierce.] buer (3), $.5., bore, carried. See beer. buerd, a board. [ME. bord, OE. bord ; cp. ON. borth.] buerder, a border, edge. bordure ; OF r. boydeiire.] buern borne (carried), born. See, beer. buest, a boast, bragging. bost ; bost.] buet, a boat. [OE. 5@/, boat.]

[OE.

[ME.

[ME.

&, as a in glad ; &, far ; i, bit ;

Dialect

au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 6, note; o, not; o, oil; u, brute; u, put; su= 6

I

buis-oil buet-lued, [OE. bat + lad.] bueth, ad7;., prox., both. [ME.baike; ON. bathzr, both cp. OE. 04, both.] buevi, buvi, a pet child. [perh. Scand. ; cp. ON. 6#/é, live stock, esp. milch kine.) buffit, a low stool, -formerly with three legs, but now a stool of any kind. [Origin unknown. (N.E.D.).] bugth, size, bigness; bulk. [Formed from ME. big, bigge, large, &c., or provincial E. dwg, boastful, by addition of noun suff, Of obscure origin like dig itself.] E.g. (1) 'That big chep thier 'll bi strong inuf,-if dzg/Z ez out te gue bau (aught to judge by) (2) 'Wich e yo tu ledz ez t' biggist laur (liar)?' 'Nother on ez, mester,-we'r bueth ebeet e dzg/Z.' Note. Prof, Wright in his Grammar of the Windhill Dialect! gives (= bulk, size), from ME. ON. bulki, a heap, mass.

buil,

a - boat-load.

w.vb., to boil. [Fr. dowillir.] g. (1): au si zenniboddi pellm e little dog lauk thee sez 1 did, it méks mi wi' maxed (anger).' (2) te duild t' waetter yet fer ez tig? It's tig- taum.' buin (1), a boon, favour, gift, properly a petition. [ME. Goze; ON. boz a petition.] E g. 'Wen ¢ maen fevverz thi wi' givin thi summet fer nout, au kol that e dvis-tha'll kol it e bit e gries (grease-- wheedling).' buin (2), a cow-stall (E.). [Scand. ; cp. ON . biia, to dwell, abide, pre- pare, and S##inx, prepared.] buis, buiz, a manger, crib, stall. [OE. 65s, bosig, a manger, &c.; or ON. bas, a stall.] buis-oil, a boose-hole ; a cow- stall. E.g. Fond father in arm- chair, opening wide his knees to receive his crying child into the space, exclaims : ' Kum inte t' oil, little mutti- kof."

1, see ;

Page 47

buis-siel

buis-sigl, a rope or chain to fasten a cow in its stall. [OE. dis 4+sa/, s%!, a rope.] buit (1), boot, remedy, advantage. [OE. profit.] E.g. 'Au swaept th' kee (cow) fer e orse, en' au gev ten shillin te ozi/.' buit (2), a boot, a covering for the foot. [ME. dote; OFr. bote.] buith (th = dh), a booth, dwelling, stall, shop. [ME. do¢Zze; ON. a dwelling.] Common both as a surname and a place-name: Booth, Boothroyd. buk, a book; pl. 24s. pl. bee.] buk, a buck, male goat, deer, &c.; hence a dandy, fine fellow. [OE. bucca, a he-goat ; cp. ON. biukkr.] buk-stik, a buck-stick, fine fellow, swaggerer. [See stik.] bullé, bulli, w.v6d., to bow!, trundle, or roll anything round along the ground-asa child's hoop, a marble, stone, &c. [OFr. bozw/er, to roll, bowl, &c.] E.g. (1) ' Muther, let mi gue en' bz//z mi bzZ///-bege? on t' kosi e bit wol t' dinner'z reddi.' (2) ' Them laedz ez bz//zd sum muer big stuenz deen th'ill inte yar yerd.' bullé, bulli, short for bulli-beel, a bully-bowl or child's hoop; lit., a bowl to bully. [OFr. boule, a round thing.] See beel. bulsh, bolish (2), w.v5., to bruise, to knock a dent in something-as a can, fruit, &c. [prob. a variant of bulge in its sense of ' to stave in the bottom of a ship'; bfige, the bottom of a ship. See N.E.D.] E.g. 'Them azpplez wer wol enz (whole ones) wen au started, but the'n gettn ol wr uggin (carrying) em i' t' bieskit.' Cp. bolsh (1). bun (1), $.#., bound, compelled. [See baund.] E.g. 'Tha'll bi br» te gue, nee the 'z promised.' bun (2), part.ad}., bound, intending to go. [See been.] E.g. 'Neq led, wier cer te duz for te de? bunt, w.vo., to carry bunts, or bundles of cloth to market.

[OE. doc,

Huddersfietd Dialect

chaff

[Scand. ; cp. Swed. bxz#/, Dan. bundt, a bundle.] bup, w.v5., a child's word for to sp or drink. busk, w.v5., to get ready; hasten, hurry ; to hustle, drive out. Also to go about from place to place singing and playing for money. [ON. ditask, to get one's self ready ; reflexive form of bifa, to prepare, &c.] E. g. (1) 'Busk thisén ; it 's taum te bi off.! (2) 'Them enz (hens) ez reit taursem; au'v te busk em eet e' th'ees monni e taum i' t' de.' (3) 'Wier'z yoer 'Eh, iz guen 1 duséizs reend wi' sum muer laedz.' ' but, bet, con;., but. [OE. biitan, biite = be + iite = but, without.] See beet. butt, a prop, support, buttress. [ME. butten,to thrust; OFr. boter, bouter.] a rather frequent word occurring in local family names and place-names, e. g. Butterley, Butter- field, Butter Nab, Buttershaw, Butterworth. [J. H. Turner in his ' Yorkshire Place-names in Domes- day Book' suggests origin either bur-tree, alder-tree, or OE. botel, a dwelling.] butti, a butty ; helper, deputy, aider and abettor, partner. ['Shortened from bofty-felowe or booty-fellow, one who shares booty with others.' From boty, old spelling of Fr. dutin, booty (Skt.).] E.g. (1) A working-partner in a coal-pit is called a 'butty'. (2) In games, a player who, instead of striving for himself, assists another player un- fairly, is said to be ' lékin dxi/f? '. buzzerd, a butterfly of any kind is often so called, but especially a big moth. [prob. OFr. a kind of hawk ; also applied to one kind of moth,-the buzzard-moth.]

CH, ch

chzfi, chafflie, the jaw, esp. the lower jaw of a horse. [OE. the jaw.]

eg, pear ; ei, reign ; gu = ig, pier; iu, few ; og, boar; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; aZso dl for gl ; tl for cl.

$280

17

D

Page 48

chaxffl-bit

chzffi- bit, the mouth-bit of a bridle. chsens, chsent, the 'polite' local pronunciation of ckaxce, ckant. See chons, chont. chsp, a chap, a familiar word for a man,-a shortened form of eZap- man. [OE. céap-man, one who buys and sells.] chsvyvil, w.v5., to quarrel, wrangle ; grumble. [OFr. cavi//er.] E.g. 'Wen them tu'z tegether the(y) sim te du nout nobbet Aszevui/; en' yet thi se out (aught) egien other on em te t' tuther, en' i'll ev iz fists up te feit thi directli.' charks, cracks in the skin ; chil- blains. [OE. cearcian, to crack; to chatter, creak.] charki, chirpy, talkative ; also irritable. E.g. 'E boddi ken nier tell eg te txzk oud Ned e Juez; sumtaumsz i'll bi en' cherpi, en' sumtaumz en' fraechi.' chaud, chéd, w.vo., to chide, scold ; quarrel. [ME. cAiden; OE. cidan, to chide.] chauld, child. [OE. ci/d, a child.] Note. O. E. cild was neuter gender, and the neuter pronoun i? is still always used in the dialect in referring to a child. E. g. Mother to crying child : ' Wau then, lov ! Duz it krau 'kos t' pin prikt it leg? Kum te if maxzmmi then, en' let it maxmmi nurs i? ¢ bit.' chaun, a chine, esp. of pork. [OFr. eschine, Fr. échine, backbone.] chauni, chéeni, china-ware, esp. cups, saucers, plates. chaus, choice. The older form of the word. [ME. céhois ; OFr. cots.] E. g.' I (he) gx mi nue ckazs ; au's x' te gue wilti shalti.' See chiusg. chéed, chid, chided. See chaud. cheens, and cheent. See chons, chont. cheerj, w.v5., [Fr. charger.] Cheerlz, Chel, Cheéeli, all dialect forms for Charles. [Fr. CéAarles; Ger. Carl.] cheerm, charm. [OFr. cZarme.] chein, a chain. [OFr. céaize.] cheks, checks, a game played by

to charge.

Hudderspeld Dialect

chin-pau children with a number of small cubes and a 'bouncing marble}, all made of pot. [OFr. chelp, chellep, w.v5., to yelp. [prob. a variant of yelp, from OE. gi/pan or gie/lpan, to boast, talk loudly; but cp. ON. g7@/pa, to yelp.) chelter, w.v5., to clot (of blood), to stiffen. [Origin uncertain.] chéni, china-ware. chep, chiep, ad7., cheap, at a low price. [ME. cZep, cheep; OE. ceap, price.] chst, chiet, & p.p., chéted, chieted, and chet (older form), w.vb., to cheat, deceive, [ME. chete, escheat ; OFr. eschet, rent, forfeit.] 'The medieval escheaters, or collectors of rent, were often cheaters; hence the verb." (Skt.) chet, cheated. See above. cheu, chou, w.v5., to chew. [ME. chewen ; OE.. cGowan.] cheusz, cheuz and chuez, #.p. chozzn, to choose. [ME. chesen ; OE. céosan.} See chiuz. E.g. 'Waxt »r te chunterin at? Bikqoz au'v cZozzanr this ier? Wau, the sed au ked cAgezz (or cAizz) wich au laukt, sue au c/ezs (or chugs) t biggist, ev kuers !' chier, a chair. [ME. ckaire; OFr. chaiere.] chiet, see chet. childer, children; A/. of chauld. [OE. cildru, pl. of cild.]} E..g. A certain cheery, rosy-faced grand- mother, with a child on her knee, once replied to an inquisitive visitor : ° Ee monni cAi/der av au zd, sen yo? Well, yo ken rekkn em up fer yersén-it's 1ezi inuf. Au wer th'oudist (oldest) e Zex childer 'et mi muther ad, en' wen u did (she died), au zd em ol te bring up. Then wen au get wed, au zd ex e mi on (my own), en' nee this ier'z t' sir? gronchauld au'v nurst-en' eh, izn't u e bonni less? Just luk zt er !' chimbli, chimli, a chimney. cheminée.] chin-pa@u, chin-pie, so called ; a

[Fr.

&, as a in glad; a, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen; o, her ; 1, see ; i, bit ; 6, note; o, not; 9, oil; u, brute; u, put; su = 8

I

Page 49

chist

rubbing of a boy's chin by another boy's hand until glowing hot: said to make the hairs grow. Another way to promote the growth was bearading or rubbing the chin with a man's stubbly beard. chist, kist, a chest, box. [OE. ON. chit, w.v5., to cheet, to make a shrill, piercing sound. [prob. an imita- tive word.] chitlinz, the longer intestines of a pig, which, when cooked, are re- garded by some as toothsome food. [Origin uncertain; in some parts called chitter/ings.] chiuz, older chguz and chuez, .p. chozzn, to choose. [See chgusz.] chiuz-ee, chuz-eg, shuz-ee, & con., choose-how, however, in any case. chiuz-waet, chuz-wat, shuz-waet, choose-what, whatever. E.g.'Au'st im du that job, i duz it, en' cAhrz-waet i sez. chobbl, w.v5., to gobble, eat up quickly. [prob. a variant of cZ0p, or of gobble.) E..g. 'Th' dog 'z chobbid o\ thet meit up bi nee.' chok, chalk. [ME. ; OE. ceale.] chok, adv., chock, quite, completely. [Of uncertain origin, but cp. OIcel. kok, the gullet.] E.g. (1) 'Au'v chok dun mi wark, nee. (2) *ZEr te taurd?' 'Caok!' (3) 'Au'm chok stold (or chok full) ev iz silli tok (talk).' chomber, older pronunciation of chamber. [Fr. cZkambre.]

Note. Chambers, older Chombers, is a fairly frequent family name locally. It probably comes from cAoneberers, at- tendants on the rooms of a large hall or house of some kind,.

chomp, w.v5., to champ, chop with

the teeth. [prob. of imitative origin.] chonj, choinj (1), change. [Fr. change.] chonj (2), w.vo., to change. [Fr.

changer.] E.g. 'Kaen yo chonj

Huddersfield Dialect

daft

mi e sovrin? au'm badli wantin sum coin} (or cheng).

chons, chons, cheens, ch&ens, chance. [ME. ckeawnce; OFr. cheance.]

chons-chauld, an illegitimate child. chonsil, chonsil, a chancel. chancel, an enclosure.] chont, chont, chsnt, a chant. [ME. chaunte ; OFT. chante, a song.] chor, w.v5., to churr, to make a bubbling sound. [prob. to murmur.] chor-wies1l, a whistle with a 'churr' in it. E.g. One boy to another: ' Au'v gettn e better wissl ner thi ; maun 'll chorch, choch, church. See kork. choul, the jowl, jaw. [ME. céaz/; OE. ceafl ; see chozzn, #.p., chosen. See cheug, and chiuzg. chuek, w.vo., to choke. [ME. choken, cheoken ; OE.. (a) céocian ; but cp. ON. to gulp, from kok, the gullet (Skt.).] chuek-chikkin ! choke-chicken ! A mother's exclamation as she tries to soothe her child when coughing. chuez. See cheuz. chuff, w.v6., to make light of, as by uttering 'chu !'; to pooh-pooh. [An imitative word.] (1) ' Wen au telld im mi tel, 1 it ewe en' sed au wer driemin.' (2) ' Mi fxether cZufs et th' nueshen et i 'z di-in (at the notion that he's dying).' chuk, w.v5., to chuck, pitch, throw with a jerk. [Fr. to shock, jolt.] chunter, w.v5., to grumble, mutter. [prob. of imitative formation (N.E.D.).] chuz-ege, chuz-wat ; see chiuzg.

D, d

'd, contraction for Aad, should, and would. dsft, adj., daft, silly, foolish. [prob. OE. ge-dsefte, mild, gentle, meek. (Skt.)]

eg, pear ; ei, reign ; qu ig, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; aZso dl forgl ; tl for cl.

19

Page 50

deg

dsg, deg (?), w.vd., to dag, sprinkle with water. cp. ON. dogg, dew, moisture ; Swed. dagga, to bedew.] Now rarely used. dsegger, dagger. Used in exclama- tions as a substitute for 'devil'. E.g. (1) 'The dagger it is!} (2) 'Wat the dazgger duz te want ?' dasggl, w.vo., to become wet, to be- foul ; to trail in the wet or dirt; to hang loose, dangle. [Frequenta- tive verb. See dag.] dsl, w.v5., a mild substitute for adamnare. dasem, a dam, pool, large pond. [OFries. @a», a mound, bank ; cp. Olcel. dammr; and cp. OE. Jor-demman, to shut up, dam up.] dsm-steks, dam-stakes, a kind of weir formed across a stream or river by large wooden stakes driven into the bed and blocked up by stones, clay, &c., in order to Zan: up the water and pour it along a goit, or large gutter, into a mill- pool. dsendi-kok, and dsndi-en, names given to bantam fowls-termed dandies because small and gay in colour. [Fr. Zexadin, a fop, gaily dressed person.] See dondi. dar, p.7. dard, dar, dorst ; late p.p. dard, irreg.v6., to dare, venture. [ME. dar, p.t. dorste; OE. *dur- ran.] darsn't, dorsn't, zeg. of dar, durst not. dau, w.v5., to dye, to colour, stain. [ME. deyen; OE. deagian, to dye, {from OE. déak, dye.] dauk, a dyke, stream, small river. [OE. dic, a trench, ditch ; also a bank formed by trenching.] E.g. ' Yar Tom's foin inte t en'z gettn ommest dreended.' daul, dial, sun.-dial,. [ME. dial; Lat.] daut, diet, regulated food. [ME. diete; OFr.diete, daily fare. E.g. < If the wants te get wil, nier id th' dokter,-a@azt thisén.' _ dauy, p.7. duev, dev, dauvd ; p..

Hudderspeld Dialect

deim

divyn, dauvd ; to dive, plunge. [ME. diver, duven ; OE. deofan, diifan, later dyfan.} ' Au dugyv streit inte t' dip watter ; tha siz au'v a@ivvz thier monni e taum efuer.' deen, prep. & adv., down. [Short form of OE. of-diéire, downwards.] deen, w.v5., to down in weaving, to finish a web or fixed length of warp in a loom. deern, w.v6., to darn, cover a hole in a texture. [prob. from ME. dernen, to hide, conceal; OE. aerne, dierne, dyrne, secret, hidden.] deert, a dart. [ME. dert; O.Fr. dart; cp. OE. daroth, dart.] dees, to douse, to push some. thing under water, to dash water on something. [prob. Scand.; cp. Norw. difis, a push, blow (Skt.).] E.g. 'Th' shed (wood-shed) get efaur, bet au eges/ it eet wi' e bukkit e waetter.' deet (1), w.vo., to dout, put out, ex- tinguish. [Short for 'do out'; from OE. 45x, to do, put + #¥, out.] Cp. don, doff. deet (2), w.vo., to doubt. [ME. douten, OFt. douter. (Lat.)] deil, diel, delt, deild, w.v5., to deal, share out; bargain, treat with. [ON. Zeila, to deal, share.] See diel (vo.). E.g. (1) ' Deil t' keerdz eet, it's thau torn nee.' (2) 'Let mi weil (or digl) wt t' chap, au no (know) ee te " best " im.' (3) 'Au'v dei/d (or delt) wi' thet grueser (grocer) fer monnie yer, en' au'v olis fun (found) im streit (honest).' deil, diel, a deal, an exchange or barter, bargain. [ON. @ei?//, dole.] E.g.,. 'Au méd e guid deil 1 t markit te-dé' 'Well, au'v ad monni e war Zez?l misén, sue let's gue en' ev e "drop" er tu et th' See diel (x.). deim (1), diem, w.v5., to deem, judge, condemn. [ME. deme ; OE. déman, to judge, doom; cp. ON. dzema.) E.g. (1) ' Au digmd im e bed suert ev e chap wen au

&, as a in glad; &a, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see ; i, bit ; 0, note; o, not ; 9, oil; u, brute ; u, put ; su =

20

Page 51

deim

so im th' forst taum.' (2) ' The noz Bill g Ned'z? Well, 1'z bin traud et th' sauzez, en' weimed to six munths i' prizn.' (3) 'Th' oud kee'z vaerri puerli; au'm fled u's aeimd te di. deim (2), dem, w.v5., to aim, intend. [prob. a contracted form of Za@ aimed; see eim, em.] E.g. (1) ' Au deimd (= 1 had aimed ?) te get wom bifuer dark, bet au wer te taurd.' (2) 'They «@emd (= they had aimed ?) te get muer braess fer th' ees bi e lot ner they did du.' dein, dien, den, a dene or dean, a deep valley. [OE. E. g. ' They livn of-wé (half-way) up th' dein. A common word in proper names; e.g. Dean, Deanhouse, Deanhead; Den- holm, Denby; Hebden, Luddenden, Sugden, Woffenden or Wolfenden, &c.

delf(t) (1), brown and white earthen. ware, so called because first made at Delft in Holland. delf-kes, delft-case, a wooden frame- work containing shelves to hold delft-ware. Also called delf-rgk. delf (2), a stone-quarry. [OE. ZeZ/, a digging.] delv, w.v6., to delve, dig. [ME. delven ; OF.. deifan|. delver, a delver, worker in a stone- quarry. [OE. de/fere.] dam, to aim. See deim (2). demmik, a disease of farm-animals, and of potatoes. [Short for Zpz- demic, a word of Greek origin.] désent, digsent (later form), aa;., decent, respectable, upright, clean. [ME.; OFr. decent.] déetliss, ad;., dateless, stupid ; stupe- fied, dazed, without memory. [From the analogy of a deed or letter which, without date, is legally useless.] E.g. (1) 'Wat zr te duin nee, thee gret kof (calf)?' (2) 'Wen th' tri (tree) fell on mi yed, it med mi feer @éZZiss fer e waul (while).' deu, dew. [OE. dedw.] deus, the deuce, or two, in cards. [Fr. deux, two.] An old saying is:

Huddersfield Dialect

diem

' Ther 'z luk under t' to soften the disappointment of draw- ing a two instead of an ace. dev, duev, p.¢., dived. See dauv. déezi, ad7., dizzy, giddy, dazed. [OE. dysig ; cp. Swed. dasa, to lie idle; Olcel, dZasinn, lazy, dasask, to daze oneself.] Note. The word dizzy was not used in the older dialect,-always dest or méezi, as in the children's rime: ' Degn, degen, dezi, Me mi mest, said while turning quickly round and round in endeavour- ing to become giddy.

di, w.v5., to die, lose life. [ME. dyen, deyen; ON. deyja.|} E.g. ' Cheerlz zz e reer zppitaut fer out et's guid, bet i lauks t' best summet 'et 's aid ev e nauf (knife).' dib, dsb, w.v6., to dip, to dab, push lightly. [OE. «yppar, to dip.] E.g.,. ' Dib (@sed) thi fingerz in, te fil if it's tg wot.' dibbl, dibbler, a tool to make holes in the ground for plants. [OE. dyppan, to dip or dib.] See thaubl. diddl, w.v5., to cheat, deceive. [prob. OE. Zyderian, with interchange of ? and 7. died, adj., dead. [ME. deed ; OK. dead.

dief, adj., deaf. [ME. deef; OE. deaf] . diel, deil (sometimes), a deal, por- tion, share; a lot, large amount ; also an exchange or barter, a bar- gain. [ME. deel; OE. dszxl, a share ; but cp. ON. Zei/Zl, a dole, &c.]

Note. I don't remember having heard deil as a noun except in the sense of exchange, barter; but it is in frequent use as a verb.

See deil (x.). E.g. 'E digl (not deil) e fuek*'; 'e @ze/ on 't's rottn. diel, deil, $.7. delt, to deal out, share ; to bargain, treat with. [OE. dxlan; cp. ON. deila, to deal, share.] See deil (w.). diem, w.v5., to deem, judge. deim (1).

See

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu ig, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ;

oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

Page 52

dien

dien, a dene or dean ; valley. See dein. diep, dip, adj., deep. OE. Zdeop, deep.] diern, diern-puest, a door-post, gate-post. [Scand.; cp. OSwed. dyrni; Norw. dyrn, a door-post.] dierth, dearth, scarcity. [ME. derthe, deatness, formed from ME. dere, OE. deore, dyre, dear ; cp. OIcel. Zyr, dear.] diesent, ad;. See désent. dieth, death. [ME. OE. death.] dig, & pp. dug, diggd, w.v6., to dig. [ME. diggen ; Fr. diguer, to make a dyke, trench, or bank. Cp. OE. dician.] dik, a dick, or leather apron (E.). See dikki (1). dikki (1), a linen shirt-front covering the chest. [prob. OE. ( ge)decazx, to cover ; cp. Dutch to cover.] dikki (2), a child's name for a louse. [prob. from Dicky = Richard.] dill, w.vd., to lull a child. [Scand. ; cp. OIcel, @r//a, to lull.] E.g. (1) ' Dill t' chauld e bit, wol au wesh up; it's nobbet taursum te-de.' (2) (Iz oud muther wants a@/iZ/liz lauk e chauld.' dill-wastter, dill-water, a kind of soothing medicine for children. din, the usual dialect word for noise. [OE. dyzx, clamour.] E.g. (1) ' Old thi Ziz, bxbbi, thae'r olis krau-in.' (2) ° Wen i toks i feer sheets en' fills t' reem wi' Ziz." (3) Tha me': muer Zz wi thi tok, ner e faektri- wissl (than a factory-whistle).' direktli, a@v., directly, soon, in a short time-seldom in the sense of 'at once'. [Lat.] E.g. (1) Wet e bit, i'll (he will) finish it (2) ' Kum inte th' ees, laed.' 'Au'll kum in muther, wen au'v lekt e bit longer.' dither, w.v5., to shiver, shake, trem- ble. [A phonetic variant of ME. dideren, to tremble; prob. connected with OE. Zydrian, to

deceive.] divvl, diul, devil. [OE. Zeofol.]

[ME. deep ;

Dialect

dleid

N.B. Words with initial gl- have the gl- pronounced as di- in this dialect, and therefore are so spelt here :

dlz&ed, ad7., glad, pleased; bright, smooth, slippery. [OE. g/zed, glad, cheerful, lively ; shining, bright; cp. Du. glad, slippery.] E.g. (1) 'Au'm reit thee lauks it.! (2) 'This nobbet d/zed (rather slippery) this moernin, thru (owing to) t' childer slqrrin on t' sno." dlsemmi, a@7., glammy, noisy, loud- talking. [prob. ON. g/am, noise.] Not in use now, but I have heard the word used, esp. as a nickname for a man who habitually talked loudly-not, by the way, an un- common habit in the West Riding. dlsmmer, w.v5., to talk noisily. ai7., glazen, made of glass. [OE. gizes, glass ; gizesen, made of glass.] dlszn, to glaze; to work in glass. [ME. glasex, to glaze.] dlaezner, a worker in glass, a glazier. Almost obsolete. dlaud, glued, gléd ; si7r.p.$., gliddn ; w#.p.¢. & p.p., glauded, to glide, slip along; said of one thing, e.g. a stone, gliding over another. [OE. g/idan.] Not much used ; sZazd is the usual term in use. dled, a gled, an almost obsolete name for a hawk or kite. Still found in proper names, as Gledhill, Gled- holt. [OE. gleoda, glida ; cp. Icel. gletha.] dleg, dlou, to glow, burn brightly. [cp. OE. g/owan, and ON. g/da, to glow.] See dleu. dleem, dluem, gloom. [OE. g/a».] dleemi, dluemi, a@;., gloomy, sullen. [OE. glomig.] dleer, to glower, stare at fiercely. [cp. ON. g/ora, and Du. glitren, to stare.] E.g. ! It dleera zt mi, fit te eit mi.' dleid (1), dlied, a glede, a glowing ember. [OE. g/2d.] Note. Dleid is also Scottish.

&, as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; a, mate; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see ; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u = &+ u;

22

Page 53

dleid

dleid (2), a girl full of mischievous fun, a romp. [Origin uncertain.] E. g. 'That lass ez e regiler d/eid ; u'z olis rompin' ebeet 1 mischif ; u out te e bin e lad." dleim, a gleam. See dliem. dlein, to glean. See dlien. dleu, w.vwo., to stare hard, glower, look fiercely at. [prob. OE. g/owas, to glow, burn brightly ; cp. ON. gloa, to glow.] E.g. ' Wen au sed thet, th' men feer glewx@ xt mi, just lauk e medmen.' dli, w.vo., to glee, look sideways, squint. cp. Swed. g/fa; OIcel. g/ira, to glance, squint.] dliem, dleim, a gleam, beam of light. [OE. gizem.] dlien, dlein, w.v5., to glean corn. [ME. glenen ; OFr. glener, glaner.] dloppen, w.v5., to gloppen, to frighten, surprise, amaze, disgust. (E.) [Dutch g/oepex, to dismay ; OIcel. gZopna, to stupefy.] dlued, p.., glided. See dlaud. dluem, dluemi. See dleem. dluet, to gloat, stare, gaze with passionate delight. [Scand.; cp. OIcel. g/ot/a.] dlumpi, ac7., glumpy, sullen, glum. [ME. glomben, to look gloomy.] dluv, a glove. [OE. g70/.] ao, old 4.4. don, w.v5., to daw, thrive, become fit or strong. [ON. Zzga, to be strong; cp. OE. to avail.] E.g. 'Dokter, mau led 'z reit puerli; i didn't @a se wil ol t' lest winter, en' sin t' Niu Yer i'z nuen 4or (or dod) e bit." dob, w.vo., to daub, smear. [ME. dauben ; OFrt. dauber, to plaster.] dob, dobbi, dobbin, a pony, small horse. [prob. variants of the proper names Robdix, diminutives of Robert.] Dod, Dued, a nickname or pet name for George. dodi, doidi (1), a dowdy, an over- dressed person, esp. female. [prob. from - OlIcel. @i#/kf, swaddling clothes, to wrap up.] E.g. (1) ' Tha'r e the thinks e nout naut faun kluez.' (2) ' Yar

Hudderspeld Dialect

don

Mary maks e regler dod? (doid?) e their Lizzebeth, givin' er ol them kluez.' See doi. doff, w.v6., short form for do off, i. e. put off. See don. doi, a pet word for a child = joy'. Cp. dodi. Note. Professor Wright in Wind- hill Dialect' says that the word ' gives a clue to the explanation of the change ' in the pronunciation of that and several other words beginning with the voiced ; sound : George (Dod, Dued), Joe, Joah (Dug), Joseph (Duezi). These changed names ¢ must originally have been used in addressing children only, just as " doi" still is, and then afterwards become used for grown-up persons'.

doidi (2), another form of doi. doji, duefi, ad7., sticky like dougA ; half-baked. See duef. dollem, a confused heap of stuff, a mess. [cp. OE. Zwolma, chaos; but etymology uncertain.] dollem, w.v6., to tumble things in a heap ; to handle and ' thumb ' meat on a butcher's stall ; to soil or dirty things. E.g. (1) 'Thae'z gettn ol t' mukki tluez inte e regler ao//em ; the mun suert em eet efuer thae weshez im.' (2) 'Au keen't konsét (fancy) t' meit thre thet ; i lets iz kustumerz @Zo//em: t' joints ebeet sue.' dollep, a lump of dirt, a heap, a piece of anything. [Scand.; cp. Norw. dolip, a lump.] E.g. (1) ° Wol au wer weshin, e ZoZ/ep e muk fell inte t' tub.' (2) * Wat's te ao/lept ol t' fxt on te mau plét (my plate) for? Gi thisén dolli (1), a doll. [From Do// or Dolly = Dorothy, a girl's name.] dolli (2), a long wooden instrument used in washing, called also a ' peggy ', and a 'maiden': all three being girls' names. don, w.v6., a short form for do on, or put on, hence to dress. [Con- tracted from o + oz, as dof = do +

eg, pear ; ei, reign ; qu = g+u; ig, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ug, poor; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl; tl for cl.

23

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dond up

off; degt or dout = do + out.] See vb. du. dond up, dressed up in one's best clothes. E.g. ' That chap keen't x' te work mich, 1'z olis #p ez if 1 wer been te t' chorch.' dondi, a dandy, an overdressed person-especially a female. [Fr. dandin, a fop.] See dsendi-kok. dondl, w.v6., to dandle a child by lifting it up and down. [prob. imitative word, Cp. Ital. Zondolare, to swing.] donjer, dénjer (late form), danger. [Pronunciation and derivation both from ME.daungere; OFr. dangier.] dons, dons (older form), a dance. [ME. Zaunce; OFr. dont, dont (older form), w.v5., to daunt, dismay, subdue. [ME. daunten ; OFr. donter, danter.] dorm, w.v5., to sleep, doze. [Fr. dormir; Lat. dormire, to sleep.] E. g. ' Wier'z mi muther?' 'Ush! er thae'll waekkn er! _ U'z Zornein e bit 1' th' rokkin-chier.' droff, draeffs, the dregs or refuse of barley-grains after malting. [ME. draf; Olcel. draf, dregs.] drau, ad7., dry ; empty; also quaintly humorous. [OE. Zri'ge, ari, dry.] drau-spokkn, part.ad;., dry-spoken, apt to speak with dry humour-as, for example, a certain well-known 'local character'. While taking a walk he met a tramp who accosted him with : ' Hey, mester, au'm reit ard up; ken yq elp mi? Au'v bin on t' rued ol this day.' Answer: ' Well! the mun wok on t' fer e change.' drauit, drait, draut, drét, a draught, a long drink-of ale, &c.; also a draught or current of air. [ON. drattr, draught, what is drawn.] E. g. (1) ' That él luks guid wi' ol thet yed on ; let 's zy en odd wi' thi." (2) °Ee keen t' faur born, mun, wen the'r'z nue Zr2f (@razi) up th' chimli ?' drauvy, p.i. dreéev, drivyn, sizr.vo., to drive. arifan.]

druév, p.p. [OE.

Hudderspeld Dialect

dresser

dregnd, dregen, p.7. & p.p. dregended, w.vb., to drown. [ME. drounen, drunen, with strengthening 4 added ; Scand.; cp. MDan. @rwZne, drougne, drovne ; Olcel. drukna, to sink, drown.] See druffn. E.g. 'Wen th' oud kat kitlinz, wi olis Zreguden ol bet won, en' kip that fer luk te t' muther.' dreet, drought, a period (days) of dry weather. [ME. ZrouAte ; and see druft.] E.g. 'It's bin e long dregt this yer (1925); it's ebiun six wiks olreddi, en' izn't dun wi' yet.' dreezi, ad}., drowsy, sleepy. driisian, to be sluggish.] drein, to drain, strain, draw out. [OE. ZreAnigean, drehnian, to draw out, strain.] drein, a drain, sewer, &c. dreiz (1), dreusz, w.v6., to fall, drip. [OE. Zréosan, to fall ; drip, drop.] E. g. (1) 'Th' speet's (spout) kraekt, en' th' ren Zrieszez (dreuzgz) deen t' wol-saud.' (2) ' Au get wit (got wet), wi stzendin' under t' drewzsinz thre th' ees-eivz (from the house- eaves).' dreiz (2), w.vo., to drag a large bundle of long twigs over young grass in spring to raise and clean it. [prob. Fr. dresser, to raise.] drék, w.vo., to drawl in talking. [prob. variant of but cp. OK. dragan, to drag, draw.] See drét, gers-dréek. Note. The speech of the dialect, fifty years ago and beyond, was much more leisurely than now, and a (or drétin) voice wag much commoner. All the adult people whom I remember as living in my boyhood spoke much more deliberately than any one does now. The vowel-sounds were espe- cially prolonged, and thus '(draking' was more noticeable. The speeding- up of social life in these years has had its effects on dialect-speech.

[OE.

dresser, a dressing-table with drawers, standing usually in the living-room of a cottage. Upon it often all kinds of small household

&, as a in glad ; &, far ; au, form ; é, mate; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see ; i, bit; 6, note; o, not ; 9, oil; u, brute ; u, put ; su = &+ u;

24

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dret

things find place. [OFr. dresser, to erect, set up, dress.] dret (1), a draught, current of air. See draut. drét (2), w.vo., to drawl in talking. The word has the same meaning as drék, but is not so often used now. [cp. ON. Zraita.] dreuz, w.v5.; see dreiz (1). drév, druev, p.7., drove. See drauy. dri, ad7., dree, tedious, wearying- dreary. [ME. drery ; OE. dréorig, sad.] E. g. 'It's dri wark norsin' bedriddn fuek.' dried, w.v6., to dread, fear. [OE drsdan, to fear.] driem, a dream, vision. [ME. Zreen:; OE. *dréam.] driep, w.v6., to droop, hang down, drop. [OE. dreopan, to drop; cp. OIcel. @riipa, to droop.] drij, w.v6., to dredge, sprinkle, scat- ter. [OFr. dragée, mixed barley and oats, which was sown by scat- tering about.] drijer, a dredger, a tin box with pierced lid for dredging flour, &c. drink, $.. drank, p.p. drunkn, drunk, to drink. [OE. drincan.} See druffn. drinkin, drinking-time, nowadays especially tea-time.

The ale-luncheon in the forenoon was called ' th' fornuin drinkin'' ; later tea was substituted for ale, at least by women-workers.

E.g. Boy, coming from afternoon school, will exclaim on entering home : ' Muther iz t' (tea) reddi? au zm ungri.'

dro, p.+. dreu, driu, p.p. dron, str. vb.,to draw, pull. [ME. @rawen ; OE. dragan, to draw, drag.] drol, w.vo., to drawl, drag out, especially in speech. [A frequenta- tive word, from draw. See dro.] drot, w.v6., to drat. [A contraction of God-rot ! which in the dialect takes the form of 'o@-ro¢/ as an oath.] droul, ad;., droll; odd, comical, merry, laughable. [Fr. drole, a

Huddersfield Dialect

du, diument

merry wag; cp. Du. Zrol/ig, odd, strange.] druen, a drone, a kind of bee. [OE. drin, a drone.] druen, w.v5., to drone, hum like a drone. druep, w.v5., to droop, hang down, sink. [Scand.; cp. ON. to droop.] druev, p.4., drove. See drauyv. druffn, part. adj., drunken ; a weak- ened form of drukkn, drunken. Both are still in use, the latter less than the former. [Olcel. drunken, tipsy ; from @r#éza, to drown. See dreend.] E.g. (1) 'They sittn ol t' de 1' th' publik-ees ; the'r e lot e @rz/ffn (2) ' Au sid (saw) Jack e Ned's yusterdi; au telld 'im i'd di (die) drukkn yet? druft, a drying wind. ME. from OE. Zriigath, dryness.] Note. The difference in meaning be- tween and dregt (which see) is thus illustrated : (1) 'Eh diger e mi! Ther'z nue @ruft te-de, en' au 'v sich ¢ big weshin e kluez ez nier wor!' (2) 'If t' dregt guez on mich longer, ther'll bi nue waetter et ol 1 t' wellz.' drufti, ad;., droughty; windy. ' drufti wind ' = a drying wind. drukkn. See druffn. druz, w.v6., to tidy up, freshen up. [Fr. dresser; see dreiz (2).] E.g. ' Au'd just @ruszsd th' ees up e bit, wen ue shud kum in bet th' parsen. Au felt feer lukki.' du, did, dun, s/7.v5., to do, act, per- form ; to put; to cheat ; to suffice. [OE. @on, to do, put, make.] E.g. (1) '*Di#%# em ol up in e bundil- engkerch, sue'z the'll karri better.' (2) ' Thae'z Zun mi eet ev e shillin, bet au'll @i thi yet, the ken bet thi buits.' du, dument, a commotion, to-do, stir, lively time. E.g. (1) ' Well, wi'n zd ¢ reer @i on t' spri, oud led! But uz (our) bress ez guen.' (2) Ther 'z e regler @ifweent guin' on et th' miln ; th' weiverz ez ol on t' strauk.'

A

eg, pear; ei, reign; e+ u; ie, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil; ou = o ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl; tl for cl.

8280

25

E

Page 56

dubbler

dubbler, a large dish or platter. [Fr. doublier, a large plate.] Duch, Dutch, an expression used to denote anything unintelligible, as : 'Wat i sez iz ol te mi: au keen't understand e word on't.' due (1), a doe, the female of both rabbit and deer. [OE. Z.] Due (2), Jue, familiar forms of Joe, and Joah. Dued, George. Dueszi, Joseph. Dozzi, Jozzi, Joshua.

Note. For the above proper names see note on doi.

duef, dough, unbaked bread. [OE. dah.

duefi, doji, doughy, soft, under- baked (bread); hence faint-hearted, without courage, yielding. E.g. (1) 'This kek (bread) eits e bit duegf; (or doji) this wik ; it 's nuen bekt inuf.' (2) 'Wen au wer guin thier, mi tuith gey up warkin. Wen au get (got) te t' duer au went feer augfi, en' au tornd bak wom.' duer, older dor, a door. [OE. door ; late OE. Zor.] duer-chiks, door-cheeks, side-posts of a door. duer-oil, dor-oil, door-hole, door- way. [See oil.] duer-sten, dor-sten, door-stone, the stone flags or pavement outside a door. dues, a dose of medicine. dose.] duet, w.v5., to dote, to be mentally weak ; to be foolish, silly. [ME. adotien, dotemn ; MDu. doten, to dote, mope ; OIcel. Zoifa.] duevy, dived. See dauy. duez, w.v5., to doze, sleep lightly. [ON. Zsa, to doze; and cp. OK. dwzes, dull, stupid.] duezi, duzi, a pet name-lit., sweet one. [Fr. doux, douce, sweet.] duff, w.v5., to give up trying, to give in. [prob. from OE. @@/, dough ; whence Zo = to be dugfi, i.e. soft, yielding.] duit, a doit, a small amount.

[OFr.

[Du.

Huddersfield Dialect

ee-ivver

duit, a small coin.] E.g. ' Au duen't keer e Zui? wat the duz.' dummekst, tired out, 'done up', exhausted; spent up (money). [Origin uncertain. - Possibly from an ON. reflexive vb. in -asé ?] E.g. (1) 'Au'm just ebeet ZuezmeneZAst nee, wi'n wokt te far te siut m1i.' (2) 'Au keen't spend enuther penni; au'm reit Zznimgkst' dun, do. The » is plur. ending, -ez, of the Midland dialect verbs of Middle English. We dun = we do; they dun = they do. See du. dunnek, dunnock, the hedge-spar- row. [OE. dun, grey, dark + oc, dimin. suff. = the little grey bird. (Skt. in E.).]

B: é, o; e

6, eh, ay. E.g. dier e e (1), fudef. adj., a, an. [OE. an, one, a.] See en (1) and Note. e (2), prep., on. [OE. on, a, on.] E.g.' Lig won box g t' top e (of) th' bed, en' t' tuther g t' fluer.' ¢ (3), prep., of. [OE. of] . ea, ia, ie, yes, yea,-older but still common forms of &, which see. ebeet, Prep. & adv., about. [OE. ,_onbutan, &bitan.] ebet, ixter}., ah but, yes but. éblong, ad7., oblong. See évlong. ebun, Prep. & adv., above. [OE. abufan.)

Note that in regard to this word the modern English has lost the final # of the original, while our dialect has lost the medial /, and lengthened the #.

ech (1), w.vo., to hatch a brood of young ones. [ ME. ZaecZex ; Scand.; cp. Swed. Z2d@cka, to hatch.] ech (2), a hatch ; a half-door. ech, ek (1). ee, yee, adv., how. [OE. A#, how.] eg-ivver, yee-ivver; &-ivver, ya- ivver, adv., however. [OE. 24+ fre, ever].

See

&, as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen; o, her ; i, see ; i, bit ; 6, note; o, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #»u = &+u; 26

Page 57

eel

eel, rarely uel, an owl. owl.] eend, yeend, hound, a dog. hund, a dog.] eqnd-dog, yeend-dog, a hound-dog, a hunting-dog. eens, yeens, an ounce. OFr. zxce, from Lat.] eer, yeer, an hour. [ME. 2007 ; OFr. ore; Lat.] eerch, an arch. [OFr. arcZe; Lat.] eerk, an ark or chest, a box. [OE. arc, from Lat. arca, box.] Obsolete

[OE. #74, [OE.

[ME. ;

now, unless in out-of-the-way farms. eerm (1), an arm. [OE. cear»m.] eerm (2), harimn, injury. [OE. hearm.]

ees, a house, dwelling. [OE. 2#s.]

Note, When used as a suffix with other words, egs unemphatic becomes gs, as (1) in proper names: Esh-es (Ash- house). Brig-es (Brighouse), Wud-es (Woodhouse), Loft-es (Lofthouse), Bur-es (Burhouse); (2) in common names: wesh-es (wash-house), bek-es (bake-house), pig-es, brew-es, &c. eest, w.vo., to oust, put out, eject. [OFr. oster ; Fr. to remove.] ' If th kips on sheetin wi st' egst thi thre t' reem.' eet, prep., out. [OE. fite, fit.] eetsaud, prep. & adv., outside. [OK. iit + side.] fled, part.ad7}., afraid, fright- ened. [ME. effrayen; OFr.effraier, to frighten ; with change of z to Z.] E.g. Husband: ' Au'm guin te si Jim Buith (Booth) ebeet waet i'z bin tokin ebeet mi.' Wite: 'Pre thi duen't; au'm g/Z2Z (or Zed) yg'll bi frechin, en' appn feitin, if thee guez.' efloits, adv., in confusion, anyhow ; lit., on float, afloat. [OE. [Zota, a ship ; Zéotan, to float.] See floit. E.g. Gossip: shu nivver sez er ees taudi; ivr reem in it ez olis g/Zoits wi' ol maxk e things.' eft, a haft, handle ; also a lift, help- ing hand. [prob. ON. ZepH? (pron. hefti).] E.g.,. (1) Au wer eftin sum stuenz eet e' t' greend wi' mi pik, wen th' eff snxpt off.? (2) Man,

Hudderspeld Dialect eg

lifting a heavy sack, to passer-by : 'Gi' ez ¢ eff wi' this sek on te t' kart, mate.' eft, w.v6., to heave, lift up, raise [see heft, N.E.D.] ; to prise with a 22/7 or handle. Note. In the action of ' hefting' there seems always the idea of Zeverage, or swinging-to get impetus-implied. efti, yefti, requiring 'hefting', hence heavy, weighty ; also easy to lift or handle ; handy ; strong, active if big. The saying 'he's a ZefZy man' may mean (1) he's heavy, or (2) he's an able, handy man at his work.

efuer, prep., afore, before. onforan.] eg, a haigh or hey-with various applications of meaning : (1) A ridge or bank of earth for an enclosure, as made in digging a trench and casting up the soil alongside-originally to form a de- fence to surround buildings, &c., against attack or the weather. When planted closely with thorn- trees the ridge would form no mean protection either in primitive fight- ing or in bad weather. (2) A long, low, natural hill resembling such a bank of earth. There is such a hill, called ' Th' Haigh', between Marsden and Buckstones ; and there are many sirnilar ones, called Haughs, Haws, or Hows, among the foot-hills of the West Riding and further north. (3) 4 small hamlet or a group of houses and out-buildings, gener- ally on or near the top of a hill-side, originally fenced round with a trenched Aaig/ topped with Zaig#- trees for protection. Examples are Haigh and Haighton, with others known only locally. Hence came the family name Haigh, the ances- tral bearers of which lived in these enclosed places: names like 'John o' th' Haigh, ' Will 0' John's o' th' Haigh', survived into the nine- teenth century. Such places must have been fairly numerous in the pre- Norman and Norman times, not

[OE.

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu = o+u; ig, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl; tl for cl.

2]

Page 58

eg-tri

only on both sides of the Pennines -Jjudging from the commonness of the surname and of its East Lan- cashire form, Hague-but also in south Scotland, as denoted by the corresponding form of surname, Haig. (4) The red berry of the haigh- tree or hawthorn, which is still the commonest tree for the fencing in of fields and other enclosures. [ég is probably a Scandinavian word (rather than from O E. Z22ga, an enclosure, yard), the kindred forms of which are haw, how, hey. Compare Olcel. hag? also Swed. Zage, Du. Akaag, all meaning enclosure, hedge, and all, together with OE. Zaga, prob. de- rived from a root-verb Zag, to sur- round, to gird.] eg-tri, a haigh-tree or hawthorn. eget, agate, agoing, on the way, on the move, in action, at work. [prob. ON. a, on +gata, way, path, &c.] E.g. (1) 'Get gget en' oss, mun.' (2) ° Yar Joseph 'Enry 'z olis gg2t e plégin (plaguing) th' kitlin (3) A southern gentleman, recently come to reside in this district, was listening to a charwoman in his house telling a woeful tale of poverty -her son and daughter were ill and unable to work, 'en' if, she said, ' mi uzbend wors'? éipin geet, au duen't no wet wi shed du.' 'Why,' exclaimed the gentleman innocently, 'and is your husband a gate-keeper, Mrs. Booth ? egéeterdz, geterds, adv., agatewards, on the way towards. E.g. said to a visitor leaving for home :; ' Au'll gu wi' thi wom, e bit.' egien, adv. & prep., again ; against. [OE. ongéan.] E.g. 'Trau ggign te lift thet sek (sack), en' put it ggirgn t wol (wall) if the kzen.' ei (1), 1, ad7., high. [OE. kea/, ei-er, ci-ist, comp. & superi., higher, highest. ei (2), a hey. See ag. ei! (3), ei-up! ixfer7., heigh! [An imitative word.]

Hudderspfeld Dialect

elztli

ei (4), é, hay, dried grass. [ME. hey ; ON. hey ; cp. OE. Aig.] ei-mu, é-mu, a hay mow, or heap. See mu (1). eim (1), w.v5., <0 aim ; intend, pur- pose. [ME. eimex, to aim at, in- tend ; OFr.esmer, aésmer. (Lat.)] (1) feer eimd te gu wi' yo te t' teen yusterdi.' See also deim (2). (2) 'I'z e fuil ; au duen't eim mi wits (try to argue or talk) wi' sich ez im.' eim (2), ad7., even, equal-as in the boys' game of 'odd er eim:'. [OE. efn (even), with loss of {and change of z to #, as in eleim (eleven), seim (seven), fim (oven), eimin or imin (evening).] eit (1), et, $.p. ettn, sir.vd., to eat. [OE. efan ; cp. ON. efa.] eit (2), height ; also, in the a rather frequent place-name, 7/%' Eits =The Heights. [OE. AkéaAthin, Rhiehthu ; cp. ON. hoeth.] eiv, p.1. uev, p,.p. ovyn, str.vd., later p.t. & pp. eivd, to heave, lift up, raise. [ME. kebben, heven ; OE. Zebban (stem hef-), to heave ; cp. ON. Z2efja, to lift.] eivz (P/ur.), the eaves of a house- roof. [Another form of OE. éfesung besides euzinz, which see.] ek, a heck ; hatch, half-door; also a rack over a manger for hay ; a hurdle. [OE. 2z&c¢c¢, eee, a hatch, grating, hurdle; cp. Du. 2e4, fence, rail, gate ; Swed. a rack.] See sech. ek1, w.vo., to trim or dress up. See kl. , , ekuerdinlau, ekuerdinli, adv., accordingly, in accordance with. [Lat.] E.g. ¢ Waetivver suert ev e speik (address) t' loier mez (the lawyer makes), au'st speik inlan (or -!?) @l1l, hell, hades, the nether regions. [OE. Zel, a concealed place, hence the grave, &c. From OE. vb. helan, to conceal, cover.] See also ill (1), and ull. elsetli, adv., of late, lately, recently. [OE. on, a+ lzxt, late + lice.] E.g.

&, as a in glad; a, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; e,. her; 1, see; i, bit; 6, note ; o, not ; 0, oil; u, brute; u, put; = &+ u; 28

Page 59

elauk

Yo an't bin elsei/z.' elauk, ad;. & adv., alike, similar. [OE. oni/ic.] elauvy, ad}., alive, active, living. [OE. on/ife, in life, alive.] elder, adv., rather, somewhat. [ON. heldr, rather.] Now nearly obso- lete. E.g. ' It's elder lxt te begin that job te-deée.' eleim, eleven. [OE. en@- leofan.] See eim (2). elékin, a-playing. See lek. Elliwell, Hellawell, a frequent local surname. [OE. 2a/ig, holy +we/l.] elong e, prep. phr., along of, on account of, through. elp, w.v6., to help. [OE. Ze/pan.] elsin, a cobbler's awl (E.). [Cp. Scots ; Du. els, an awl.] Obsolete locally, except perhaps in the saying 'ez sharp ez elsins', uttered re- cently by an old lady in my hearing. elter (1), a halter, a kind of knotted loop for a horse's head. [ME. halter; OE. hselftre, hoeltre.] elter (2), a knot, ravel ; confusion. [Origin uncertain ; prob. the same as elitgr (1) with extended meaning.] E.g.'Yo'n gettn that bend (string) ol in e elfgr; get it los egien, sharp.' eluen, ead;., alone. [OE. aZ, all, en- tirely + az, one.] elv, a helve, handle, shaft of hammer, &c. [OE. Aie/f, helf.] em, per.pro., them. [OE. Zem. Obj. case of Note. It is probable that gm has al- ways been, since Old English times, the usual if not only form of this pronoun in popular speech throughout the country. The form them is of Scand. origin.

ems»ng, imseng, prep., among, amongst. [OE. gemang.] emmit, an emmet or ant. [OE. semetile, ant.] emz, hames, a pair of hooked bars of metal round a horse-collar, to which are fastened the traces. [ME. Zame; cp. Du. kaam, Fr. haim, a hook of metal.] See omz (3).

Huddersfield Dialect

' Wen zr yo been te kum en' si uz ?

erpl en (1), ixdef.adj., an. [OE. an, one].

Note that an is seldom, if ever, used in this dialect, but always, or nearly al- ways, g. E.g. ¢ spple, g »eprin, e ors, g ussif. But the phrases an aunt, an uncle, an odd one, have each two forms in this dialect : g oné or g som, ¢ ser- kle or g nunkie, g odd en or ¢ nodd en. See nont, nunkle, nodd. en (2), $70., one. E.g. 'That ors ez (is) e grand gx." en' (3), con;., and. [OE. and.] en' ol, adu.phr., and all ; i.e. also, moreover ; for certain. Note, The word also is never used in this dialect, gs2' 67, or gz wil (as well) taking its place. E.g. (1) Railway porter along- side train : ° Ol chénj ier : thi 22, Mester Collins! (all change here: you also, Mr. Collins !).' (2) ° Aus't gue if au want. - Au shall o/ / end, older form for hand. (See snd.) As a boy, when told to 'wesh thi end@s', l used to think that humor- ous reference was being made to my hands as the 'ends' of my arms. But the form of the word is due probably to Scard. influence. [Cp. ON. 20nd, hand.] enent, nent, prep. & adv., anent, opposite, level or even with. [ME. anent, OF. anefen, onemn.] enz, ains or anes ; awns or the beards of corn, esp. barley; chaff (E.). [ME. awne ; from Scand.; cp. ON. ogn, a husk.] epierin', the first appearing of mourners at church, on the Sunday after a funeral. E.g. The usual question among the mourners after a burial was, and probably still is : Au rekkn yo'll bi et th' epieriz neist Sundi?' eporpes, adv., on purpose. er (1), or, per. pro., her. [OE. Aiere, lzz'ref er (2), con}., or. [Short for ME. auther, other, other, either, which took the place of OE. or.] erpl, orpl, to walk lamely, limp, hobble about; hence to

eg, pear; ei, reign ; qu = g+ u; ig, pier; iu, few ; ce. boar; oi, boil ; cu = o + u ; ug, poor; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl; tl for cl.

29

Page 60

er-sEeln

crouch, cower down. [Origin ob- scure; cp. ON. Zerpa, cramp, con- traction (N.E.D.).] See orkl. E.g. (1) 'Wol th' oud less wer erplin ekross t' rued, e orse en' trep kum reend th' koerner, en' just mist er.' (2) 'I' koud wether gh’ childer lauks te pr$7 tegether i' ed.' er-séln, er-sén, per. herself. [See seln.] Ernsho, Ernshe, Yernshe, Earn- shaw, a rather frequent local family name. [ME. Zeronsewe; OFr. keronceau, a young heron. An alternative derivation is OE. ears, eagle +scaga, a wood. Cp. ON. orn, eagle + skogr, wood, thicket.] esp, a hasp, a fastener, clasp. [ON. hespa, a hasp; cp. OE. a fastening, clasp.] ester, estener, a hastener, a metal screen placed behind the meat cooking before a fire to Zasien the cooking. [ME. aste; OFr. haste, haste.] eésti-puddin, a hasty pudding, so called because made of dough on 'baking-days' and eaten with treacle, at a time when the house- wife had no leisure to make either a proper pudding or sauce for it. estied, prep., instead. [OE. iz + stede, a place.] estraud, adv., astride, lit., on stride. et (1), $ro0. & that. et (2), set, prep., at. [OE. set.] et-s»fter, adv. & prep., after, after- wards. [OE. »¢-sefter, a compound word of frequent occurrence in OE. writings, as well as »/fer, with same meaning.] E.g. 'U kum (she came) ¢4-»x/ffer au'd guen. Still in common use locally. ettn, eaten. See eit. eu, p.4. & p.p. eud ; older .p. eun, w.vb., to hew, cut. [OE. kéawan.] eugzin, A/. euzinz, the eaves of a house-roof ; lit., the clipped edges of a thatched roof (Skt.). [OE. efesung, a clipping, shearing.] E.g. * Wi stud under th' exzizz wol it ed dun rénin.' See eivzg.

Huddersfield Dialect

fzesn

évliong, éeblong, ad;., oblong; also oval ; evenly long, i.e. having even or corresponding sides. even, equal + /Zazg, long ; the initial g becoming long 2 by the dropping of ex.] ewé&nd, :w.vo5., to award, grant, guarantee, warrant; still used in place of warrant. ' Au'll gwaxnd thi, u nor (she knows) better ner te kum ier egien.' ewaul, adv., awhile, for a time. [OE. an + Awil, time.] ez (1), adv. & con}., as. [A contrac- tion of also; from ME. also, quite so ; OE. ealswa@. (Skt.)] ez (2), per.pro., us-both poss. and obj. case. See uz.

F, f

fseddl, w. v6., to faddle, to fuss after details, [prob. OE. Jadian, to dispose, arrange, set in order+ frequent. suffix -e/.] E.g. Gossip: 'Wod au xfter mau uzbend lauk u duz wi' erz? - Nuen laukli ! Nue wunder 1'z t' boss !' fsektri, a factory, esp. a textile mill. [Lat. through Fr.] a family. [Fr. familles (Lat.)] Cp. chimbli. fen, p.4., found. See faund, find. farrow, a litter of young pigs. [OE. fearh, a young pig.] w.vo., to fashion, shape oneself ; to dare, have the shame ; to have the impudence to. [OFr. Jachon, a shape. (Lat.)] E.g. (1) ' Au wunder eg the ken /zes/ken to lau (lie) lauk the duz.' (2) A workman calling at a friend's

house: 'En yq sum kumpani te-nit?' 'Ah, bet kum in.' 'Eh, au ken ardli [»siezr: au'v mi

mukki tluez on (dirty clothes on)." fesn, fesn, w.vo., to fasten. [OE. fvestnian, to make fast; cp. ON. festa, to fasten.] The word was used peculiarly in the old days of apprenticeship, when youths were ' fastened ' or bound to their mas-

&, as & in glad ; a, far; au, form ; 6, mate e, pen; o, her; 1, see; i, bit; 0, note ; o, not; 9, oil; u, brute ; u, put ; gu = &+ u;

30

Page 61

Fxsns

ters by legal contracts. E.g. ' Ee long ar te fesnd for?' 'Fower yer; but,' naively, 'au'v nobbet tu muer yer tg gue nee, efuer au'm 16s (free). Fsesns, Fesns, Shrove Tuesday. Properly, it means Lent, the period of fasting, and Shrove Tuesday was 'Faxestenes E'en,' which be- came shortened to Fzszs. [OE. fFsestan, to fast ; orig. to make fast, to be strict, to observe; then to celebrate, keep solemnly.) fest, fest, ad;, fast, puzzled, stuck fast; forward, bold. [OE. fest, firm, steadfast, daring.] E.g. (1) 'Au'm reit feer zest wat te du wi this lot" (2) 'U 'z e en, u iz; u'z brezn'd inuf fer out (she's shameless enough for aught).' fet, vet (1), a vat, a large vessel for water, &c. [OE. /aef.] fet (2), ad;., fat, thick, stout. foett.] fet-shauyvy, a slice of bread spread over with dripping. See shauyv. fether, a father. [OE. fzxder.] fevyver, to favour, i.e. to have features like some one else; e.g. 'Thet chauld feer fsevvers it fether' [OFr. Javewr, favour ; countenance, regard.] far, adj. & adv., far; also com- parative degree-farther. [OE. Jeor, far.] of boys disputing the distance of marbles to a mark : 'This ez [@r off ner that iz, or ' This ez Jarder off '. farder, far-er, far, comp. deg., farther, further. [OE. fferra.] fardist, far-ist, super/., farthest, furthest. [OE. fZerresi.] Note such expressions as far-end, ex- treme end ; far-lent, far-learned, well- read ; far-oil, back room of a house. fardin, a farthing. [OE. Jeori/hing, a fourth part.] faul (1), file,-a rasp of steel. [OE. Pronounced faxl by con- fusion with OE. /z, a thread, line ; or with faul (2), a wretched, mean fellow ; hence a shrewd, cunning fellow. [ME. file, from ON. fyla, a

[OE.

Huddersfield Dialect

feer

wretched, crafty person.] E.g. (Ned 'z e reer oud J@#/, 1 iz ; i noz ol t' triks i' t' tred (trade).' faun, ad7., fine; polite superior. [OFr. jix, witty, perfect (Skt.) ; but cp. ON. fizz, fine.] E.g. (1) ' Tha thinks if the toks Jaz» it'll shut mi up.' (2) ' Yar Polly trauz te tok (tries to talk politely) nee u guez te t' teen regler.' faund, older form find, fen, pp. fun, to find. [OE. findan.} - See find. faur, fire. [OE. faur-point, faurm-point, fire-point, poker. is a corruption of faur; point may be (1) due to the pointed shape of the poker, or (2) derived from poit (which see), to push. fauv, five. [OE. fif.] fech or foch, fet or fot; #.1. fecht, focht, fet, or fot, w.vo6., to fetch. [ME. feccken, focchen, p.t. Jehte or fzehte; OE. fetian, later fJeccan.] See fet, foch, fot. feel (1), ad;., foul ; ill-looking, ugly ; evil. [OE. dirty, base.] feel-fes, foul-face, one with an ill face. feel-stik, foul-stick, an evil- or ugly- looking person. See stik. E.g. (1) Daughter: ' Muther, duen't yo lauk John William Kay? Mother:; * Nou! - Duen't thi zv out (anything) te du wi' im; i'z nout naut (nothing but) e 'en !' (2) ° Liza Ann feer lukt [/ee/ xt ini te de; au duen't no wat's up wi' er.' (3) (A greeting): © Nee fee/-f2s ! wat's t' matter wi' te-de?'

feel (2), a fowl, large bird. [OE. fugo!, a bird.] feem, fuem, foam, froth. [ME.

fome; OE. fam.] feend, w.v6., to found, establish, fix. ME. foundern; OFr. feendri, a foundry, where metals are worked in some form or other. [From OFr. fondre, Lat. fundere, to pour, cast metals.] feer, adv., fairly, right well, very: used to emphasize an adjective, as (1) 'Au'm [eer pliezd (pleased) et

eg, pear ; ei, reign; qu = o+u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

31

Page 62

feerm

the'r wil egien.' (2) 'This pau (pie) 'z feer guid." [OE. frger, fair ; fairly, entirely.] feerm, a farm. [ME. ferme; OFr. ferme.) feosti, foisti, ad;., fusty, smelling mouldy. [OFr. tasting of the fust or cask (Skt.).] fei, fei(gh), w.vo., to clear away rubbish (E.). [ON. /xgya, to clean, clear away (Skt.).] See fof. fei, #., rubbish, material cleared out of a place (E.). feid, fid, fied, p.4. fed, w.v5., to feed. [OE. fedan; cp. feist, older form of fiest (which see), a feast. feit, p.. fet, fuet, fout, #.p. fufin, fout, to fight. [ME. fekien ; OE. feoktan, to fight.] See fufifn. felk, felli (1): both words mean the curved portions of wood which form the circumference of a cart- wheel, and both are from the same source. [OE. /eig, felge, a felly.] felli (2), a fellow; partner, com- panion ; a husband. Used also of a swaggerer. [ME. felawe; ON. felagi, partner.] E.g. (1) Wife log.: ' Mau felli (my husband) workt nee fer e munth er muer.' (2) 'Eh, i thinks izsen e reit fell? in iz Sundi kluez' (3) 'Té (take) ne nuetis on iz tok, 1'z nout naut e felter, w.vo., to entangle, twist to- gether ; to become matted like felt. [prob. ME. /2/trex, to join together; Fr. fexirer, to join, to felt.] fen, adj., fain, glad. [ME. fzeyen; OE. fzegen, glad ; cp. ON. faginn.] Mother, to boy returning 'cured' from hospital : ' Eh! au'm feer thae'z kumn bak, led! thi fether en' mi thout wi wer been te loiz thi.' fend, w.vo., to seek for ; to provide. [OE. fandian, to try, search for.] Mi childer'll zv nout thre mi wen au di; they mun /exZ fer thersén lauk au aed te du.' fendin en' pruvin, fending and

Dialect

fiert

proving-seeking out evidence to prove a statement or a charge against some one, often a piece of gossip. E.g. 'Some fouk's olis Jendin gn priivin ebeet summet (something), en' wantin te gu te t' 10 (law) wi' sumdi.' fent, a short piece of cloth,-woollen or other,-a portion torn or cut off. [Fr. fexte, a slit or tear.] fg? final, for, in place of. [OE. ¥.

or. ferget, p./. ferget, fergmt, p.p. fergettn, sir.vo., to forget. See get. fersoék, ferszk, fersuk, pp. fer- smkn, fersen, sizr.vo., to forsake, neglect. [OE. forsacan.] fesn, to fasten. See fmsn. fesnin, a fastening, that which makes fast. E.g. 'Luk if t' feswixz e' th' windez ez ol reit.' fest, ad;., fast, firm. See fst. fet, p.4. fet, w.v6., older form-to fetch. See fech, foch, fot. feéter, older form of fieter, which see. fettl, w.vo., to clean, put in order. [ME. feitlen, to make ready ; ON. _fpitla, to touch lightly.] fettl, condition or order, trim, 'spirit'. E.g. ' Mau wauf 's olis 1' t' muest wen u'z [eff/iz th' ees up. U wer boern e /ef¢/er: er muther 'z t' sem (the same).' feu, ad;., few. [OE. fea, pl. few.] fever, fiever, fever, a disease. [ME. Fever; OE. féfer; AFr. fevre. (Lat.)] fezn, a pheasant. [ME. yesawzx ; OFr. Jaisan.] ' fid, feid, fied, fed, w.vo., to feed. See feid. See fil. [ME. Zeend; OE. fiond, feéond, an enemy.] - E.g. Mother to bothersome child : 'Th' oud 'll foch thi, if tha duzn't bi guid.' fiert, adj., afraid, timid. [OE. timid.] E.g. ' If thae'r #2rt te gue 1' t' dark, tak e laentren.'

fiel, to feel. fiend, a fiend.

&, as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; 0, her; 1, see; i, bit; 6, note; 0, not ; 9, oil; u, brute; u, put; #u = &+u,;

32

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fiest

fiest, feist, a feast, festival. feste; OFr. feste. (Lat.)]

Note. The local feasts are now differ- ent from the fairs, which are fixed markets for cattle and merchandise. Originally feasts were festal days ap- pointed by the Church to celebrate the saints of the Church Kalendar. Fairs later took their origin in these festivals, when the numbers of people assembled gave opportunity for buying and selling

such commodities as they needed or had.

fieter, fiecher, féter (older form), feature, form of face. [ME. fetwre ; OFr. faiture, fashion, form. (Lat.)] fiever, fever. See fever. fift, fiftit, fifth, fiftieth. fij, w.v5., to fidge, to move about restlessly ; to fidget. A later form of fik. fijji, ad7., fidgy, fidgety, restless. fik, w.v6., to shuffle the feet ; to kick about (E.). [ME. to fidget ; ON. ka.] fil, figl, p.¢. felt, w.vo., to feel. [ME. Jelen; OFE. felan.] filth, dirt, foul matter; hence a low person. [OE. from foul.] ' Eh, thee tha 'z gettn eget wi' (got going with) ol t' reng enz 1' t' fimbl, a variant form of 'thimble'. See thim1. find, $¢., fen, strvo., to find. Older form of faund (which see). finni, fenni, a fen, marsh; muddy land. [OE. fexz#, a bog.] Local names are Finni Brigg, Finni Loin, modernized to Fenay Bridge,

Fenay Lane. fippins, fivepence. [OE. /Z, five+ penig, penny.] fiugl, w.vo., to lead ; to mislead, trick, cheat. [prob. from in Jfugle-man, a leader, guide; Ger. fRlugel-mann, leader of a file of troops.] See kaelli-filugl. fimeg, a wide, flat, stone slab for paving foot-paths and, formerly, the floors of dwellings. [ON. /Zega,

a stone slab.] flekker, w.vb., to flutter, to flap

[ME.

Huddersfield Dialect

fleer

frequently. [ON. to flap about.] 'That lad 'z nobbet narvi (rather nervy); luk ee iz in (eyes) Zaekkerz wen 1' toks. feng, p.4., flung. See fling. fimep, w.v5., to flap, to beat or smack with something flat. [prob. imita- tive word; ME. Zagpex, to beat ; cp. Du. Zapper, to beat.] See flop, flup. flimskit, a kind of tub; a basket, esp. a clothes-basket. [prob. a diminutive from OE. #Zase, a flask, vessel. Cp. W. Zasged, a wicker basket,. flau, fii (older form), $.¢. fliu, floeu, p.p. floun, str.vé., to fly. [OK. Reogan.] flau-bi-nit, a fly-by-night, one who rakes out late at night. flau-bi-skau, a fly-by-sky, a flighty person, a harum-scarum. fiaut, fliet (1), w.v5., to flite, to scold; to quarrel. [OE. /Zi¥as,to contend.] flautin, a quarrel, a scolding. [OK. flitung, strife.] E.g. nout gend (gained) bi /Zawi/iz, other th' childer er wi' t' neberz. E bit e kwaut tokin 'z better bueth wez (ways).' flé (1), to 'flay', frighten, scare. [ME. efrayen, to frighten ; from OFr. efraier, with change of r to /.] E.g.'Thae'r e reng en', en' au'm nuen /Z2Z e tellin thi, nother.' flé-kro, a flay-crow, scarecrow. flé-sum, ei}., flaysome, fearsome, terrible. fle (2), w.vd., to flay, to skin. _filean, to skin.] fleech, an ugly mouth, a wry mouth (E.) [Origin uncertain.] fleens (1), a flounce, fold in a dress. See fregens. fleens (2), w.v5., to flounce, plunge about; to jerk oneself about in a temper. [Scand. ; cp. Swed. dial. flunsa, to plunge.] E.g.' Wen au sed that, u_/Zeexst ebeet, en' eet e' t' rum in e frep.' fleer (1), a flower. OFr. Zour.)

[OE.

[ME. Zour;

eg, pear ; ei, reign ; gu =e + u; ie, pier ; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

$280

F

Page 64

fleer

fleer (2), flour, ground wheat. [Short for flower of wheat'; Fr. Zewur de farine.] fleik, flék, a hurdle, a grating, a reel. [ON. a hurdle.] bried-fleik, a reel or hurdle on which oat-cakes are dried. fleil, fiel, a flail. See flel. flék, a flake, a thin slice. cp. Norw. Zak, Swed. flaga, a flake.] fiél, fleil, a flail for thrashing corn. [ME. Zeil; OFr. flaél, a flail (Lat.).] flep, flip, flepper, the lower lip. [Weakened forms of Zap ; cp. Du. flap, anything broad.] E.g. ' Pul thi /Zep in, lad, en' duen't keer sulkin (and don't keep on sulking).' Fletcher, originally an arrow-trim- mer or -maker, but now only a frequent family name. Fletcher House is an old farmstead in Almondbury. [OFr. from _Rleche, an arrow.] fii (1), a fly, winged insect. fleoge, flyge, a fly.] , fi (2), older form of flau, which see. flie (p/iur. flies, later flies), a flea. [OE. JAéck, fig.) E.g. 'If the kips lettin th' enz (hens) kum inte th' ees this rued (manner), it'll get fuller e [Ziges ner /Ziz (flies).' fliem (1), a fleam, a kind of lancet used in bleeding animals. [OFr. (Lat.)] fliem (2), phlegm, mucus in the throat. [Fr. pA/legine. (Grk.)] flier, w.v5., to fleer, sneer, mock, laugh at mockingly. [ME. Zeriex ; Scand. ; cp. Norw. /Zira, to giggle.] flies (1), flis (1), fleas. See flie. flies (2), flis (2), a fleece. [ME. flees ; OE. fleos.] fliet (2), flit (1), w.v6., to fleet or skim the cream off milk. /Ziefe, cream, lit., that which floats.] flietin-dish, flitin-dish, a fleeting- dish for skimming cream. flig, w.vd., to ' fledge*', grow feathers; to be ready to fly. [ME. /Zygge, ready to fly; cp. OE.*/Zyege, fledged, and /Zeogan, to fly.] E.g. First boy: 'Ther'z sum yung bordz 1'

[OE.

Huddersfield Dialect

flom-pot

thet nest, en' the(y)'r /Ziggin.' Second boy : ' Ax no e tu nests, en' won 'z /Zigd en't' tuther 'z nierli.' flik, a flitch of bacon. [ON. ; cp. OE. a flitch.] E.g. A local rendering of the traditional crest of a Yorkshireman is: 'E //z (Ay), ¢ [ig (flea), gn' g lik ¢ beken.' fling, p.4. filzeng, p.p. flung, str.v6., to fling, throw. [OE. Zinga».] flip, the lower lip. See flep. flis, a fleece. See flies (2). flit (1), w.v5., to skim cream off milk. See fliget (2). flit (2), flit, flight ; a flock of birds. [OE. flight.] E.g. (1) 'Th grees (grouse) ez vaerri wauld this yer; they'll tk /Zz¢ efuer the ken get nigrem.' te think ? e fit e wauld duks fleu ovver ier e bit sin !' flit, to remove, esp. from one house to another. A 'muin-lit fiit' is such a removal by moonlight, to avoid payment of rent due. [ME. fitten; cp. ON. flytja; Swed. flytta.] fliuk, a fluke, a flat fish like a plaice. Also a broad white spot, fluke- shaped, in an animal's liver-the egg of a tape-worm. [OE. /Zoc, a flat fish ; cp. ON. /ZoZ¥z.] flium, a flume, or flue; a channel for conveying air, smoke, &c. [OE. _flum, a river and its channel ; ON. flum, fom. E..g. 'TH chimbli fium'z med up wi' suit (soot). Foch t' swip.' floit, later fluet, float ; (c) a flat piece of wood floating on a vessel full of water to keep it from slopping over ; (6) also a kind of vehicle with low body - originally suspended on ropes or straps probably, thus being caused to swing like a float. [OE./ota, a floater, raft, ship.] See efloits.

flok (1), a flock of sheep. [OE. _floce.] flok (2), a lock of wool. [OFr. [Zor ;

Lat. Zoccus.] flom-pot, flon-pot, a small earthen- ware pan for holding fluids, making

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; e, her; 1, see ; i, bit; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; su = &+ u;

Page 65

flont

pies, &c. [prob. ME. Zasz, pan- cake, custard ; OFr. Zaoz.] flont, w.v6., to flaunt, to show off. E.g., 'U guez Zontin ebeet, lauk e pieckok wi' it tel spred (like a peacock with its tail spread).' Origin unknown ; no French word is known like it; not an early word. (N.E.D.)] flop, w.vwo., to fall suddenly. [prob. a variant of filep, which see.] flou, w.v6., to flow, to stream. [OE. flowan.] Cp. blou, grou. floun, p.p. flown. See flau. fluer, floor. [OE. /Zor.] fluer-kleet, a floor-cloth. flor + fluet, w.v5., to float on the surface. [OE. #Zeotan, flotian, to float.] See floit, efloits. fluid, a flood. [OE. /Zod.] flummeks, w.vo., to puzzle, em- barrass ; to nonplus. [Origin un- certain.] 'Th' bobbi kzcht im 1' t' shop, sue i ked se nout; 1 wer feer Zumunighkst.? flummeri, light food-cakes, buns, biscuits, &c. [prob. W., /Zyzmerz, sour oatmeal boiled to jelly.] E.g. ' Wativver 'z te puttn ol that /Zzm:- meri on t' table for? It's nout fer e ungri chap lauk flup, w.v6., to flip, strike sharply ; also to cause to fly; to move suddenly. [prob. an imitative word like flop.] flush, ad;., even with, level with. [Connected with vb. /Zzs¥ = to flow abundantly, hence to fill up ; origin uncertain (N.E.D.).] E.g. 'T water wer fZush wi' th' top e t' wol (wall). + flush, w.v5., to cause to fly out, to startle a bird from nest. [prob. a later form of flusk.] E.g. ' Wen wi wer on t' muer, wi (or fluskt) sum grees (grouse) up.' flusk, w.v5., to cause to fly out; to fly out ; to startle. [Of uncertain origin ; perh. imitative (N.E.D.)]. flusker, w.v5., to flutter (of a bird); to hurry, confuse, fluster, startle. [A freq. of E.g. 'The

[OE.

Huddersfield Dialect

forre

oppnd duer sue sharp wol tha reit Rluskera mi. The shuddn't du sue.' fluster, to excite, disturb, confuse. [ON. Zewsitra, to be flustered.] E.g. wi sue monni fuek kummin in en' eet, au fil Zusierd (or fluskera). foch, p.4. focht, fot, w.v6., to fetch. See fech, fet, fot. fof, w.v6., to ' fauf' the land, i.e. to clean or till it (E.) [ON. {dga, to clean the ground (Skt.).] See fei. fog, the new grass, &c., grown after mowing ; the aftermath. [ME. Jogge, fog, coarse, rank grass; perh. Scand.; cp. Norw. [ugg, long, coarse grass. foisti, ad7., fusty. See feesti. f01, p.¢. fell, p.$. foln, str.vd., to fall. [OE. feallan.] fol-tri, a fall-tree, or beam of wood ' placed behind cattle in a stall to support the bed ' (E.). fols, fos, fous, false ; cunning, shrewd; clever but winsome. Applied chiefly to children or animals. [ME. fals; OFr. Jails; Fr. E.g. Fond mother to ' bright' child : 'Eh! thae'rt e Jofs en, the ar 'Ez (fos) ez e Christian,' is a phrase fre- quently applied to an intelligent cat, dog, or horse. fond, fond, foolish, simple. [ME. fond, or fonned. p.p. of vb. fonnen, to be weak, or foolish.] 'Th' oud maxn'z gettin ez fond ez e chauld.' for, fuer, ad;., fore, front; used chiefly as a prefix. [OE. fore, before.] for-zend, before-hand, in front. E. g. A father to his son: 'Olis trau te bi e bit 1' t for-sexrd wi' thi wark, en' e bit 1' t' for-sexrd wi' thi braess, en then tha'll nivver get inte t' wark-ees.' fored, adv. & ad}., forward ; bold, impudent. [OE. fore-weard.] for-nuin, forenoon. [OE. fore + #on, noon.] for-nuin drinkin, see drinkin. forre, for, a furrow. [OE.

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = e + u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

35

Page 66

forri

forri, adj., used in children's games for first, when calling their turns to play. SekAs, thordi ... lsekki, were called for the second, third .. . last turns.

forst, ad;., first. [OE. fyrst.]

fortit, ad7;., fortieth. [OE. [JZower- tigotha.] fortnit, a fortnight. [OE.

tyne niht, fourteen nights.] forth, a ford, a passage. In the form Zzrik the word is a frequent surname. [ME. ford, forth; OE. Jord, a ford, passage.] Cp. Holm- firth, Dunford, Bamford among place-names. for-waunder, a leader, a chief person; one who 'winds' or pushes his way to the front. [OE. fore + windan,to wind,twist, bend.] E. g. 'Ee'z Ned Brook gettin on ?' 'Oh, won (one) e th' [or- waunders v th' nee, the noz.' for-yed, the forehead. See yed. forz, furze. [OE. fyrs.] fos, false. See fols. fosit, a faucet, spigot, vent ; a round piece of wood with a small hole through its middle for the spigot or vent-peg. The faucet was fitted into the bung-hole of a beer-barrel. [OFr. fausset.] fot, p.4. fot, w.vo., to fetch. See fech, fet, foch. fother, fodder, food for cattle and horses. [OE. [d@or; cp. ON. foud (1), a fold, enclosure, yard. [OE. fala, a pen.]

Note. - The word locally often connotes a more or less square space of ground enclosed by cottages which open into the ® yard '. In former times local vil- lages were mostly built in "folds? adjoining each other along a road-for mutual protection or sociability.

foud (2), w.vd., to fold, double to- gether. [OE. fealdan.] fouer, foer, adj., four. [OE.féower.] fouert, foert, fuert, aed;., fourth. [OE.

Dialect

fresh fouk, fuek, fok, folk, people. [OE. fJolc.] fous, fox. Now an obsolete form.

[OE. for.] Cp. bows, box; keis, kex ; pais-wais, pax-wax. fout, fought. See feit. frech, w.v6., to fratch, dispute, argue, quarrel ; lit., to be [fractions, or apt to quarrel. [ME. fraccken, to creak like a cart, to make harsh noises ; to speak peevishly. Further etymology unknown (N.E.D.).] frmep, a frap, huff, sudden temper. [prob. Fr. to strike.] frau (1), w.v6., to fry, to roast. [ME. Jrien ; OFr. frire, to roast.] frau (2), fry, the liver and heart of animals. [prob. ME. /»z?, spawn, offspring ; OFr. spawn ; cp. ON. /z75, spawn, entrails.) Fraudi, Friday. [OE. Frige-dxg; F'rig being the goddess of love; cp. ON. Zxigg «= Venus.] fre, thre, thru, Prep., from, away. [ON. fra; Dan. fra, from; cp. OE. {ram, from.] The form thre (due to cp. tAhri= fri) is very common-indeed in many connexions invariable, E.g. (1) 'Wier duz te kum /27g?' kum Oumforth.' (2) ' Ee mich xz te gettn Are t' méster?' 'Au naut (only) get e shillin £47>z im, 's ol.' freens, later fleens, a frounce or flounce in a dress ; tuck, fold, plait. [ME. rowace, a plait; OFr. froncer, to plait; to wrinkle.] See fé (1) for freezi, ad;., frowsy, untidy, rumpled, unkempt. See fruzzi. frél, a frail, a basket or pannier made of rushes or cane. [ME. freel ; OFr. fraile, a rush-basket.] frem, w.vo., to frame, shape ; to set rightly about doing something, to get to work efficiently. [ON. Jfremja, frama, to set about; but cp. OE. fremian, framian, to do, achieve, avail, &c.] E.g. 'The duzn't /»2» reit et tht job, mun ; let mi sheu thi ee te du it.' fresh, ad;., partly drunk, Zively but

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen; e, her ; 1, see ; 1, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #$u = &+ u ;

36

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fret

not at the 'fuddled' stage. [ME. OFrt. freis, fresche, active; cp. OE. fersc, active.] fret, friet, p.f. fretted, fret, w.v6., to fret, grieve, pine away with grief. [OE. fretan, shortened from for- etan, to eat up, consume, to pine away.] (1) ' Duen't {ret thisen ovver im, i izn't worth it, lass. (2) 'Th' childer nierli fre4 (or Jretigd) thersen te t' dieth, wen ther muther left 'em.' frez, p.1., froze. See frigz. fri, thri, ad;., three. [OE. £kr20, three : £4>/.] - See fre. frippins, thrippins, three pence. frippeni-bit, thrippeni-bit, a three- penny bit. friet, p.. frieted, fret, w.vo., to fret. Older form fret, which see. fries, friz, p./ frez, fruesz, p.p. frozzn, sir.v6., to freeze. [OK. freosan.] frit, fright ; a terrifying sight. [OE. Lfyrhtu, fright.]

fritn, to frighten. [OE. Afyrhtan.) __ friut, fruit. [OFr. (Lat.)]

friz, see frigez. frog, the under middle part of a horse's hoof, so called, probably, because somewhat frog-shaped. [OE. frogga, also frosc, a frog.] Frons, Frons, the older forms of the surname France, common in the W. Riding. [From the Anglo- Norman pronunciation of the name France, the country.] frosk, an old name for a frog (E.). [OE. frosc, frox, a frog; cp. ON. froskr, frog.] fruez, frez, p.7., froze. See fries. frummeti, fromenty, wheat boiled in milk, and, often, made into cakes. [OFr. fromentee, sodden wheat.] frunt, front. [ME.; OFr. front, forehead, brow. (Lat.)] frup, a frap, Another form of /rzep, which see. fruzz, w.vo., to rub the wrong way, to ruffle, rumple. [ME. frouschen, to tub; OFr. fruisser, froisser.]

Hudderspeld Dialect

fuflment

fruzzi, freezi, ad;., ruffled, rumpled, with unkempt hair; untidy. E.g. 'Wier ivver xz te bin: Tha's gettn /rzzsd up sum-ee till the luks ez (or fregezsi) ez e foil (foal) 'et 's bin 1' t' tlois (field) ol t'

fruzzinz, broken bits of cotton or woollen threads; fluff. [OFr.

fruisser, froisser, to rub, break up.] E. g. ' Yar Polly Ann 'z e reit slup- per, fer wenivver u duz anni sewin, t' fluer'z olis kuvverd wi' /razzinz et-xfter.' fud, waste, refuse, dirt; esp. lum- fud, the waste or chafings falling from a loom in weaving, &c. [perh. variant of food, which in some in- dustrial localities is a name for shoddy, as being formerly con- sidered only food for the soil, manure. See N.E.D.] fuddl, w.v5., to confuse, muddle, esp. with drink. fuddld, part.adj., confused with drink to a degree further than ' fresh ', but not 'drunk'. [Of un- certain origin.]

fuek, fok, folk, people. See fouk. fuem, foam. See feem. fuer, for, ad;., fore, front. See for,

efuer. " fuerbuedin, a foreboding. Jore + bodian, to announce.] fuertell, to foretell. fuers, force. [ME. fors ; OFr. force.] fuert, fouert, adj., fourth. [OE. feortha.} fuerth, a@v., forth, forward. [OE. forth.] anything light or flimsy, or puffed up; fluff; froth on beer; dandelion seeds, &c.; also excess of flimsy clothing; finery. [prob. from /#/7, an imitative word mean- ing a whiff, puff, &c.] ful ment, puffed-out clothes ; finery ; abundance of showy clothing ; hence pretence, show, &c. E.g. (1) 'Blo t' f«ff? off efuer tha sups thi el (ale)" (2) By 'th' oud ' Fauneri pliezez t' wimmin just sem

ez suep-bubblez pliezez t' childer,

Fuer is chiefly a prefix. [OE.

eg, pear ; ei, reign; eu =e + u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o+ u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

37

Page 68

fuffn

bet the'r bueth /z/f#Zmext, en' nout naut sheu en' sham.' fuffn, pari.ad;., fought down, beaten; downtrodden, outcast. [OE. fomien, p.p. of feoktan, to fight.] The 'waxf' and 'fuffn' were the lost and outcast of the Middle Ages. See waef (2). fuid, food.

[OE. fada, food.] fuil, a fool.

[ME. fol; OFr. fol, a fool, jester.]

fuit, a foot. [OE. £54, plur. full, w.v5., to full or thicken cloth by compressing it; also to cleanse it by 'fuller's earth' or other means. [OFr. fw/ler; Fr. fosler, to tread ; to thicken cloth. Late Lat. fullire, to cleanse clothes. (Skt.)] fullin-miln, a fulling-mill, in which heavy mallets pounded the damped cloth to compress and cleanse it. fullek, a fullock, a sudden, hard blow. [prob. OE. /%/7, full, or ##7, foul +/Z@c¢, a gift, play, &c.] E.g. (1) 'Tom gev mi e ? t rib en' winded mi.' (2) 'Th' duer baengd tu wi' e [u/lgk." fumard, fumart, a pole-cat (E.). [ME. fulmart, from OE. ful, foul a marten, kind of weasel.] Obsolete. fun, #.p., found. See faund, find. fuss-chen, fustin (older form), fustian, a coarse twilled cloth with short pile. [OFr. [fxsfaine, Ital. fustagno, from Fustat, a suburb of Cairo in Egypt, whence it first came.] fuzzi, ad;., light and spongy, soft. [cp. Du. voos, spongy.] fuzz-bol, a fuzzball, a kind of spongy fungus, which, when burst, scatters a fine dust.

G, g

g», shortened form of gave. See giv, gi. E.g. ' Au thi mi promise, en' au's nuen breik nother fer nout ner nubdi.' g»b, gab, unrestrained talk.

[ON.

Fuddersfield Dialect

gaelles

gabb, silly talk.] E.g. ° Old (hold) thi gxed, mun ; thee olis toks en' sez nout.' w.vo., to gabble, prattle, talk aimlessly, [ME. gaddex, to delude, deceive; ON. gabba, to mock.] a goad, small pointed stick, steel rod. [ON. gaddr, a pin, peg, See guged. gsd, w.vd., to gad, roam idly, rove about. [Of obscure origin, possibly from noun gxd, but unlikely. See N.E.D.] gaeddl, w.v6., a frequentative of gad, vb., with same meaning. gsedlin, a gossip, one who goes about idly chatting. [cp. OE. gaedeling, a companion.] E.g.'Sin mi fzxther retaurd thre bizniss 1 gzxdd/ez ebeet en' kelz imeng iz oud krueniz (cronies) ivvride ommest ; i'z gettn inte e reit au tell im.' gaffer, a master, employer ; a form of familiar address ; an old man. [A corruption of father', but this meaning is now obsolete.] - E.g. (1) Father of working lad: 'The mun tell thi thae'r oud inuf nee te ' muer we; (wage).' (2) ' Eh gzxe/gr, ken yq elp mi on t' rued ? au'm paxeddin it te Maznchazster (tramp- ing to Manchester).' gs, w.v5., to gadge, to stitch loosely together, to mend ; to fasten to- gether temporarily. [Origin uncer- tain ; prob. connected with gads = points, pegs, &c.? See E. g. 'This tleet (clout, patch) on mi brichez-ni ez kumn los ; gx7 it up wol nit.' ga»jit, a gadget, anything which fastens up something temporarily, as a pin, peg, wedge, &c. E.g. ' Au fessnd th' bundil wi' e skiuer (a skewer) for e gait, wol au get wom (till I got home).' gselles (1), the gallows, gibbet ; hence a ' brace. [ME. galwes (pi. of gaighe); OE. gealga, galga, a gibbet, cross, hanging-tree.] E.g. 'If the kips on thet we (way) thae'll end on t' goe//es yet.'

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate; e, pen; g, her ; 1, see; i, bit; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; gu =

38

Page 69

gxellesez

gsllesez, suspenders, 'gallowses', braces. [plur. of gaxe//es, which is already plural. Thus gax//eses is a double plural.] E.g. 'Eh, au'v brokkn e gae//es wi' liftin t' forniter ebeet; au'st a' te put mi Sundi goellegsgz (" Sunday", or best, braces) on nee.' gslles (2), ad., 'gallous', wanton, headstrong, given to evil ways, wicked. [from ME. galwes, a gibbet,-thus meaning gallows- minded, for which cp. OE. geai/gua- mod.] E.g. (1) 'Thi zy nout te du wi' im, i'z naut (only) e gae/Zes en.' (2) 'Jue Eg (Haigh) lass ez gettn reit goe//gs ; u gues goeddlin wi' anni yung chep 'et'll on." gallewi, a galloway, or pony, not over sixteen hands. [So named from Galloway in the SW. of Scotland, where that type of horse used to be bred especially.] gaelker, galker, ale in the brewing, while it is ' working ' or fermenting, when it is pale yellow. [Formed on gyle, a brewing (origin obscure) + ON. Zer, a tub; i.e. a tub for brewing, then the liquor in it. (See N.E.D.)] gem (1), gom (sometimes), a game, jest, sport ; pleasure. [OE. gamen, game, sport, taunt.] E.g. ' Let's sv e et keerdz (cards).' gzm (2), ad;., game, plucky ; also lame, hurt. See gsgmmi below. gem (3), w.v5., to play, sport ; to pretend, sham. [OE. guamiazx, to sport ; to deceive.] ad}., lame; also shamming, deceiving. gon en; i guez te iz wark, wol while) i zz e gaze (or leg." (2) 'Duen't biliv im, mester, i1'z nobbet (pretending).' (3) 'That chap «kts i'z pre- tendin.' gammon, nonsense, jest. [OE. gamen, sport.] E.g. ' Wat i sez ez ol gremmen; tek noe nuetis on im, mun.' gsnner, a gander.

[OE. gandra, ganra.]

E.g. (1) ' Mi fether'z

Huddersfield Dialect

gauzerz

gsenger, a foreman over a gang, esp. of navvies. [ON. gang, a crew of persons; cp. OE. garg, a going.] gsentri, a gantry, a wooden frame on which casks stand. [Prov.E. gan or gau», a tub (prob. a contraction of gallon, originally a large bowl) + OE. £720, a tree, timber.] gsepstied, gepstid, gapstead, a place in a wall or hedge where a gap has been made for cattle to go from field to field. [ME. gappe; ON. gapa, a gapt+ OE. stede, a place ; or ON. sitzethi, a stead, place.] gsrrit, a garret, a room on the top floor of a building. [ME. garite; OFr. garite, a place of refuge, a watch-tower.] gat, get, got. g»', gey, p.4., gave. gi. gseviek, a gavelock, crow- bar; a pointed piece of steel ; a large, thick needle (?). [OE. gafe- loc, or ON. gaflok, a spear, javelin.] E. g. Mother, to daughter sewing : lass! thae'z gettn e nidl lauk e gxvighk, mun ; get e mich fauner ner that, prethi !' gai, gaiz (ai = modern 1), words used in mild oaths and exclamations ; very probably softened forms of like gou. E.g. (1) ' Bi gai (or gou) au keen't faund it!' (2) 'Gaiz »eng thi! thae'r olis mxengkin ebeet en' duin nout.' garth, an enclosure, yard, croft ; also a hoop, band, or girth put round a cask. [ON. garthr, gerthi, an en- closure; cp. OE. geard, a yard, &c.] a ' tub-garth ', and the surnames 'Applegarth ', ' Garside'. The latter probably was Gar/k-sid (see saud), originally, i.e. Garth- side. gaud, w.v5., to guide. [ME. gyden ; OFr. guider, to guide.] gauder, a guider, a tendon of the leg or arm, a guiding muscle. gauzersz, gizerz (older form), guisers or disguisers,-groups of village youths who, disguised in masks, used to visit houses at night ' mum-

See get. See giv,

eg, pear; ei, reign ; qu= e + u; ig, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o +u ; ug ; poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

39

Page 70

gebl

and declaiming short plays. [ME. gise, guise ; OFrt. guise, way, manner ; Zesgwiser, to disguise.] E.g. A band of youths, on entering a house, would introduce them- selves by saying : ' Wi'r kummin 1' gauzin, dun yq no, and would then start ° mumming', &c. gebl, gevl (older form locally), a gable ; the triangular end of a house-roof. The gévl-end of a house is that which has a gable on it. [ME. gable; OFr. gable, from ON. gafl, a gable.] geel (1), geil (?), gol (1), the gall or yellow matter running from weak eyes. [prob. OE. geai/la, gall, bile; cp. ON. gall.} E.g. 'Wen au waeknd this moernin mi in wer reit gegld (gold) up.? geel (2), gol (2), a sore place. [prob. OE. gealla (1) bile, (2) a sore; and see gol (2).

geen, a gown, loose robe. [ME. goune; cp. W. gwn.] geerd, w.vo., to guard. [OFr.

garder; cp. OE. weardian, to ward.] geet, gout. goute.] e gein (1), gen (1), gign (1), ed;., gain, near, short; convenient, handy. [ON. gegn, direct, helpful.] E.g. (1) 'This fuit-pzeth 's e gers we te t' chorch.' (2) Wich ez t' génist we (rued) te t' steéshen ?' gein (2), gen (2), gien (2), w.v5., to gain, obtain, get advantage. [prob. Fr. gaigner, gagner, to obtain, get, win.] gep, gop, w.v5., to gape, to open. [OE. geapan, to ger, a variant form of get. gerdl, a griddle. See greddl. | | gern (1), w.vo., to set one's teeth in pain or pleasure; to grin. [ME. grennen; OE. grennian, to grin.] E. g. (1) ' Wen t' dokter put iz nauf (knife) inte mi finger, au feer gernd. Bet the noz au sed nout.' (2) ' Yo lzedz ez olis gernix en' méekin fun e uther fuek; but yo duen't si wat fuilz yo'r méekin e yersénz.'

[ME. goute;

Hudderspeld Dialect

get gern (2), w.vd., to yearn, desire, long for. [ME. geornen, yernen ; ON. girna, tolong for ; cp. OE. giernan, to yearn.] See yern. E.g. Elderly widow : ! Au wer left wi' six childer te work for en' bring up, en' it wer wark inuf, au ken tell ye ; bet nee et the'n ol gettn wed en left mi te misén, mi art (heart) reit gernzs for em bak, monni en' monni e taum.' gernzi, a guernsey, or knitted woollen jacket, a jersey. [From Gz#ernsey, one of the Channel Islands.] gers, grass. [ME. gras, gers; OK.. goers.] This word reminds me of two former village playmates, a boy and a girl, playing in a reaped hay-field. The girl had just returned home from her first term at a boarding-school, and was eager to display what she had learnt there. 'The munnet ', she cor- rected him, 'kol gers gers, it's grass, en' strie ez s¢r0 ;' ' en', she added, after a pause of mental effort, ' yo mus'n't say the te mi now, yo mun se y5.'

gers-drék, grass-drake, so-called, probably, because of its ' draking' noise (see drék) among the long grass. - Called less often a ' kogrn- kreék ' (see kréek): the corn in the W. Riding is two or three weeks later in growth than it is farther south. gersl, an old form of grisl, gristle, a tendon. [OE. grisfe/.] gert, ad;., sometimes used for gret, which see. geslin, gezlin, a gosling or young goose. [prob. ON. a gosling. Cp. OE. gos, a goose.] get (1), $.4., got. See get. get (2), yet, a gate, door, means of entrance. [ME. gate, yate; OK. got, geat, a door, opening.] get-oil, yet-oil, a gateway or open- ing for a gate. get (3), giet, yet, a gate or road, way, lane, street. [ON. gata, path.] Note. 'This use of gate is common in N. English towns and villages for street; e.g. Westgate, Northgate,

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; i, see ; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; su = &+ u ;

40

Page 71

get-erdz

Kirkgate, etc. Also in sayings, such as: 'Get egt e' t' (get out of the way)," and ¢ Get gget en' oss (get started and try).' See egat.

get-erdz, yet-erdz, aczv., gatewards ; towards, or part of, the way. E.g. ' Au'll gu e géferds wi' thi (I'll go part-way with you).' get, p.4. get, gmt, p.p. gettn, gottn, str.vb., to get, obtain, beget. [ME. geten ; ON. geta; cp. OE. -gietan, to get.] gether, w.v5., to gather. gaderian, gadrian.} getherin, a gathering, tumour or abscess, esp. on the hands. gevl, a gable. See gébl. g1', g1', p.4. go', g', gi'd, p.p. gi'n, gi'd, sir.vo., shortened forms of giv, which see. E.g. (1) '* GZ it im (emphatic)! 'Au'll g/ thi this.' (2) ' Tha g2' mi nout for it.. gx thi tuppins, en' yar Ann's thi summet en' ol." gi'd, weak Form of verb giddi, aa7., giddy, frolicsome, wanton, merry. [ME. late OE. gidig.] 'That lass ez ez gidd?i ez they men (make) em.' giddl, to giggle, of which verb it is a variant. giddl-gseddl, a narrow, winding way between walls or hedges. [prob. (1) from gida/, to giggle, and gaedd?, to roam or wind about ; thus mean- ing a path so winding or narrow as to make people giggle when going along it ; or (2) from giggle-gagple, with same meaning. gign (1), gien (2). See gein (1) and (2). E.g. 'It's ez gie» egien,' i. e. twice as near (a distance). giger, gear, dress ; tackle. Gierz, plur., gears, harness for a horse. [ME. geare, gere; prob. Scand.; cp. ON. gervi, gear, apparel ; but cp. also OE. gearwe, dress, prepara- tion, &c.] gies, gis, geese. gos, a goose.] gig, a two-wheeled, light carriage. [prob. Scand.; cp. ON. geiga, to shake.]

[OE.

[OE. g2s, pl. of

Huddersfield Dialect

gizaurn

[ME. Of imitative

giggl, w.v6., to cackle, titter. gagelen, to cackle. origin.] gill, a ghyll, ravine, chasm. [ON. gil.) gilt, a young female pig. [OE. gi/te; cp. ON. gimber, gimmer, a pet name for a child-now infrequent. [ON. gimbr, a ewe lamb.] E.g. A homely old woman wistfully watch- ing children in a country school playground : ' Eb, they men sum din, méster, duen't they ? But the'r ol gimbers yo non; bless 'em ! ' gim blit, a gimlet, a small boring-tool. [OFr. guimbelet.]} See wimbl. gi'n, p.p., given. See gi' and giv. lit-gi'n, part.ad}., light-given, in- clined to wantonness and lascivious- ness. See lit. ginnil, a narrow passage between high walls or houses. [OE. gizz, an opening + dimin. suffix eZ.] gip, w.v5., to heave, or open in the throat ready to vomit ; also to gulp. [OE. géeapan, to gape, to open ; or a variant of gup, which see.] giv, p.4. gmy, gey, p.p. givn, gin, str.vb., to give. [OE. giefan.] See gI'. giv ovver, give over, a phrase often used, peculiarly, for give up, cease, stop doing. E.g. (1) ' Giv ovver tokin wol tha ken tok sense.' (2) t Au s't giv ovver zevin' out te du wi thi nee, au'm stold on thi.' gizaurn, a goose-iron, a tailor's smoothing-iron, larger than the ordinary flat-iron. [A contracted form of guis (goose) and &urn, which see.] Formerly it was also frequently used by housewives for smoothing out ribbons, lace, &c. The steel smoothing-surface, from long use and careless heating, often became a deep 'steely' blue. Hence the allusion in the often heard phrase : 'ez bliu ez ¢ gizautn.' E.g. 'Jim Kaye izn't e Tueri (Tory) sez tg? Wau, i'z ez blin ez e gizaurn \'

eg, pear; ei, reign ; eu = g+ u; ig, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou= o ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; aZso dl for gl ; tl for cl.

8280

41

G

Page 72

gizer

gizer, a mummer, a masker; hencean old cheat or rascal. See gauzerz. Said especially of an elderly person who isn't as good.as he pretends to be morally : ¢ Eh, 1 'z e oud giZzgr, i iz, i guez te t' chorch regilerli, but noz.' gizn, giznd, the windpipe, gullet, weasand. See gizn, w.vb., to choke, to heave, gulp. E. g. 'Wat wi' th' stink en wat wi' t' sit on 't (sight of it), au feer giznd en ol. N.B. As all English words :wisZ initial g!- are pronounced in this dialect iritial ad/-, such words will be found under D, antec, p. 22. gob (1), a part or portion ; a lump of something. [OFr. godet, a small portion.] gob, w.vo., to gob, to seize suddenly upon a small portion of anything, esp. to snatch up a handful of marbles at play, and run away with them. If, in achieving such an act, a big boy cried out ' Gobz', the deed was deemed 'lawful ' by the smaller boys robbed - unless some bigger boy, chancing by, caught him and 'brayed' him till he gave back the plundered marbles to the now delighted youngsters.

gob (2), the mouth. [K.; cp. Gael. gob, beak, mouth.] gobbler, the mouth; that which gobbles. [OFr. gobder, to devour.] It is a local tradition that the old ' (women-' doctors ') used to say to a patient: 'Oppn thi gobbler en' put eet thi loligher (tongue).' gobi, a gaby, simpleton, fool; one easily deceived. [perh. either from Lat. gobius, the gudgeon, a fish easily caught ; or another form of gaby, a simpleton, from ON. gap?, a heedless fellow.] gofer, a batter-cake, oblong, flat, and honeycombed, cooked on the fire in irons specially made. Not very common. [Fr. gaufre, a honey- comb, a wafer-cake.]

Huddersfield Dialect

goP

goit, a channel made between a river and a dam or pond, to fill the latter with water. [ME. gote, a channel ; OE. gota ; geotan, to gok, gouk, guek, a gawky, clumsy, left-handed person; also a simple- ton. [prob. from OFr. ga/c, the left hand (W.W.D.); but cp. ON. gaukr, the cuckoo. - Of difficult etymology. See N.E.D.] goki, gouki, gueki, ad;., left- handed ; hence clumsy. [(?) OFr. left hand.] E.g. (1) A left- handed cricketer bats or bowls goki; the left hand is the goki- send; a boy ' poizez' with his goki fuit, but, may be, uses a knife with his 'reit end'. (2) 'Put them dishes deen efuer the breiks em: tha'r feer gokz.' gok, gou, gum are all, like gai, softened forms of 'God' used in mild oaths and exclamations, as bi gok, ? gou, bi gum, &c. gol (2), geel (2), w.v6., to gall, chafe, irritate, itch. [OFr. galler, to chafe.) gom, w.v5., to take heed, to heed, notice, recognize. [ON. guma, geyma, to heed ; cp. OE. gyman, to heed.] E.g. ' Wen au went past im i nivver mi et ol.' gomliss, guemliss, ag7}., careless, heedless and clumsy. gaum, heed, care + lauss, less ; cp. OE. gyme-leas, careless.} E.g. ' Thee gommliss nuppit ! thae's guen en' brokkn enuther dish.' gomz, playing places-fields, &c. [OE. gomen, gamen, game, sport, play ] 'Let's gue en lek (play) up 1' t' goms.' gonder, a gander. See gsenner. gontlit, gontlit, gauntlet, a glove. [OFr. gantelet, a small glove.] gop, w.vb., to gape, stare open- mouthed. See gép. gop, a vain, frivolous, even wanton, young woman, one without self- respect. [prob. ON. gop?, a vain person.] E.g. an actual scene of thirty years ago, illustrative alike of gop and of the march of events:

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate; e, pen; e, her ; 1, see; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute; u, put ; su =

42

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gordin

Large, elderly woman at door of house, as she stares 'dleuin' at a strange new sight-a young womans cyclist riding by-exclaims hotly to her: 'Thee gret gop! shem on thi !' Then, to her next neighbour : ¢ Hei, Mrs. , kum luk : did ye ivver si sich e breznd sit ez yond ?' gordin, the upper Colne Valley pro- nunciation of gardezx. gorst, or gaurst, gorse. [OE. gors/.] gottn, gettn, p.p. See get. gou. See gok. goud, gold. [OE. gold.] Goudin, Gouldin, a fairly frequent local surname- Golden. gouk (1), gouki, a left-handed, clumsy person. See gok. gouk (2), a cuckoo. [prob. ON. gaukr; cp. OE. géeac, cuckoo.] E.g. < Ned en' them childer guez ebeet tegether lauk t' gowmé en t' titlinz,'-the 'titlings' being the little birds which fly after the cuckoo. See gok. Gouker, Golcar, a large township in the Colne Valley. {[In Domes- day Book G#dlagescar, Giuthlac- scar = (prob.) the carr or scarr (rocky edge) of Guthlac, a Danish owner.] graddl, greddl, w.v5., to graddle, to parch or toast on a griddle. See greddl. gren, p.4., ground. See graund. grand, ad;., grand, fine-expressive of great admiration. [OFr. graxd, great.] E.g. (1) ' Thaet miusic's reit feer (2) ' U 'z e grsend lxess, u 1z.' grenj, gronj, w.vo., to grange, to grind the teeth together; to be hard and gritty to the teeth. [OFr. grincer,to grind or gnash the teeth together.] E.g. (1) ' Th' pén feer med mi grsex} mi tith.' (2) 'This meit 's toff en' graxenjes (gronjez) i' mi tith.' gronji, ad;., gritty, hard to chew. E.g. ' Au duen't lauk this meit, it's te grsex7? (or gronj?) fer mi.' gratter, gréeter (later form), a grater or scraper. [Fr. graiie, a scraper.]

Hudderspeld Dialect

grees

gratter, w.vo., to gratter, scrape, grate. [Fr. to scrape.] graum (1), grime, soot, a black smut. Scand. ; cp. Swed. grima, a smut ; an. grim, soot.] graumi, ad;., grimy, sooty. muer-graum,moor-grime; drizzly or misty rain; though probably it really means the black dirt which the local heavy moor-mists cause to cling on the faces and clothes of people, and also on the heather, grass, stones, &c., upon the moors. Graum (2), Griem, the local pro- nunciation of the not uncommon surname Graham or Graeme. graund, grind (older form), $.4. gren, grun, sir.vo., to grind. [OE. grindan.] graund-sten, grindsten, a grind- stone. See grindl-sten. graup, a gripe or grip, a grasp, firm hold. [OE. See also grip. graup, p.4i. gruep, graupt, p.p. graupt, gript, w.wo., to grasp, seize hold of, gripe. [OE. grZpan.] graus or gris, griz (older form), gries, steps, a flight of steps. Now obsolete, except, probably, in the name Grazs,- or Grice-, Hall, near Kirkburton. [ME. gree, gre, a step; OFr. gre. From Lat. gradus.] greddl, graddl, gerdl, a griddle ; a pan, or a metal mesh, for baking cakes, or roasting meat, over the fire. [ME. gredil ; OFr. gredil, a grill.] gredli, ad;. & adv., gradely, good- looking, proper;-a word much used in Lancashire, but in this dialect only near the border of that county. [ON. greithliga, readily ; from greitha, ready, prepared.] greend, older grund, ground, land, earth. [OE. grund.] grees (1), grouse. [Origin unknown ; prob. Fr.] grees (2), w.v5., to grouse, grumble, mutter. [ME. gruccken; OFr. groucier, groucher, to murmur.] See gruch.

eg, pear; ei, reign ; eu = ie, pier ; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

43

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greet

greet (1), the throat. [OE. gr#/4, throat ; also gulf, grot.] gridi-greet, griedi-greet, lit., a greedy-throat, a name applied to any one, esp. a child, too greedy with food or sweets. [OE. gr®dig, greedy +grut.] - E.g. in the old riming 'nominy':; 'Oud gyid/- gregt, Thae'll turn thi muther eet,' said by one child to another when the latter has refused to share something good, as a 'tréekle- shauy ', toffee, or ' spaus '. greet (2), gruet, a groat or grain of oats. [OE. grifit, a corn-grain.] grein (1), gren (1), a grain of corn. [ME. grein ; OFr. grain. (Lat.)] greinz, grenz, malt after being used in brewing. grein (2), gren (2), properly a stalk or stem of a plant; hence a prong of a fork ; a fork. [ON. grein, a branch, a stem.] grein (3), gron (3), w.vo., to grain in painting wood, &c., still a com- mon method of decorating doors, window-frames, &c. greiz, grez, w.vo., to graze (cattle, &c.); also to scrape lightly. [ME. grasen; OE. grasian, to feed on grass ; cp. ON. gresja.] grenj, gronj (older form), a grange, granary, barn. [OFr. E. g. in the names of several farm- steads, and larger houses in this district. gret, great, big, large. gret, greet; OE. great.] The word Zerge is never used in this dialect. greter, a gratter. grou, p.1., grew. See grou. greu-und, greu-end, a greyhound. [ME. greihound; cp. ON. grey- hundr, from grey, a hundr, hound, male dog.] gridi, griedi (older form), ad.,

[ME.

scraper, grater. - See

greedy. [OE. grzedig.] gridi-greet, griedi-greet. See greet (1).

gries (1), greis (old form), grease, fat. [OFr. greisse, fatness.]

Huddersfield Dialect

grobbl

gries (2), gris, steps. Obsolete. See graus. griet (1), grit (1), grit, sand-dust. [OE. greot.] grieti, griti, ad}., gritty. griet (2), grit (2), w.vo., to greet, cry, weep. [OE. gréotan, groetan.] E. g. ' Get off te t' skuil, en' duen*t stzend grigtin I have heard such a use of the word, but it is now uncommon. griez, w.vd., to grease, smear with grease. See gries. To 'griez in' with a person is to flatter or wheedle him into friendliness and, if need- ful, generosity ; to ' soft soap ' him. griezi, ad}., greasy ; hence wheedling, insinuating. ' Yond'z e grigs? chap, i 'z olis trauin te tuitl sumdi up fer izsén.' grin-sos, green-sauce, the plant sorrel, formerly much used with meat. grind, w.v5., to grind. See graund. grindl, a bar or rail, a fire-bar ; a handle. bar.] E.g. 'Au lauk e unyen (onion) toisted bitwin t grindi/s.' grindl-sten or -stuen, a large, round stone with a handle-daz to turn it. See graundsten. grip, grup, gruip, graup, a furrow, gutter, channel. [OE. grep, a furrow ; cp. ON. greipa, gropa, to groove.] gris, griz, gries, steps. See graus. grisl, gersl, gristle. [OE. grisfe/.] grit (1), grit, fine sand. Seegriet (1). grit (2), w.vo., to cry. Seegriet (2). griuil, gruel. [OFr. graue/.] grizzl, w.vo., to fry or roast slowly ; to char, burn by over-roasting. [Origin doubtful ; perh. a confusion of griddle with frizzle?]} E.g. (1) ¢ Au telld thi te greddl this chop on' t' faur, en' thae'z grizz/d it ommest te e krozzil.' (2) ' This meit 's gettn ovvg-dun; it's e bit ¢ t top. grobbl, w.vd., to grope about, to feel about with the fingers or a stick. [prob. a frequentative of gruep, to grope, which see.] E.g. ' Au dropt

& as a in glad ; a, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen; e, her ; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; su = &+ u;

Page 75

groit

e sixpins, en' au sed te ebecet 1' t dark fauy minnits efuer au fxn it.' groit, gruet (2), a groat, a fourpenny piece. [ME. grote; OFlem. groote.] grond, a@;., grand, fine. Obso- lescent. [OFr. grand, great, &c.] gronni, granny, grandmother. (Still used.) gron-fmther, gron-mutber, grand- father, grandmother. [OFr. grand + OE. faether; modor.] gronj (1), w.vb., to grind the teeth together. See gronj (2), a grange, farm-house, barn. See greny. gront, gront, w.v5., to grant, con- cede; give. [ME. grawniten ; OFr. graunter, to assure, guarantee.] grou, p.4. greu, griu, p.p. groun, sir.vo., to grow. [OE. growan.] gruch, w.v5., to grutch, grudge ; grumble. [ME. to mur- mur; OFr. growcier, groucher.]

The word is used in Lancashire, and the W. Riding borders of it. See grees (2), which is much commoner here.

gruen, to groan. [ME. gronen ; OE. granian.} gruep, w.v5., to grope, feel one's way. [OE. grapian.] grues, a gross, twelve dozen; bulk, the whole. [OFr. gros, grosse, great.] grueser, a grocer. gruet (1), a groat, grain of corn. See greet (2). gruet (2), a groat, fourpenny piece. See groit.

gruey (1), a groove, channel. [Du. groeve.] grugey (2), a grove, wood. [OE.

graf.) , gruin, the groin or snout of a pig. [ME. groin; - OFr. groing. (W.W.D.)] gruip, a grip, furrow. See grip. grum, a@7., grim, repellant, severe ; angry. [OE. grum, grim, fierce.] E.g.,. ' Wen au zext mi fxther fer sum muer brass, i lukt ez grsm:

Hudderspfeld Dialect

gut

ez e bull-dog, en' went eet e' t' duer.' grun, p.p., ground. See graund. grun-degn, ground-down, flour and bran together. grund, ground, earth: old form of greend, which see. grunsil, the plant groundsel. [OE. grundeswelge.] grunz, grounds, sediment, dregs; also called do/kemsz or bottoms, and or settlings. grup, a furrow, groove. See grip. gruvl, w.v6., to grovel, to lie flat on the ground. [ON. grw/Zle, to gu, gue, p.4. went, p.p. guen, vo., to go, move. [OE. gan, to go.]

gued, a goad, pointed stick. [OK. gad, a goad.] Cp. ged. guek, a simpleton, fool. See gok, gouk. guemliss. See gomliss.

See gu, gue. [OE.

guen, gone. guer, w.v5., to gore, pierce. gar, a spear.] guest, a ghost. breath.] guet, a goat. [OE. gat.] guid, adj., good. [OE. god.] guin, pres.p., going. See gu. guis, a goose. [OE. gas.] gulli, gullit (older form), a gulley, channel, ravine ; also the throat, gullet. [ME. golet ; Fr. goulet.] gum, the gum, the fleshy part of a jaw. [OE. goman, jaws.] gum. See gai, gou, &c. gumps, sulks, bad humour. [cp. ON. gumsa.] - E.g. ' Thi fether'z 1' t gumps, this moernin.' gumshen, gumption, common sense, shrewdness. [prob. from ON. guma, to take heed. See gom.] gup, w.vb., to gulp. [ME. gulpen ; Du. gulpen,to swallow.] thi tig (tea) deen, en' luk gush, rapid talk ; fussy talk ; flattery. [cp. ON. gusa.] gust, a gust, sudden blast of wind. [ON. gustr.] gut, a channel; a bowel, generally in plur., guts. [OE.

[OE. gast, spirit,

eg, pear; ei, reign ; qu = ; ie, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

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Page 76

gutter gutter, a gutter, groove, small channel.

guzzl, w.vo., to swallow greedily and long. [OFr. gosi/lier.]

I, i

i (1), theeye. [ME.eigZe, eye; OE. éage.] See in. 1 (2), i (unemph.), per.$r0., he. [OE. 22.] 1 (3), ei, ad7., high. [OE. keéak, hen.] 1°, prep., shortened form of iz. [OE. in. ich, w.v5., to hitch, move, stir. [ME. Zicchkenr, to move.] E.g. (1) ' Ich thi fit up, sue 'z e boddi ken get pest thi' (2) 'Au dorsen't ich, efléd th' chauld 'ed waekkn.' id, ied, w.v5., to heed, mind, care, take notice. [OE. Aédan.] E.g. ¢ Nier IZ wat th' tuther laedz sez; id thi teicher.' iddn, p.p., hidden. See aud. ied, head. See yed. iel, w.vd., to heal. make whole.] ield, ild, w.v5., to yield. See yield. iem, im, evening. [OE. %/en, Zfen, latter part of day, after sunset.] iegmin, imin, evening. [OE. E.g. (1) Cobbler:-'Au'll zv thi buits reddi for thi te moern i' th' rem (or im)" (2) 'Th iming (ieminz) gets shorter wen Feb- riuzrri kumz in.' iep, a heap, pile. See yep. ier (1), adv., here. [OE. 227.] ler (2), eier, adj., higher. Rierra.] eiist, highest. [OE. i'er (3), adv., ever. See ivver. iqrd, heard. See yer. iers, a hearse. See yers. ierth, earth. See yerth. iest, cast. See yest (2). Tester, Easter. See Yester. iet, yet, heat. [OE. iez, ez (obsolete older form), ease. [OFr. aise.] iezi, ézi, ad}., easy. ig (1), mood, temper, a huff, quarrel (E). [OE. Zyge, mind, mood.]

[OE. to

[OE.

Hudderspeld Dialect

ing ig (2), ug, w.vo., to hig or hug; to embrace, clasp ; to carry. [prob. Scand.; cp. ON. to soothe, comfort.] See ug. iggl, w.vd., to higgle, to hug or carry a pack round with things for sale, to hawk. [prob. a frequentative of ig (2).] __ iggler, a higgler, hawker, esp. of cloth, &c. igok, igou, milder forms of swearing. ik, to itch, tingle. [ME. ; OE. giccan, to itch.] E.g. Mother :-* Giv ovver skrattin se mich, wi' thi !' Boy :-' Au keen't elp skrzettin, mun ; mi suer spot ks wol au kan't ebaud.' ikkl, an icicle. [OE. gice/ = ON. jokull, a piece of ice.] See ausikkl. ill (1), ull, w.vd., to cover up. [ME. Ahylilen, hulen ; cp. ON. hylja, and OE. helian, to conceal, cover.] E.g. 'The'z ild t'chauld up, wol it's ommest smuerd (smothered) 1' t' bed-tluez.' ill (2), ad;., ill,-but only in the sense of vile, evil, wicked. It never means sick. [ON. #/l/r, bad, evil, &c.] E.g. First gossip :-' That wummen 'z e en, en' er fxether wor efuer er: (lowering voice) i sarvd tu yer i' prizen.' Secord gossip :-'1! tha nivver sez! ' ilin, a covered space under a sloping roof (E.). [OE. 2%/an, to cover.] im, imin, evening. See jgm. im, per.prox., him. [OE. Aim.] in, p/zr., eyes. See i. [ME. eyer; OE. eagan, eyes.] indlift, inlift, a beef-joint cut from the Aizder part of an ox-carcase, the rump-bone, aitch-bone. [Origin uncertain.] ineg, short form of bi-nee, i.e. by now, by this time. inerdz, inwards; inward part of the body. ing (1), p.4. ung, ingd, w.vo., to hang up, to cause to hang. See seng. [ME. kemngen; OE. khangian, or ON. Zengja, to hang (Skt.).] The form sng (hang) is used in the

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see ; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u = &+ u ;

46

Page 77

ing Huddersfield Dialect jaust

dialect almost solely in reference to the punishment of hanging (see seng); but even in that use the p.p. xg is as com- mon as sngd. E.g. 'Fussi fuek olis went te bi t' forst i' out 'et's guin on: they woddn't wet ther torn (their turn) te bi ung.' ing (2), a meadow. [ON. ing, eng, meadow.] A frequent W. Riding name for a close or field. iniu, ineu, inou, (older forms), plur.adj., - sufficient, - abundant. [OE. genoge, pli. of genoh, geniog, enough.] E.g. 'ixits pinz', 'iniv porridge', 'ixis fuek'; and see inuf. Note. An older pronunciation, which I used to hear as a boy, was iniuh, inguh, with the final guttural aspirate clearly sounded ; as in toh, troh, woh, peh, laih, which see.

inséns, w.v5., to insense, to make one understand, to explain clearly. (Lat.) E.g. an old man, being asked the meaning of a word he had just used, said :-' Au keen't reitli zxsexs yo ebeet wat it mienz (means) '. intek, an intake, a piece of land 'taken in' to a farm from a wood or common near by. See inuf, ad7., adv., enough, sufficient(ly). [OE. genohk.] See iniu. ip, the hip. [OE. Aye.] ippin, a hipping, a cloth wrapt round a child's hips. it (1), $.4. mgt, pp. ittn, sir.vo., to hit, strike. [ME. ; ON. Ai¢ta, to strike, &c.] it (2), perpro., nomin., it,. [OE. Rit, it, neuter of he, he.] it (3), its. [ME. hit, it, its.] Note. In OE. and ME. the next. (and m:.) possessive was Ais, while by the four- teenth cent. 27? was also in use for the possessive. During the seventeenth century both Z¢s and A#? as possessives were displaced in lit. Eng. by its. however, in the form it has continued in the dialect down to the present day. E. g. (1) Farmer:; 'Put th' orse mobz on it yed, en' txzk it koern ewe thre't.

(away from it)" (2) Fond mother :- ¢ Kum te if mzmmi, doi! (darling). ivver, l'eor, adv., ever. [OE. fre, ever.] ivveri, ivri, ad}., every ; lit. ever- each. [OE. »fre+ ic, each.] iz (1), per.pron., his. iz (2), is. [3. pr.t.sing. of vb. de.] i'z, contracted form of (1) he is, (2) he has. iz-séln, iz-sén, himself. [OE. his + sylfan.] See seln, sen.

J. J

Jsmb, w.v5., to jab, prod, stick. [prob. a variant of ME. jobbex, to pee? with the beak, hence to prod, &c. jJebber, w.vd., to gabble, chatter. [Of imitative origin, a weakened form of gzebber, grebble.] jeg (1), a slit, notch. [Scand. ; cp. OIcel., jaki ; Norw. jak, a notch.] jeg (2), a small load ; a saddle-bag ; a wallet. [Origin doubtful.] Jegger, one who carries a bag, a pedlar, a carter; now become a frequent local surname-Jagger. Jsek, w.v5., to jack or throw down ; to give up. [Origin uncertain, prob. same as jerk.] E.g. 'Au wer taurd e that job, su au jskt it up.' jJemp, p.7., jumped. See jump. Jem-rsgz, jam-rags, little pieces, bits. [lit. jammed-rags, from 7am, to press, squeeze.] jJsnnek, ad;., fair, honest, straight. [prob. Keltic; cp. Gael. jonanzmack, fair, just; but cp. also Norweg. dial. even, level.] jaeyvil, w.v6., to quarrel, wrangle (E.). [ME. javeilen, to wrangle; javele, a base fellow, vagabond.] jaus, jaust (1), a joist, a piece of timber to support a floor. [ME. giste, OFr. giste.] jaust (2), w.vo., 'to agiste or feed cattle for hire. An animal so fed is a (E.). [OFr. giste a place to lie in or on. 'To agisfe cattle originally meant to find them a lodging.' (Skt.)]

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu = u; ie, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

47

Page 78

JCS jeg, a share, portion (E.). same as zg (1).] jelt, w.v6., to throw under the arm, or with a jerk; to cast away. [perh. from Fr. jeter, to throw j or a variant of jerk.] jemmer, a hinge. [OFr. gesmeas, a twin; (Lat).] jerk, jert, yark, w.vo., to jerk, throw sharply, strike; to shake; to snatch, pull. [origin doubtful ; prob. all the forms are variants of one word, and connected with ME. girden, to strike, cut; to rush (Skt.).] jerkin, a short coat, jacket or frock. Now scarcely heard of. [a dimin. of Du. a frock.] Ji, ¢ gee', a direction given by a carter to his horse telling it to go on. Not peculiar to this dialect, how- ever. ji-bzk, a direction to the horse to go to the other side of the road. jibbli, jibblits, the internal eatable parts of a fowl. [OFr. gibelet.] Jill, a half-pint, #06 a quarter-pint as in many parts. [ME. gi//e, OFT. gelle, a wine measure.] jimmi, a sheep's head. proper name /ames.] jimp, w.v6., to indent, scallop, i.e. to cut the edge of cloth or other material in the form of the teeth of a saw. [Origin doubtful.] jin, a trap, snare. [ME. giz, short for exgin, a contrivance.] jinni, jenni, a spinning-machine. jip, pain, punishment. [Origin un- known ; as a in some dialects it means to cut, to clean fish, &c.] E. g. (1) ' Au'll gi thi 7ip if thae sez thet egien.' (2) 'Wen au brek mi finger, it feer gev mi 7p. job, a small piece of work ; a task of any kind. [ME. 706, a piece; OFr. gob, a mouthful.] Jog, jJoggl, w.vo., to nudge, shake, jolt. [ME. joggen; cp. W. ysgogi, to wag, shake.] jolt, w.v6., to shake. See joult. jom (1), juem, (later form), the jamb or ' cheek ' or side-post of a chim-

[prob. the

[From the

Hudderspeld Dialect

joul ney-piece or door. [ME. jau»ite; OFr. jambe, jaumbe, a leg or side ; a projection.] jom (2), the jaw, the chaul of a pig. [Either OFr. jawnite (as above), or a softened form of OE. goma, a jaw. See gum.] E.g. lauk e bit e pig-7om te mi tie (tea) better ner out tha ked gi mi.' John it! a mild exclamation or oath. JjJondis, jaundice. See juenes. jonni, a simpleton; also a dandy- fellow. {[dimin. of proper name John.] jons, jons (P), w.vo., to jaunce, prance, to dance up and down ; to hurry to and fro. [prob. OFr. to prance, as a horse.] E.g. (1) Th' koult (colt) ebeet en' nokt e fetlek egien sum timber.' (2) 'Thru th' oppn duer au so t' childer jozsiz reend e wessil-bob.' (3) ' Wi wor taurd ; wi'd jonst up en 'deen t' teen sue long.' jont, jont, w.v5., to jaunt, move up and down, jolt ; hence to ramble, stroll about. [Origin doubtful ; but prob. a variant of j0zs above. See N. E. D.).] E.g. (1) 'Raudin e ors beer-baek 's te fer mau laukin.' (2) ' Wi just reend th' teen lukin et th' shops.! JjJorem, a jorum, a large drinking- vessel ; then the g#axtity of liquor therein contained. [Origin un- certain.] E.g. 'E plet ¢ butter- shauvz (of bread) en' e e tie 'll du fer mau drinkin (tea-time) onni de.' joss, a master, leader, ' boss'; also a pet, an object of pride. [prob. from joss, a Chinese god or idol.] E. g. (1) 'They 'n feer med ¢ joss e ther (2) 'Ue 'z that chep ?' Ans. ' Oh, i 'z t' joss e this job.' joul, choul, the jowl or jaw ; head. [ME. ckavel, chaul; OE. ceafl, the jaw.] joul, w.vd., to bump, knock against, especially with the Zead. [ME. to knock the jowl or head.]

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; g, her; i, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; su =

48

Page 79

joult

jJoult, jolt, w.v5., to shake, bump about [another form of jow#/.] jubberti, jubbleti, jupperti (rare), jeopardy ; an upset, misfortune, difficulty. [ME. OFr. jeu parti, a tisk (Skt.).] Jud, Jug), familiar alternative names for George. See also Dod, Dued. Jue, Ju, short forms of /usepZ¥, Zoe, Jueb, Job. Jueni, Jonas. jJuem, a later form of jom, which see. juenes, jondis, (later form), local pronunciations of so called because of the yellow skin which the disease causes. [ME. jaunis, from Fr. jaunisse, yellow- ness,-Jjaundice.] jump, p.4. jumpt, j»mp, w.vb5., to jump, leap, start suddenly. [Scand., cp. Swed. gun»pa, to spring.] E.g. ' Wen th' orse started te run ewe, au emp eet &' t' kart1' kwik-stiks, the noz.' A jussl, w.v6., to jostle, to push against. [ME. jousteny OFr. jouster, to tilt against.]

K, k

Ksech, p.¢. kscht, kout, (later form), w.vb., to catch. [ME. cacchen ; OFr. cachier, to hunt, chase.] kmddi, a caddy, a box for keeping tea in. [Malayan word.] kseff (1), chaff, husk of grain. (Now obsolescent.) [ME. cZ@#7, caf; OE. ceaf.] keff (2), w.v5., to funk, shirk, run away (E). [prob. OE. caf, quick, nimble, or ON. 224/, 24/a, active.] chsffi, the jaw, esp. of a pig. [cp. OE. céafel, beak, snout, jaw, and ON. the jaw (pt pro- nounced /z.] kmj, w.vo., to cadge, to ask for things without paying for them. [prob. a variant, slang form of catch.] one who lives on the bounty obtained from others. kall (1), w.vo., to talk idly, to

_ Hudderspeld Dialect

ken

tattle, go gossiping. [prob. con- nected with Fr. caiileter, (// = I, see Littré's Fr. Dicty.), to tattle, gossip.] E.g. Wife:-'Yar Abe waut's olis eet Zxe/ZZin wi' t' neberz wen au koll on er. U duzn't tak sfter er muther fer that.' Husband@ :-' Nou, but it's 1 t' femli, the noz; er gronmuther wer e reit hsellgr! - See also krozzil. ksell (2), w.v6., to sit idly, to loll or crouch over. [prob. Fr. ca/irer, to ; Littré exemplifies thus :- ¢ Il passe le temp ad se caliner dans un fauteuil']} E.g. ® The kxellz ovver (or 1 t' frunt e') t' faur, mun, estied ¢' gettin thi wark dun.' ksell-oil, ksllin-oil (-hole), a room where people go to gossip. E.g. Mother to fech thi fxether thre t' 2sxe//in-oi/ (club-room) _en' tell im au want im sharp !' kmlli-fiugl, w.w6., to cheat, to deceive by wheedling. Fr. calin, coaxing, flattering, wheed- ling (which see).] _ E.g. ez sue soft 'et znni-boddi ken ZAx/li-fiug! summet eet on im (something out of him).' kglles, a callous, a hard part of the skin, a ' hoof'. [Fr. ; Lat. callus, hard skin.] ksellis, to set, heal, harden (said of a broken bone). [prob. callus, hardened skin ; in surgery -a joining of the two ends of a broken bone.] E.g. 'Th' dokter sez mi thi (thigh) 'z Zse/Zisiz vserri nausli.' km (1), kom, a crest, ridge; the ' comb' of a cock. [ON. Zambr, a comb, crest.] See kom. ksem (2), ksmd, ed;., crooked, bent. [cp. Keltic bent.] camber, a curve, arch, bend. [OFr. ca»:dre, from Keltic cam.] kzembril, a cambrel or gambrel, a bent and notched length of thick wood used by butchers to hang up carcases. [See N.E.D.] ken, p.1. kud, defect.vb., can, could,

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu = ie, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

$280

49

H

Page 80

kzenker

[OE. can, pres. t. of cunnan, to know.] kenker, canker, iron-rust ; any ex- crescence formed by corrosion. [Norm. Fr. cazcre ; from Lat.] ksenker-dauk, canker-dyke, a dyke or stream running yellow with iron- deposit. Also called okker-dauk, which see. kent, ad7;., cant, active, nimble. [Origin uncertain ; cp. Du. Zax, neat, Clever. (N.E.D.)] E.g. 'That led 'z ez Zzent ez e yung koult.' (1), w.v5., to top, beat, surpass, excel. [fr. OE. cseppe, a cope, cap (Lat).] E.g. 'Well, au nivver did! That tel (story) Zxps ol 'et ivver au yerd !' kep (2), w.v5., to cap, take by sur- prise, astonish. [prob. from OFr. caper, to seize, take (Lat. capere).] E.g. (1) 'Tha'll bi Zseptf wen the yerz ol!' (2) ' It's reit ZAsxeppin ee (how) t' wimmin lauks te kaell.' ksepper, a 'capper'; (1) some one or something surpassing ; (2) some- thing astonishing. E.g. (1) ' Well less! thae'rt t' ZAepper e ol t wimmin et ivver traud te mek e bekt puddin ; the ken biet th' (2) ' It's e reit Axepper et e " tlivver- dik" lauk thi ez wi' out (any- thing).' keppil, a toe-cap on a boot; any patch. [OFr. capel, a little cap. (W.W.D.)] See kobbl (2).

ksetr, ket, the four at cards. [Fr. quatre, four.] kar (1), a carr or rock, a scar. [OE. carr, rocky edge.] E.g. Carr

Lane, Gol-car, Grimes-car; but cp. next word. kar (2), a marsh, pond, boggy ground. [ON. 2z7arr, a pond, marshy grove.] Batley Carr. kart, kiert, a cart, vehicle with two wheels. [ON. Zartr, a cart; cp. OE. craet, cart.] karv, kierv, w.vo., to carve, cut. [OE. ceorfan; cp. ON. Akyrfa, to cut.] kaund (1), ed., kind, soothing;

Huddersfield Dialect

keerd

natural. - [OE. cyz@e, natural.] E.g. ' Th' wind 'z just te-de.' katund (2), kind (older form), nature; kind, sort. [OE. cyzd, nature.] E. g. ° Wat e stuff iz that?' kee, a cow. [OE. cit, cow.] kee-bmenger, a cow-banger, cattle- dealer, or driver. See benger. keech, a couch. [ME. OFr. coucher, to place, set down.] keef, a calf. [OE. ceal/.] See kof. Keemz, Koumz, p/#r.#., two hamlets -Cowms and Little Cowms- situate in two little valleys between Lepton and Huddersfield. [? Keltic cwm, a hollow, cup-shaped valley.] One of several Keltic place-names in this district. keensil, w.vo., to counsel, used peculiarly in the sense of to win over, to cultivate the affections of. [ME. conseil, OFr. conseil, advice, deliberation. (Lat.)]. _ E.g. (1) 'Tom 'z e reit guid chap et Zeer- sillin fuek te du ez i wants 'em. (2) Eager mother to shy, retiring son :-' Eh! au'm feer the 'z2 nuen (not) Zeensild@ e less yet; ther 'z monni e won 'ed bi vaerri willin.' keen't (1), can't, cannot. keent (2), w.vo., to count, reckon. [ME., OFr. counter, conter, to reckon.]

Note. keensil, counsel and council, keent, count, ekeent, account, keen- ter, counter, keenti, county, with others similar, are all regular dialect forms of ME. words having stem vowels in oz or (= #), derived from corresponding French words.

keer, w.v6., to cower, crouch ; linger, delay. [ME. couwren; ON. kira, to lie quiet.] E.g. (1) 'If the kegrz thi deen, the ken kriep under.' (2) 'Au s(h)ud ¢' bin ier suiner, bet au ZeerZ e bit on t' we.' keerd (1), kierd, a card, a piece of pasteboard. [Fr. carte.] keerd (2), an instrument for ' open- ing' wool and other fibrous material. Essentially it consists of wire teeth

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen; e, her ; 1, see; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; su = &+ u;

50

Page 81

Keerlkoits

inserted diagonally into leather, rubber, &c., mounted on a wooden or metal base.

[Fr. carde; from Lat. carduus, a thistle, formerly used for ' fibres.] Keerlkoits, Carlcotes, a hamlet on the moor-edge near Penistone. Originally it was a demesne with house or hall and peasants' dwell- ings. [ME. a man, 'churl', + cot, a dwelling; from OE. ceorl + cote, or ON. karl + kot.] keers, kees, kuers, (older form), az;.,

coarse, rough, common. - [Origin uncertain. See N.E.D.] keert, cart. See kart. kierv, to carve. See karv. keg, a small cask, tub. [ON.

kei, a key. [OE. ceg, key.] keis, kex, hemlock or ketlock. [ME. kex, a reed ; cp. W. cegid, hem- lock. Origin uncertain.] kek, cake, the ordinary wheaten bread. A sweet-cake is called a spaus-kéek (spice-cake). [ME. cake; ON. Zaha, cake.] E.g. (1) ' Au'v finished béekin ol mi 224 nee, en' it's guin te bi rether naus drig¥ this wik.' (2) Said of one who has been left well-provided for by his parents :-'1 'z gottn iz 22% b2kt ol reit; th' fiuter (future) 'll nuen bother inz:'. kel, w.v6., to kail, to decline in health, be weakly. a (poorly) child. [prob. from same source as Eng. gq#ail, which is of uncertain origin (N.E.D.).] kelt, money (E.). {Origin uncertain, prob. slang.] ken, knowledge, recognition-not much used now. [ME. Zemzezn, ON. Zemna, to know.] kenspek, ad7;., easy to be known (E.). [ON. Zemmispeki, the faculy of recognition.] kenspekkld, ad;., marked - or branded for recognition, as sheep, &c. (E.). kerchi (1), korchi (1), kerchief. [ME. Zerckef, coverchief; couvre-chef, lit. a head-cover.]

Dialect

keter-e-frem

sengkerchi, sngkerch, engkerch, a hand-kerchief. kerchi (2), korchi (2), a curtsey. [M]? from OFr. corteisie, a courtly act. kerk, kork, a kirk or church. Still used by old people, but formerly common, as evident in numer- ous place-names, e.g. Kirkburton, Kirkheaton, Woodkirk, Kirkgate (= Church Road). [ON. 2irk7a, borrowed from OE. cizice, church (from Grk.). The Scandinavian form, has prevailed in the N. and N. Midlands, while the OE. cir- ice or church has prevailed in the S.] kernil, kornil, a kernel. [OE. cyrne/, a little corn.] Kersmis, Christmas. [CArist + OE. mass, festival.] kersn, w.v0., to christen. cristnian.] kersnin, a christening. [OE. kest, p.7. kest, p.p. kessn, kussn, w.vb., to cast, throw ; to mould, form. [ON. Zasta.] kestin, a casting, a cast-iron article. E.g., 'Them thier Zeséfinz ez bin kussn bi sumdi et noz iz ket, offal, carrion, putrid flesh. [ON. ket, kj0t, flesh.] ketti, kettish, a2;., putrid, rotten, foul-smelling. kéeter, adv., cater, diagonally, at opposite corners. [prob. quater, four, (See N.E.D.)] E.g. to cut a piece of cloth is to cut it aslant, not straight across. keter-koernerz, sometimes kéter-e-, adv., cater-corners, across from one corner to the opposite, diagonally. E. g. ' Au wer krossin t' foer-loin- endz AZé/gr-koerngrz lauk, wen e mueter-kar kum thre bi-und e bus en' nokt mi degn.' keter-e-frmm or -e-frmen, adv., not straight, askew, tilted, out of position. [22rez + ¢, at, on, of + froem, prob. frame, shape. See fréem.) Bustling wife to hus- band at 'cleaning-down time' :- 'Well, au nivver did si! Tha 'z

[OE.

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = ie, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

51

Page 82

keter-e-wuhil

bin en' ung them pikterz ol en' sum on em 'z reit skiu-iu (quite askew).' keter-e-wuhil, like but now nearly obsolete. See wohil, wuhil. ketlek, a ketlock, or hemlock (?). [A variant of connected with OE. cedeic, a plant; but origin unknown (N.E.D.).] kierd, see keerd (1). kik, w.v5., to keek, to peep, look. [prob. ON. to peep.] Obso- lescent. kil, kuil, z7/., keel, chill, cool. [OE. ciele, cile, col, chill, cool.] kil, kuil, w.v5., to chill, cool. [OE. cilian, célan, colian, to cool.] kiln, an oven. [OE. cy/z, from Lat.] Kilner, one who has charge of a 22/7 or drying-house for wet cloth. The word is a frequent local surname. kind, nature; kind, sort. See kaund (2). kindl (1), kinl, w.v6., to light a fire. [A Scand. form, Zyzd@i//, of OE. n. candel, candle, torch, and prob. from Lat. candela.] kindlin, kinlin, fire-wood, wood to kindle a fire. kindl (2), w.v5., to give birth to, esp. of rabbits. [ME. Zind@/exn, from OE. cyad, nature.] kink (1), a chink, nick, slit, crack. [ME. ckixe, OE. cinuv (a cleft), strengthened by final 2.] kink (2), kingh, a twist, as in a rope. [Scand. ; cp. Swed. Aixé, a twist.] kink (3), to gasp, choke in breathing. [ME. éimZex, to gasp, catch the breath; prob. Scand. origin.] kinkoff, a kinking cough, whooping- cough, 'chincough '. See koff. kinkost, another name for whooping- cough. See ost. E.g. 'That chauld 'z Zinkin egien ; au'm fled it's gettn t' (or t' kinkof).' kipper, a young boy or girl, a frolic- some, lively child. [perh. Lat. caper, goat ?] kipperish, kippersum, frolic- some, lively, capering like a goat.

Hudderspeld Dialect

kob

[perh. through Italian from Lat. caper, a goat ?] kirk, see kerk. kist, chist (later form), a chest, box, a set of 'drawers'. [ON. Zista, a chest. - Cp. OE. cyst, from which comes the modern ' chest '.] kit (1), a tub, bucket, bag. [ME. kitte, a pail; cp. M. Du. Zitte, a tub.] kit (2), kith, kindred, family, a group of known persons. [OE. kindred, acquaintance.] E.g. (1) ' U 'z nother ner kin i' ol t' world.' (2) 'Au sheen't sell th' ees (house) te them fuek ; ol t' 226 on em inuf te bau it.' kittlin, a kitten. [ME. Zet/ing, 2it- ling; prob. ON. ketflingr, dimin. of ket, a cat.] kittl (1), w.v6., to kittle, to bring forth ' kitlings '. kittl (2), w.vo., to tickle. [prob. ON. to tickle; but cp. OE. citelian, to tickle.] Obsolescent. kittl, ad7., touchy, tickle, difficult to deal with. E.g. (1) 'Yar nobbet 2/2 te diel wi'. U 'z lauk er oud gronni (grandmother) yiust te bi-u suin flauz up' (in temper). (2). ' Thiz ez e reéther job, au duen't lauk it.'

N.B. 1. 4s all words having initial cel- (= kl-, see antea p. 2, aid 1) are pronounced in the dialect as with ti-, they are in this glossary placed under the letter TD. Thus clag, clack, clam, clap, cleam, cleave, &c. will be found as tlmg, tlmek,tlem,tlep, tliem, tliev, &c. 2. Also, since words having ini- tial gn- and kn- are pronounced with g and k silent, they are placed under N. Thus (1) gnag, gnatter, gnaw, will be found as neg, no; while (2) knack, knee, kneel, knead, knife, knit, knob, knoll, know, &c., will de found as ni, nil, neid, nau, nit, nob, noul, no, &c.

kob, cob, a piece of coal or stone. [prob. Keltic; cp. W. c0d, cop, a

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate; e, pen ; o, her; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u = &+ u;

52

Page 83

kob

tuft, lump, and OE. cop$, a top, summit.] kob, w.v6., to cob, to pelt with lumps of anything, throw stones at. kobbl (1), kobblin, a s#ea/l piece of coal or stone. kobbl (2), w.v5., to cobble, patch up, mend,-esp. boots, &c. [Origin un- certain But cp. kmeppil. koch, w.vo., to catch. See k&ech. kod, a pod, bag, husk, e. g. pea-cod ; also pillow, cushion (obsolete in this sense). [OE. a bag; cp. ON. Zoddi, pillow.] kod, w.v5., to cod, cheat, delude,

trick. [Origin doubtful; cp. W. cocgio, to trick.] koern, kuern, corn, a grain. [OE. corn.] Cp. kernil. koerner, kuerner, a corner. [OFr.

corniére.] koernish, kuernish, a cornice. [Fr. corniche.) kof, kuef, kouf, a calf. [prob. ON. kalfr.| See keef. koff, w.vo., to cough. cp. OE. cokhetan, to make a noise, prob. to cough; and ON. Ave/, a cough.] koggl, w.vo., to coggle, wobble, shake. [Origin uncertain. Cp. Welsh gogt, to shake.] koggli, ad7., coggly, shaky. koich, koiks, w.v6., to coax, wheedle, cheat. [Origin uncertain; perh. late ME. cokes, fool, simpleton ; hence Zo cokes = to befool, deceive, persuade. (N.E.D.)] E. g. t' kzxt inte th' ees en' then shut th duer on it.' koil (1), fuss, bustle, ado. [Origin uncertain ; prob. colloquial like pother, rumpus, shindy, &c. (N.E.D.)] - E.g. Son to fond mother * tuitling' him :-* Eh, muther! wen au'm dond up (dressed up), yq mekn ez mich Zoz?Z ebeet mi ez if au wer guin te mi

weddin.' koil (2), coal. [OE. ¢o/.] koil-os, koil-oil, koil-rék, coal-

house, coal-hole or -place, coal- rake.

Huddersfield Dialect

koll

koit (1), a cote, cot, small hut. [ME. cote ; OE. cot, cot, cave; cp. ON. kot, a cot.] koit (2), kuit, a coat, a covering. [ME. cote; OFr. kok (1), cock, a male bird. [OE. coce.] kok, w.vd., to cock, to stick up, to erect ; to point a weapon at. kok (2), a chap, fellow-one who ' cocks' himself; 'ouxd 202°, a colloquialism, somewhat jeering, applied to an elderly man who re- tains any appearance of vigour. E.g. In a waiting crowd an elderly fellow, with jolly red face, uttered a loud cackling laugh as he joked with his neighbour; whereupon a humorist near by exclaimed : *Ello, th' oud 20% thinks i'z led ¢ faun kok-1d, ad7;., cock-eyed, squinting. See 1 (1). kok (3), a pile of hay, a hay-cock. [Scand.; cp. Dan. 20%, a pile; ON. kokkr, lump, ball.] kok-stsengz, two stangs or poles, on which hay-cocks were carried.

kokker (1), conceit (E.). [Origin doubtful; cp. W. cocg, vain, empty.]

kokker (2), w.v5., to pamper, spoil, 'mar'. (E.) [ME. cokerer; cp. Du. Zokeler, to foster ; and W. cocri, to fondle.] kokker (3), w.v5., to cocker, pucker, wrinkle, crease; said of creased cloth. [prob. another form of kokk1l, below.] kokk1l, w.vd., to cockle, pucker up, to be creased. [Scand.; cp. Norw. kokle, a little lump.] koll (1), w.v5., to call, cry out ; name. [ON. Zail/a, to call; or OE. ceallian, to call.] E.g. said to a local ' character' with a dog: ' Wat's te 20/7 thi dog, Nés (= Eneas) ?' Answer; ' Au koll it Nuezi Pauk- er just nee.' 'Eh! wau, wat's te koll it sue for?' Ans.:; 'Fer kontréeri, lauk, 'kos au'm liernin it te maund it on (own) bizniss.' koll (2), w.vo., to call, to speak abusively or sharply to ; to scold,

eg, pear; ei, reign ; qu = g+ u; ig, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

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Page 84

kollep

taunt, deride. [prob. ON. Za/iza, to taunt, vituperate, scold. Note that the z following 11. in O Icel. words was not radical but vocal: due to the 11. being aspirated (see Cl. and Vig.).] E.g. (1) Mother; 'Waxt's te bin duin te get thi fés (face) blidin ?' Boy: ' Au'v fuffn yar Jim bikgs i kips Zollin mi' (2) Rebellious young wife : ' Au'm feer stolld e trau-in te pliez thi. Au keen't du nout for thi but wat thae'rt olis kollin mi for it. Au'm been te mi muther, en' aus't stop !' kollep, a collop, a slice of ham or bacon. [ME. cof/oppe ; of uncer- tain origin (N.E.D.).] Kollep-Mundi, the Monday before Shrove Tuesday, when a slice of bam or bacon used to be given by the village grocer to each youngster coming to his shop with the cry : 'Pray dame, a Zollop!'

Note. The word dame points far back to the time when cured or salted meat was in the keeping of farmers' wives only or chiefly. See Martlemes.

kolt, w.vd., to crouch down, cower under, bend over. [Origin obscure. Possibly connected with OE. coZf, a young horse (N.E.D.); though the latter word is e/lways pro- nounced Zow/tf and Zowtf in this dialect.]

Note (1) Like many other dialect words 'kolt' is now found only among the hill-sides and outlying dis- tricts. recently gave me the following ex- amples of its use: wi'r on e trel-unt (trail-hunt) en' t' ren kumz on, wi Zoitn under e wol wol it's ovver ; en' wen wi gettn wom, wi Zo/fs ovver t' faur te drau uz klugz (our clothes)." (2) In Shakespeare's Henry ZV, Part I, I1. ii. 35-7, if the words colt

and colted should have the meaning of

koit above-as, from the context, they might-Prince Hal's word-play would be bettered. Falstaff had probably crouched down.

kom (1), koum, a comb; as vwd., to

It was a moorland man who |

FH uddersfeld Dialect

kop

comb the hair. [OE. See kom (2), koum, ksem, kem, the comb or crest of a fowl ; so called from its serrated, comb-like edge. kom (3), $.¢, came-as pronounced in the upper Colne Valley. See kum. kommi-dik, a commy-dick ; a clay marble and one easily broken: thus 'common '. [prob. a boys' con- temptuous name for a 'common thing '.] konnikwest, konniwest, ad;., slant- ing-eyed, slightly squinting ; shy ; sly ; odd, queer. E.g. 'Yond'z e konnikwest suert ev e chep, i luks saudwez, en' i'z nout te se (say),- au keen't rekkn im up.' [Origin uncertain ; perh. from caezzy or conny, cunning, knowing + Akwist or silent.] konsarn, konseern, w.v5., to con- cern ; to make uneasy in mind ; to trouble. [Fr. comcerner, to regard. (Lat.).] E.g. ' Yar Mary 'z puerli, en au'm reit Zonsarnd (konseernd) ebeet er.' konsét, w.v6., to conceit, fancy, have a taste for. [ME. comceit; OFr. conceit.) E.g. ' Au keen't konsét thet meit (meat), it smellz wol it izn't fit te eit.'

konséted, adj., conceited, vain, proud. kop (1), to catch. [Origin

doubtful, perh. caper, to seize.] See N.E.D. kop (2), the top of anything, the head. [OE. copp.] kop (3), koppin (1), a copping, a cone-shaped reel or bobbin with a hole through the middle for fitting on to a bdroick or spindle ; also the reel when full of yarn. {prob. OE. copp, a top or head : the 'copping' has a broad ' head '.] kop, the call-word used to quieten a horse when approaching it in field or stall. [Scand. ; cp. Icel. Zaga/Z, Swed. Zkapwl, a horse; prob. Lat. caballus.]} E.g.* Kop ! kop, then! kop, !' See kush.

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; g, her; i, see; i, bit; 6, note; o, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; su =& + u;

54

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koppi

koppi, a small wood, coppice, copse. [OFr. copeiz.] koppin (2), coping of a wall, a coping- stone. korchi; see kerchi (1) and (2). kord, krud, curd, coagulated milk. [ME. curd, crud ; prob. related to OE. cridan, to crowd or: press together.] kork, kirk. See kerk. korl, a curl, twist. [ME. er#/. Cp. Norw. Zru/l/; Du. krul, a curl.] korn, a currant. [from CoriniA, whence currants come.] kornil, a kernel. See kernil. kors, a curse, an imprecation of harm. [OE. curs, cors.] kors, p.7. korst, p.p. korst, kussn, w.vb., to curse. [OE. cursian.] E. g. 'Dave swuer xt im wi' ol t' kprsgz i ked think on ; au nier yerd (never heard) anni boddi sue wil kussn efuer.' koss, kost, w.vd., to cost. costen ; OFT. coster, to cost.] kos, koz, con;., short for because. kosi, kuesi, (later form), a causeway (wrongly so called), a paved side- path. [ME. cawsie; OFr. canmcie; mod.Fr. ckawssée, a paved way.] Note how closely the dialect has pre- served the OFr. pronunciation. See drau-spokkn. kot, kotti, a small bit of brass, a brass button or other kind. Used formerly as coins of exchange among boys, and, later, in a game of pitching flat stones (called " casts') at another stone (the 'hob"') on which rest the 'kots '. [Origin uncertain.] kotter, cotter, a wedge-shaped bit of steel driven in to tighten a wheel on its axle ; also a round iron plate with a central hole, used to tighten a nut and bolt. [Origin uncer- tain.] kotteril, a small cotter, often a cleft pin to push through the eye of a bolt to secure the latter. koud, aa7., cold. [OE. ceald, cald.] Koudill, Coldwell, a frequent local surname. - [OE. c@/@+wy/llace, a

spring.]

[ME.

Huddersfield Dialect

kraeglti

Kouf, calf. See kof. kouk (1), coke, cinder. {[Origin uncertain, properly a northern and Scots word.] kouk (2), the core of an apple or pear ; figuratively, heart, courage, pluck. [ME. colé, an apple-core ; perh. from OE. ceaic, caic, chalk, lime, stone. Prob. ZowZ (1) and (2) are both of one origin (N.E.D.).] E. g. ° Mi fzether lost iz ZowZ wen i lost iz brass ; i fell puerli (ill), en' 1 wer died bifuer t' yer-end.' koul, w.v6., to rake things together. [OFr. coiliir, to rake. (W.W.D.)] kouler, a rake, an instrument with long handle for raking the roads. koul-rék, koil-rék, a rake with short handle, used especially for raking up ashes, coals, &c., about or upon a fire; hence as well as koul-rek. Kouln, Koun, the R. Colne, which rises to the SW. above Marsden and flows down the Colne valley to join the R. Calder below Huddersfield at Bradley.

[Derivation obscure. (1) Messrs. Gor- don and Smith in their valuable ' Notes on Yorkshire River- Names' (see Transactions, Yorks. Dialect Society, April 1925), suggest that the name may possibly be from Brit. *ra//aza,' river of the forest '. (2) Possibly, also, it may be from Lat. colonia, a colony. The site of the important Roman Camp at Slack in the Huddersfield borough lies on the high moor some four miles to the N.E. of

koult, kout, a colt, young horse. [OE. colt.] koum, comb. See kom (1). Koumz, see Keemz. krech, krech, a cratch, bench;

hurdle, manger or hay-rack. [ME. creeche; OFr. creche, a cnib, manger.] See krat. kreg, a crag, cliff, rocky hill. [Cp.

W. craig; Gzxl. creag, rock, crag.] krgli, kréegli, ad7., craggly, rocky ; hence wobbly, not firm; e.g. a road, a krégli table. krgzlti, ad;., wobbly, not

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = o+u ; ig, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dlfor gl ; tl for cel.

55

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krack

firm ; weak, unwell. E.g. (1) ' This ez e Arsegit? suert ev e kart.' (2) 'Au'm gettin e Arseg/t? oud maxn.' krek (1), w.vd., to crack, burst ; to praise, boast ; to chat freely. [OE. cracian, to crack, creak.] E.g. (1) ' Thi gaffer Zrséks thi up reit en' ol; the will bi preed nee.' (2) ¢ Mi fxether lauks te e bit wi'

t' neberz.' krmek-pot, a cracked head, a simpleton. krek (2), a crack ; a moment. E.g.

' Au'll bi kummin in e 2ra24.' krekit, cricket-the game, though the older name was ' bol'. [OE. crice, a crutch, staff + et, dimin. suff. - Cp. OFr. criguet.] krsengki, ad;., cranky, ill-tempered, iflrifable, feeble. [OE. craze, weak, ill. kreps, craps ; crisp bits of pig's fat after being ' or frizzled.

[prob. OFr. cresper, to curl; frizzle.] kresh, kresh, cress, watercress.

[OE. cressa.] krst, a crat, hurdle. A butcher's crat is a kind of hurdle on four legs. [prob. from OE. a cart, prob. often a kind of @ray.] Cp. krmech. krau, w.vo., to cry, weep. [ME. crien ; Fr. crier, to cry, &c. (Lat.)] a cry-baby, an elder child that seems always crying. kreddl, a cradle. [OE. crade/.] kreech, w.v6., to crouch, bend down. [ME. crowxchen ; OFr. crochir.] kreed, w.v6., to crowd, push together. [OE. criiaan, crydan.] kreed, a crowd. [ME. criid; cp. OE. gecrod.] Kreeder, Kreether, local forms of the frequent surname [Either a contraction of the sur- name Carruther, or from ME. crouder, one who plays a croude or fddle-W. c»w¢A, fiddle.] kreen, a crown. [ME. corounre; OFr. corone. (Lat.)] kreener, a coroner, called also 'crown- er'. [ME. officer of the crown.]

Huddersfield Dialect

kringkl

krees, to crouse, to call like a cat. [Origin uncertain.] krees-kset, a calling cat. kreg, the craig or crop of a fowl (E.). [ON. éragi, neck.] krek, krekl, w.v6., to creak, crackle, &c. [ME. craken ; allied to OE. cracian, to crack ; cp. ON. Arikta, to creak.] koern-kréeék, a bird, the corn-crake. [ON. Zorn, corn + ON. Zrakr, a crow.] Cp. krék above. drék, which is its more frequent name in the W. Riding. krep, p.7., crept. See kriep, krip. kréter, krieter, a creature. [OFr. creature. - (Lat.)] kreu, p.., crew, crowed. See kro. kri, w.v6., to cree, to soak rice-grains, &c., till soft. [prob. from Fr. crever, to break up, to burst.] krib, a crib, manger. [OE. c40.] kriek, krik, w.v5., to creak. See krek, kroek. kriem, cream. [OF. cresse; cp. OE. ream, cream.] kriep, krip, p.5. krep, krop, kruep, pp. kroppn, krept, sir.vo., to creep, crawl. [OE. crZopan.) kries, a crease, wrinkle ; a in cloth, paper, &c. [prob. a variant of crest, a ridge.] kril (1), a creel, a wicker-basket. [prob. ON. a basket ; but cp. OFr. crei?l, wicker-work.] kril (2), ril, a creel or reel, a large wooden frame with cords strung from side to side, on which oat- cakes or, after washing-day, clothes were spread to dry. The frame was then slung up under the ceiling near the fireplace. It was known both as bried-kril and bried-ril ; also kluez-ril. [prob. of same origin as kril (1).] See ril. Crimble, a small hamlet on a ridge on the N. side of Slaith waite, at foot of Crimble Clough. [prob. from W. crimp, a ridge + OE. el, dimin. suff.] kringkl, w.v5., to crinkle, wrinkle, crease, to twist, curl up. [prob. Du. 2rinkelen, to curl, twist.]

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; e, mate; e, pen; e, her ; 1, see ; i, bit; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u =

56

Page 87

krip

krip, see kriep. kro, #.4. kreu, kriu, krod, #.p. kron,

krod, str.v6., to crow. [OE. cra- o kroft, a croft, field. [OE. c+oft.]

krok, a crock, pot, jug ; any earthen- ware vessel. [OE. crocca.] krol, kroul, kruil, w.v5., to crawl, creep. cp. ON. Zrajfla, to grope ; Swed. to crawl.] kron, p.p., crowed. See kro. kronk, w.vo., to cronk ; cower in a heap, crouch, huddle up. [Related to OE. crivcanr, to fall ; sink in battle; to be weak, cringe.] ' Yar Joseph Albert's feer buen aud! (quite ' bone idle") ; i ev e lump efuer t' faur ol t' de.' krop, crop, head, top; also a bird's craw or upper stomach. [OE. cropp.] kropper, a cropper, one who cuts off the Zzops of fibres in the process of finishing cloth. krozzil, a hard cinder, with metallic remnants in it, which has come out of a furnace or very hot fire. A coke, or cinder, is partly burnt coal out of an ordinary fire. [prob. con- nected with OFr. a crucible or melting-pot for metals, of which the remnants would be ' crozzils '. (Cp. N.E.D.)] E.g. 'Wen the emtiz (empties) t' faur-gréet, maund en' pik t' Arozzsi/lz eet t' sinderz, koz they wien't krozzil, krozzl, w.v/., to burn to a hard cinder-as bread or meat. E. g. 'Th' Oud End' furnishes this rime: ' Kallin wauvz mienz mukki rumz, En' Zrozsi/@ joints 1 smiukin umz.' krozlin, a /2f?/e hard cinder. krud, curd. See kord. kruddl, w.vd., to curdle, coagulate ; of milk, to turn sour. krueni, a crony, used of gossiping old men ; an old chum. [Uncertain origin (N.E.D.).] kruidl, krudl, w.v5., to crowd or huddle together ; to cower, huddle or hunch up. [OE. criidan, to crowd, push together.]

Huddersfield Dialect

kuin

krumlin, a crumb, a small fragment, as of bread. [OE. crifma,a crumb + ling, dimin.

Note that the word c»xzz»#26 is never used in the dialect proper.

Krumlin, a hill or hilly ridge near Barkisland. [prob. 2rx»z, a vari- ant of W. crimp, a ridge + ling, dim. suff, Cp. Krimbl.] krump, az77., crooked, bent; hunch- backed. Obsolescent. [OE. crwm6, crump, crooked.] E.g. ' Wi fen th' oud chap Zrwspt up in iz chier (chair) kruppl, a cripple, lit., one who creeps through loss of strength. [ME. criipel ; OE.. creopel, kuddl, w.v5., to cuddle, embrace. [Possibly a derivative of OE. known,familiar, intimate kuech, kuich, a coach, carriage. [prob. Fr. cocke, a coach (Skt.).] kuef, a calf. See keof, kof.

kuerd, cord, rope. [ME.; OF. kuern, corn. See koern.

kuerner ; kuernish ; see koerner, koernish. kuers (1), ad;., coarse, rough. See keers. kuers (2), a course, a track for run- ning, &c. [Fr. course; Lat. kuert (1), a court, yard ; enclosure ; tribunal of justice. [ME. OFr. curt, a yard, &c. (Lat.)] kuert (2), w.v6., to court, seek favour, &c. [Origin ultimately as (1).] kuesi, paved side-path. See kosi. kuft (1), w.vo., to cuff, strike with hand or fist. [Scand. ; cp. Swed. kuffa, to thrust, strike.] kuft (2), a cuff, the end-part of a sleeve. [ME. c«fe. (Lat. ?)] kufter, a person of striking, bold character; an impudent fellow, a 'blade'. [Either kuft (1); or OE. cof, active, nimble, bold + suff. E.g. 'Yoer Tom 'z e reit kufter; i'r olis up te sum ev iz prenks.' kuil, adj., cool. [OE. c0/.] kuin, a coin. [ME. from OFr. coix.]

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu = ig, pier ; iu, few ; oe, boar ; o1, boil ; ou = o + u ; ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

$280

57

Page 88

kuit

kuit, a coat. See koit (2). kuk, w.vo., to cuck, lift up quickly, to chuck. [Either a variant of cock, to hold up (see kok), or from Fr. chogzer, to jolt, chuck.] E.g. 'Giv ovver ZxéZkizn thet chauld, bifuer tha lets it fol.' kulli, a cully, simpleton ; also as a pet name. [Fr. cowi?//on, a fool.] kum, kom, #. km, kum, #./. kumn, kumd, to come. [OE. cuman.] kumz, kumz, keemz, cooms, husks from malt, used for feeding pigs. [prob. Fr. éxme, refuse; but cp. ON. Zam, dust.] kush, an old name for a cow, now only used in the farmer's call Kush ! Kush / to cattle in the field, or in the soothing pet-call less!} to a cow in the mistle. [ON. Axssa, a cow.] Kus ! was the Norse milk- maid's cry to a cow." (Cl. and Vig.) kushi, kushi-kee, a child's name for a young cow. [ON. Z2xssi, a calf, young cow.] kuss, a kiss. [OE. coss, c#s, cys.] kussn, $.p., cast ; also cursed. See kest, and kors ovver-kussn, overcast. Thus: 'It's been te ren; th' skau luks ovver-kussn.? kut (1), kut, $.p. kuttn, kut, w.vb., to cut, carve. [ME. cutten, to cut. Prob. of Scand. origin.] kut (2), a canal, a channel c#? in the ground. kuts (3), cuts or ' sticks cut from twigs for 'drawing lots. [See N.E.D.] kut (4), a long, four-wheeled, open vehicle, built specially for carrying tree-trunks when cut down and trimmed. kuttl, a cuttle or bundle of cloth folded in a certain way for con- venience of handling. - [Origin doubtful.] kuzin, a cousin. [ME. cosiz; OFr. cosin, a ! blood '-relation.] kwarri (1), kwsarril (1) (older form), a square of glass or stone.

Dialect

kwishin

[ME. fr. OFr. guarrel, a square tile. (Lat.)] kwarri (2), kwgarril (2), (older form), a quarry, whence stone is delved. [ME. q#arrere, a place where stones are sq#ared; OFT. quarriere. (Lat.)] kwaerril (3), a quarrel. [OFr. guere/e. (Lat.)] Kwarmbi, Kweermbi, Quarmby, a local hamlet near Longwood. [Either (1) Keltic Zwerz, a marsh + by (Scand.), a village; or (2) OE. cweorn, a quern or handmill for grinding corn +6y. The former seems preferable, as the place lies at the low end of a small tableland, which when undrained would be marshy, as it is in parts still. kwaur, koier, a choir. [ME. g#eir; OFr. cuer, cheur.] kwaut (1), kwauet, ac;., quiet, still. [prob. from Lat. quiet.] kwaut (2), adv., quite. - Seldom used, however, in the dialect proper -reit, feer, &c., being used instead. [ME. guit, gquyte, free; OFr. quite (Skt.).] kweert, a quart. [ME., fr. quarte, (Lat.)] kwest, w.v6., to quest, search about, look for-esp. game, as in hunting. [OFr. to seek, &c.] kwier, aed;., queer, strange, odd; poorly. [Low Ger. across.] kwier-stik, a queer fellow, an oddity. See stik. kwik-stiks, used in the adverbial phrase ='? 1.e. very quickly, in a very short while. See stik, E.g. ' Au get mi wark dun 1' éwik-stiks wen au yerd (heard) mi nunkl en' nont wer kummin.' kwishin, wishin (laterform), kushin (modern), a cushion. [ME. g#issé- in; OFr. coissin, a cushion.]

Fr.

Note. My maternal grandfather, born about 1790, always used to say to me, as a boy: 'Bring mi that lxd,' but my mother used both 2wishin and wiskir. One very seldom hears the former word now, but mostly kushin.

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen; e, her; 1, see ; i, bit; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; su = &+ u;

58

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lzechit

11,1

lmchit, a latchet, a small lace for shoes ; obsolescent. [ME. ZacZes ; OFr. Zacet.] a lad, boy, but used familiarly of elderly adults also. It is some- times still pronounced Zaz, as in such phrases as 'sik im lad ', used when inciting a dog to fight an- other; and in the brief wayside greeting: 'Ne' Z@@' (or 'Nee Id). [ME. ladde, a youth; origin uncertain (N.E.D.).] lef, w.vo., to laugh. [ME. laughen ; OE.. Ahliehhan, to laugh.]

Note. The guttural final A of stem has become /, but as a boy I used to hear old people pronounce the word l&ih or laih with guttural 2.

lekki, ad;., last, as used by boys when claiming the /as? position in a game. Forri (first), sekki(second), thordi (third), are also used. lem (1), w.v6., to beat, thrash. [ON. lama, to bruise, lemja, to beat.] Boy : ' Wen au get wom aus't get wil /zemd fer runnin ewe (for playing truant) thre t' skuil.' lem (2), w.v6., to talk noisily. [OE. Alemman, to make a noise.] E.g. ' The /smsz on bi th' eer (by the hour), en nuebdi ken get e word in bisaud.' lsemmes, w.v5., to thrash, beat ; also to walk fast, hasten on. [Con- nected with lsm (1).] E.g. ° Wi men Zewemes on t' rued, er els wi st' nier reik wom efuer dark.' lend, w.v6., to land or plant a blow on some one. [OE. Zaza, ground.] E. g. 'Lzend im won on t' yed if i wien't keer kwaut.' leng, ad;., long ; still used rarely. [OE. lang.] leng-smddl, a wooden seat with high back. lang + setl, seat.] lenki, aed}., lanky, lank, lean, thin. [OE. A/anc, urine (E.); now obsolete. [OK. Alana ; ON. hland.]

long [OK.

Huddersfield Dialect

lark

lmep (1), w.vo., to wrap up, fold. [ME. wlappen, wrappen, to fold.] lp (2), w.v6., to lap or lick up with the tongue; also to mop up. [ME. lappen ; OFE. lapian, to lap, mop.] (3), the hanging part of a coat or shirt, a flap; a remnant. [OE. lzeppa, a loosely hanging part, a portion.] lmesh (1), a thong, lace, cord ; a stripe or stroke-as with a whip. [ME. lasshe, cord, lash; /ache, lace.] Boot-laces are still called ' bwuis- lzeshesz'. lesh, w.v5., to whip; to strike out hard and quickly ; also to fasten together with a cord. E.g. (1) To zsh a horse to make it go faster; (2) to Zzesk out with the fists ; (3) to /zesk together two pieces of boarding ; even (4) to /»sé* two strings together, to make them stronger, by or twining them. lesh (2), to comb the hair. [ME. Zasckenr, to comb ; a northern dialect word, prob. Scand.] E. g. ' Muther ! au'v brokkn t' kom wi' lzeshin mi eer. leshinz, hairs combed from the head, or a horse's tail. lesh-kom, a comb from the hair. less, a lass, girl. [ME. Zasse, lasce ; prob. Scand.; cp. ON. /0s¥r, weak. (Skt.)] lsest, a boot-last. track, or print.] lt (1), late ; slow in understand- ing. [OE. /»t.] E.g. ° U'z nobbet Izet v er liernin. letter, lsttist, comp. & later, latest. [OE. Ixtra, /ztemest.] (2), a lath, thin strip of wood. [OE. /sefta, a lath.] lark (1), w.vo., to lash, to strike or flick with a whip. [ON. Zeria, to beat.] (1) 'Th' drauver iz 'orse ovver t' yed with iz wip til it feer donst r' t' shafts." (2) larkt miv t fés wi' thi lesh, en' med e red rok (mark), si thi"! ' lark (2), a game, play, fun ; horse- play. [prob. same word as a bird-from its cheerful note.]

[OE. last, a foot-

eg, pear ; ei, reign; gu = g+ u; ig, pier ; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

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lau

lau, 11 (older form), w.vd., to tell a lie. [OE. ZZogan.] lauer, laur, a liar. lauk, like, similar. OE. gelic.] See elauk. lauk, adv., like; soon. [OE. gelice.] In very common use as a kind of explanatory or deprecatory enclitic. E. g. (1) 'That lether 'z lennek- yq non, bendable /azé2'; and 'Yo'll be t' niu gaffer, /@awA, wien't yo?' (2) 'Wat, du thet? au'll be »ngd gz lauk (as soon). te bilauk to, to be like to, to have to, to feel morally bound to. A common phrase. E.g. (1) ' If mi fxether wants mi, au's 6¢ ZawZ ig du it' (2) 'Thae'll a' ig bi lank ig gue, er els thae'll bi loizin thi shop (job, work)." (3) ' Wi st' tg shelter, eet e this ren.' lauk, w.vo., to like, to be pleased with. [OE, ZZcian.] laukn, likkn, e@v., nearly, almost. 'Au'd lamsékn (or likkn) te x' foln ovver thet stuen,' =I had nearly fallen over that stone. Note. This adverb is sometimes mis- takenly used as a verb in the past tense, though there is no present in use. E. g. 'Au'd laikn (or likkn) te miss si-in thi 1' this kreed (crowd).' laum, lime. [ME. /y»: ; OE. Zim.) laus, lice. See lees. lauth, (th=dh), lithe, pliant ; of liquids, thick with flour, &c. [OE. Zithe, gentle, soft.] lauthn, w.v5., to lithen, to make liquids /z¢Zze with mixing. lauthnin, liquids stiffened with meal or flour. le, p.¢. led, to lay, put, place ; causal of vo. lie. [OE. Zecgan, to cause to lie; to place.] Li and lig are sometimes used transitively in place of 16. See li (1). to lay away, a com- mon phrase denoting to stop work- ing, i.e. to put away one's tools or work for the day. ' Wen dun they 22-eweé et miln?' 'Not wol six et t' tlok et nit' (not till 6 o'clock at night). 'L¥-in gwe

[ME. Iy4 ;

Hudderspeld Dialect

lek taum' =the end of the day's work. léd, w.vd., to lade or take out water, bale. [OE. 2/adan,to draw (water) .] legd, adj., loud. [OE. 2/#d.] lay-house, or more prob. law- house. [? OE. + Ais, house, or, if meaning a place to lay or put people in, cp. OE. Zecgax, to lay, put.] The phrase is now only met with as follows :-ZIngz#isitivechild : thet 1 yer pokkit, muther?' ® O, it's e fer meddlerz,' said to stop further questioning. lé-oqns, an allowance, especially of ale, or money for ale, in addition to wage for casual labour. lees, a louse ; $/zz.laus, lice. [us, pl. [ys.] leet, a lout, clumsy fellow, lit., one who stoops. [OE. /#f/azx, to stoop.] lei, a ley or lea, meadow, grass-land. [ME. Ze?, lay, ley ; OE. leak.] The word is common as a suffix of place-names, e.g. Farnley, Honley, Bradley, Ley Moor, Lindley, &c. lein, to lean, incline, stoop. [prob. ON. A/eimza, to lean; cp. OE. Aleonian, hlinian, to lean.] Lein is mostly intransitive, while lien (wh. see) is mostly transitive. E. g. (1) 'Iz fxther wer sue steet (stout) 'et wen i deen summet olis gey we.' (2) 'Zeizx (oftener lign) it up egien t' wol, wol the rests thi-sen.' (3) ' Yar Jack's fonder e Zeinin (or lignin) iz-sen egien t' duer-puest ner workin.' leiz, w.vd., to glean corn left in corn- fields; also to gather warp-yarns together in preparing them for the loom. [ME. Zlesem ; OE. lesax, to gather, pick, glean. Cp. ON. Zesa, to glean.] The leiz (leys) of warp-yarns are prob- ably so-called as being arrangements of them in such a way that they can be easily gathered up ready for the loom. See wof, woh. lek, leik (older form), to 'laik', to play; make game or sport ; to stay away from work or

[OE.

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil; u, brute ; u, put ; au = &+ u;

60

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lek

school. [ON. ZeiZa, to play, &c.; cp. OE. lwxcan, lacan, to dance, play.] Noie that lek, leker, lekin are the usual dialect words for play, player, playing. But the formerly common léekenz, for play- things, is now rarely heard. E.g. (1) Said a cricketer in flannels to a stoutish friend :-' Aren't te lékin v t' match te-deé?' 'Nou led !' was the reply, ' au'm e l2ier et lukin on te-dé.' (2) 'Z2¥izr t fuil'= playing the fool. (3) *T meéester 'I thresh mi fer 72%iz ewe thre t' skuil yusterdi'. (4) a' n't mich wiark et yar miln; wi nobbet workn of (haif) e' t' wik ; en' wi kn t tuther' (5) 'Au lauk te let yar childer zv plenty lékgnz-it kips em i' toit beet mi waxechin em se mich." lek, w.v5., to moisten. [OE. Zeccan, to wet.] E.g. to ZeZ clothes for the mangle ; to ZeZ cattle-food. lélok, lilac, the tree and flower. [Span. lilac, Arab. lilak ; (Pers.).] lennek, a@Z7., supple, pliant, slender, easily bent. [perb. connected with OE,. Alszene, slender + #¢, dimin. suffix.] lennit, a linnet, bird. OF. /fnette.] lensh, a ledge, shelf. [prob. con- nected with OE. length ; hence anything having length ?] lent, (1) learnt; (2) lent. See liern, and lien (2). les (1), a lace, cord, tie. OFr. /as, a noose, snare. laz, latz, a lace.] las (2), w.vo., to lash, whip, beat ; to attack vigorously. [prob. from les (1).] E. g. (1) 'Th' drauver 72sf iz orse summet shemful.' (2) ¢ Mother to truant boy :-' Tha'll get e reit Zésiz wen thi fzther kumz wom.' (3) ' Au 72és/ inte mi wark, n' zd it dun i' guid taum.' let (1), p.4. let, p.p. lettn, w.vo., to let, permit, allow ; leave. [ME. leten ; OE.. Iytan, létan, to permit, leave.] - E. g. 'Wi kaecht e bord, bet wi 72¢ it gue egien.'

[ME. /net ;

[ME. Zas ; Cp. ON.

Dialect

liefer

te let on, to reveal, i.e. to let or allow someone to know. E.g. 'Duen't Ze? on ebeet it, bikos au duen't want fueks te no, the noz.' let (2), let (2), $.4., lit; met with ; alighted, got down, fell. Seelit (1), and lit (3). E.g. 'Th' gas worn't let, sue au fell ovver e chier en' 727 e' mi eerm en' brek it.' leth (th = dh), a laithe, barn. [ON. Alath.] léther, adv., rather. [The form is probably due to confusion of with /zver, both of which mean sooner, rather.] E. g. ' Au'd 72ker di ner du that.' See liegfer, ligv?r. li (1), $.¢. lid, ligd, w.v0., to lie down; also used transitively, as- ¢ Lf (or Zig) thi deen e bit, the luks taurd '. See 18, and lig. 11 (2), 1&u (later form), $.5. lid, laud, w.vb., to lie, tell an untruth. See lau. [OE. to tell a lie.] 11, lau, a lie.

Note. The older forms lig, a lie, and ligger, a liar, are both obsolescent.

lich, liech (rarer now), a leech, a blood-sucking ' formerly much used by doctors for blood- letting. [OE. /Î, a reliever of pain, a healer. Hence the name ' was given also to a doctor ; and hence also the surname, or ZLeack, as well as T* Leechgsz = The Leech's house.] lied (1), lead, the mineral. lead.] lied (2), $.4. led, w.vod., to lead, guide. [OE. izedan, to lead.] lieder, a leader or conductor ; hence a leading muscle, tendon. E.g. 'Th' dokter sez au'v streined won e' t' /iederz e mi leg." lief (1), leaf of a plant ; also the thin layer of rib-fat in animals. [OE. leaf, a leaf ; a slice.] lief (2), lif, ad7., dear, pleasing (rare now); adv., soon, in the phrase ez ligf, as soon. [OE. leof, dear.] liefer, lifer ; liver, comp.adv., sooner, rather. See léther. E.g. 'Au'd ez Zligf (/if) the went wom

[OE.

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu = @+u ; ig, pier ; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; ¢/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

61

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liem

(home) nee.' mi-sén.' liem, a leam, a ray of light, a flame. Obsolescent. [OE. /Zowra.] lien (1), ad., lean, thin, poor ; with- out fat (of meat). [OE. lean, poor.] E. g. 'The ken kraek up thi gardin-stuff ez the lauks, bet it's nobbet /gz /ivin beet meit.' lien (2), p.¢. liend, lent, w.vo., to lend, to loan. [OE. /&xax, to lend, fr. /£n, a loan ; cp. lZon, to lend.] E.g. *Wi' te Zen mi thrippins te bau e paunt (to buy a pint of ale) ?' ' Nou bi gou; the azn't ped mi bak weet au Zest thi lest Setterdi.' lien (3), w.vo., to lean, recline; to slope (intranms.). [OE. Aleonian, Alenian, to lean, lien (4), liend, lent, w.v6., to cause to lean. [OE. to cause to lean. See lein.] E.g. 'The me wil (may well) thi yed deen, fer vaerri shem.' [See lein.] liep, liept, lept (older lap; lop- pn), w.v6., to leap, jump. [OE. hléapan (pt. hlop), to leap.] See lop. liern, p.5. liernd, lent, w.vo., to teach ; also to learn. [OE. Zeormian, to teach, to learn.] E.g. (1) Angry mother ;-* Aull ligrn thi better ner te sup t' milk 1' t' seller smacking her boy, 'au will en' ol.' (2) ' Ue ivver 'z Zierz@'im te sé sich bed wordz au duen't no; bet i 'z nuen /¢z/ em thre (from) mi.' (3) ' Yar parsen'z e vaerri maen, au ken tell lies (1), w.vo., to lease a tenement. [Fr. Zaisser, to let go (Lat.).] lies (2), liesh (later form), a leash to hold a dog. [ME. Zees ; OFr. Zesse.] liest, seperil.ad}., least, smallest. [OE. Zytel, little, small, /%ssa, less, lzsia, least.] liev (1), $.4. left, w.vo.. to leave behind ; quit, go away. [OE. to leave.] liev (2), lif, liv, leave, permission. [OE. ZZaf, permission ; closely akin to OE. 72of, dear.]

t Au'd liver fer),

Hudderspeld Dialect

Linli liever, liver, comp.ad}., sooner, rather. See lief (2). lif, See lief (2), and liey (2). lig, 11 (later form), p.¢. ligd, lid, w.vb., to lie down, rest, abide (intrans.) ; also to put, place, set (trans.). [ME. Ziggen, lyen; OE. licgan, to lie, rest, &c., and cp. OE. lecgan, to cause to lie, to place.] E.g. (a) fntrans. (1) Weeping mother nursing her poorly, pining child-*' Eh lqovi! thee duz lit e mi ni (knee)!' (2) 'Wau, that wumen /igz (/iz or lez) 1' bed te long te bi wil (healthy).' (6b) trans. (1) 'Au just ligd th' baeskit on th' table en' kum eet egien.' (2) 'Au'll Zg thi sixpins et wien't win.' lik (1), lick, moistened food for cattle. See lek. lik (2), w.vd., to lick, lap up ; then to thrash, beat ; then to be super- ior, to surpass. [ME. Zi2¥kex, OE. liccian, to lick with the tongue.] E. g. ' Jack's e rum en ; i 2i2s Nan, -en' Nan 2/2¢ the Divvil.' likkn, a@v., see lauken. likker (1), a 'capper', that which surpasses or surprises. E.g.:;- 'Well, that tel (tale) 'z g en' nue mistzk.' likker (2), comp.adv., likelier, more likely, E.g. 'Yond felli 'z mer likker te di (die) et th' end ev e ruep ner i' bed.' limer, liemer, a leemer, a roguish, merry fellow. [prob. from OE. lé‘mlnafz, to gleam, shine ; to bright- en. limmer, limber, limp, flexible, lithe. [prob. allied to ON. /impa, limpness.] E.g. ' Yoer Tom 'z e limmgr, \aukli ised ; i'll mek e faun lin, linen, flax. flax.] Linfit, Linthwaite, a village in the Colne Valley. [ON. Z/yng, ling, a kind of heather + land cleared of roots, bushes, &c.] Linli, Lindley, a village west of Huddersfield, now included in that

[ME. /iz ; OE. iin,

& as a in glad ; a, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen; e, her ; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; o, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; $u = &+ u;

62

Page 93

linsi-wulsi borough. Also a frequent local surname. [ON. /yzg, (as in ' Lin-

fit') + OE. /a, a meadow, &c.] Both Lindley and Linthwaite are at the lower edge of a moor. linsi-wulsi, linsey-woolsey, a ° coun- try '-made fabric of coarse rough cloth, originally composed partly of linen, partly of wool. lint, linen softened by a process of 'scraping'-used - for - dressing wounds. lints, a variety of the lentil-plant, grown along with clover and cut while green for cattle, &c. [ME. lentils ; OFrt. lentille (Lat.).] lippen, w.vo., to expect, reckon or depend on, trust to. [ME. /ipzen, to trust to. Further derivation unknown (N.E.D.).] ' Wi lippna on thi 'elpin ez, bet thee nier (never) kum nier (near).' lissem, a77., pliant, supple, lithesome. [OE. Zithe, soft + sem, adj., suffix.] list, the border or selvage of cloth. [OE. /ist, a border.] Lister, a frequent family-name. See lith-ees. lit (1), ad}., light, bright ; as #., light, sight, illumination. [OE. Zeo¥4, adj., and x.] lit, .4. lited, let, w.v6., to light up, set alight. [OE. /ektan, to give light, shine.] lit (2), ad7., light, not heavy, agile. [OE. Zeokt, light, E.g. ' Thi fxether 'z vaerri Zif in iz lops (light in his steps, agile) fer e oud maxen.' lit-gin, ad7., light-given, inclined to 'light' conduct, lewd. E.g.'Du- en't trust yond chap, lzess ; i 'z e lit-gin en ; luk et iz in (eyes).' liten, w.v6., to make lighter or less heavy, to ease. [OE. ZeZktan, to alleviate, ease.] lit (3), let, let, p.$. let, lettn, to light on, alight, descend; to happen, occur by chance; to meet with. [OE. /iZk/an, to alight, halt.] E.g. (1) 'Au 72¢ off e th' orse on te t' greend.' (2) ' Au Zef (or 72¢) te gue te t' teen, en au 727

Hudderspeld Dialect

loft

on im 1' t' street. (3) ° Ez to leiftn on e less yet, John Henry ?' (i.e. have you begun courting yet ?). lits, lights, lungs of animals, 'so named from their lightness '. liter, a layer, a thin covering or sprinkling-the older pronuncia- tion of Zitter, i.e. things strewn about. [ME. OFr. litiere, a portable bed, a straw 'litter'; hence a covering, a layer, &c.] E.g.,. 'Le th' zpplez i' Zizterz on t' fluer, en' put Zizers e strie (straw) in bitwin.' (2) 'Ther 'z e regler liter e dust en' muk ol ovver t' furniter.' lith-eges, lith-es, lit-es, the old name, now obsolete, for a dye-house, as litster, or lister, was for a dyer. The latter is still preserved in the surname Lister, fairly common in the W. Riding. [ME. Zi¥tex, to dye ; from ON. /i?a, to dye.] littler, littlist, ad;., very common forms of the comparative and super- lative of Zitt/e. [OE. Iyte/.]

16, law. [ME. Zawe ; ? OE. lagu.] loi@r, a lawyer. lobbi, a lobby, upper chamber,

gallery ; also a deep shelf on which lumber is placed. [prob. OFr. lobie ; Late Lat. lobia, gallery.] loch (1), w.vd., to lotch, move side- ways, lurch sideways ; also to lop or omit. Seelop (1). [perh. ME. lurken, lorken, to stoop, dodge, steal. Scand.; cp. Norw. to go slowly (Skt.).] loch (2), to lap up like a dog; to drink or eat greedily. [prob. an imitative word like sloch (which see); but cp. OE. Zyecax, to pull or pluck up, lick up, and Late Lat. lurcare, to devour greedily (Skt.).] loerd, luerd (older form), lord, master ; lit., the loaf-ward. [OE. hlafora = hlaf, loaf, bread + weard, keeper.) loft, air, sky ; an upper room or space. [ME. Zof¢t; ON. lopt, or loft, (1) air, (2) upper room.] Compounds are :-é-loft, hay lob- by ; kee-loft, a space above the

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu = g+ u; ie, pier ; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

63

Page 94

loich

cow-stalls ; skau-loft, the sky ; also the top room of a several-storied house. loich (1), a loach, a small fish. [Fr. loche.] loich (2), laich (older form ?), leerch, a larch tree. [Germ. Zerc/, alarch (N.E.D.).] 'Ez streit ez e ZoicZ', is an old saying applied to a man of very erect bearing. loicher, a lurcher dog, running-dog ; also a lurker, loiterer. Seeloch (1). loin, [OE.Zoné, /ané, alane ; cp. OFriesic Zaza, Zona.] loiz, luiz, p.. lost, w.v5., to lose, get rid of,. [ME. Zesem: ; OE. Zlosian, to lose.] loll, w.v6., to loll, lean against ; to sit idly. [ME. Zo//en ; ON. lolla, to loll.] E.g. 'Tha'r olis Zo/liz egien summet, er els 2Zo/Ziz 1' t' frunt e t' faur.' lollek, w.v6., to play about idly ; to lounge about, hang around. [perh. from oldest E. Zeo/c, the redupli- cated preterite of to play, &c.; or, another form of /o/l (above).] lolleker (@), an idler, a roamer ; (0) an old name for the tongue. lomp, w.v5., to leap, jump over. A variant of lop, which see. lond, a laund, grassy space, glade. Often used of the grassy passage left at top of a ploughed field ; also a rather frequent place-name of parts where grassy clearings for- merly existed. [ME. Zaewza@; OFr. lande, a grassy plain. Cp. the Landes in S.E. France.] long, ad}., long. See leng. Com- pounds are :-long-dog, a lurcher, or running-dog ; e.g. ' That chap ken run lauk e /prg-@pg'; long-e, along of, on account of; e.g. 'it's Zpng g thi 'et wi 'n lost th' maxtch '. lons, lons (1), to lance, cut. [Fr. Zancer, to pierce.] lonsh, lonsh (2), w.vd., to launch, push out, drive, hurl. [ME. Zaexz- chen, to hurl; OFr. lanchier; Fr. lancer, to pierce; also to fling, hurl.]

P

Hudderspeld Dialect

16z

E. g. ° Au ZonsAt mi neiv in 1z chest, en' deend im.' lop, lomp, w.v5., to lope or leap, jump over. [ON. 2/azmpa, to leap ; cp. OE. A/eapan, to leap.] lop (1), w.vo., to jump over, to pass over, omit. E.g. (1) In the game of 'hopscotch' a player lops on one foot over a line into the next space. (2) In ' a player takes an opponent's piece by Zopp- ing over it into the next space. (3) In reading, a puzzled child omits a ' hard word ' by lopping it. [prob. a variant of See loch (1).] lop, a flea, noted for its 'lopping*' powers. [OE. /oppe, a flea.] lop (2), to go lame, walk with a limp; properly to move on one leg-as ' to lop kruch ' ; ' to Zop ebeet e won fuit'. [prob. the same as lop (1)] E.g. 'Wat »r tg loppin for ?' ' Oh, au dropt e weit on mi fuit yusterdi.' lop (3), to cut off the top of anything, to trim by cutting, to cut. [cp. Mid. Du. /zppez, to cut, maim (Skt.).] lopper, w.vo., to curdle, to clot-as

milk. [ME. Zopprer, to curdle; cp. _ ON. - A/pup, - coagulation. (N.E.D.)]

10s, ad7., loose, free, not fastened up ; not strict in morals. [ME. 70s; E.g. (1) 'Duen't trust im, less, 1 'z e 70s en'. (2) ' Au'm twenty nee ; au's bi 70s next yer.' - The word is regularly used of youths who have finished their apprenticeship, or have come ' of age'. lou, ad;., low ; humble; also im- moral-like 10s; - despondent ; mean. [ME. /@A¥, /louAk, ON. lagr, low.] E.g. 'They sen u 'z2 nuen reit in er yed. U went Zox 1 er maund e munth sin ; en' nee u 'z in th' saulem lov, luv, love, affection. [OE. /z/z.] loz, w.vd., to make loose, release; also to depart. [From 7as, the adj.; and cp. OE. Zosigan, to be free.) Note that lous, vo., is a form

& as a in glad ; a, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen; e, her; 1, see ; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute; u, put; su=

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lozin

of especially used in the Colne Valley. lozin, prjart. of 10z, departing, leaving ; used especially of the dis- persal of an assembly of people. E. g. ° Wen will t' skuil (chapel, or miln) bi Ziziz ?' lozin-stor, a ' stir' or feast given to celebrate a youth's coming of age. lozn, w.vd., to loosen, make loose, unfasten. Luddauts, the Luddites-the follow- ers of an imaginary 'Captain ', or ' King', Ludd-who during 1811-16 frequently went about the West Riding (as well as Lancashire and Nottingham) in bands to break up the newly-invented, labour-saving machinery - which - enterprising manufacturers had installed in their mills. Men caught were severely punished, many being hanged. King Ludd, their mythical leader, was so called from Ned Lzxdd, a Nottingham imbecile, who in a passionate fit broke up some stocking-frames over twenty years before 1811. lued, a load, burden. [OE. luef, a loaf of bread. [OE. [OE.

See loerd. lugem, loam, mud. luen, a loan. [ON. /z, a loan ; or OE. lan, lzen.] luerd, lord, master. See loerd. lug, the hair about the ears ; hence the ears of a jug, &c. [Scand. ; cp. Swed. /zgg, the forelock.] lug, w.vd., to lug, pull ; esp. to pull the hair. luk, w.vd., to look, behold ; to seem, appear. [OE. Zociaz.] lum (1), a47., lumb, without feeling, numb [origin obscure]. lum (2), a chimney. [Cp. W. /Zzuzmzoz, a beacon fire, a chimney.] lum-rik, chimney-smoke. Lumb, a frequent family-name in the W. Riding ; also a place-name for a wooded valley narrowing to a point ; e.g. the Lumb, in which are the Mollicar Woods at Almondbury. [prob. W. /Zw»z, anything pointed.]

Huddersfield Dialect

lump-yed, a blockhead, a stupid fellow. In common use as a term of abuse. Lunn, a common local surname; perh. from same source as ZLz»s6. lunsh, a lunch, thump, lunge, push. [ON. 2/unkr, a lunsh, w.v6., to thump, push. E. g. * AuZunsht im v t ribz wi' mi neiv (fist).

M, m

Mad, ad7;., mad, out of one's mind ; but mostly =angry. [OE. gemaeded, maddened, or gessad, mad.] E.g. ' It med mi feer wiazed te yer im tok lauk that.' msddl, w.v6., to maddle, confuse one with talk or noise, to muddle. [OE. matheliann, mxthlan, to talk, discourse.] - E.g. 'Thae waedd/z imi wi' thi tlak, mun ; thae'd tok e orse'z yed off.' madlin, a gabbler, prater; one who easily gets confused, a simpleton. [OE. wmathelung, loquacity, prat- ing.] E.g. ° Old (hold) ti wisht, thee wzed/in, tha toks nonsens.' mmff, w.vo., to speak indistinctly, mumble. [ODu. #:zafe/ex, to stam- mer.] E.g. 'That chep maxeffles iz tok wol au keen't tell wat 1 sez.' msk (1), mek, me, mod, w.v6., to make, compel ; to form. [OE. macian, cp. ON. maka.) msk, a make, form ; sort, kind. msskkin, a making, contrivance, contraption. [OE. macung.] mask (2), a lot, lump, heap of stuff. [OE. mwmaca.] E.g. (1) 'Prethi, wat moaek (sort) e stuff's thet?' (2) 'Swip ol t' mak (lot) ewe; it's nout naut (only) rubbish.! (3) 'Wat suert ev e wmaxkkin az: te getten old on, nee ?' msk (3), a mate, match; wife or husband. now. [OE. maca, a mate, an equal.] E.g. ' John Henry 'z met iz wexZ (match) nee, wi' yond wauf e iz.' miekli, ad;., fit, suitable, likely. [OE. maca-/ic, fit, likely.] E.g.

eg, pear ; ei, reign ; eu = u; ie, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

$280

65 K

Page 96

Maxell

' Yoer Jusif's (Joseph) groun inte e reit wizxkli suert ev e led. Mall, Melli, Moll, the familiar form of Mary. menk, w.v5., to mank, contrive, show off, play make a pre- tence of work without doing much. [perh ? Fr. to fail, lack; cp. OFr. manc, mangue, failing, maimed.] E.g. (1) 'Tha 'r ver fond e wmsemkin ebeet wt' things, bet the nier gets nout finisht ; net tee.' (2) Au duen't no ee i'z maerkf it, but th' tlok's guin ol reit nee the siz." msenk, a contrivance, contraption, esp. one of little use; a trick. E.g. 'Wat suert ev e ser te up tu nee ?' menker, a trickster, a pretender to cleverness; a contriver, - E. g. 'Yo'll nier mak nout eet e that felli; i'z e better maxemker ner e worker,.' mep, a mop, a floor-cloth ; also a map or plan. [OFr. mappe, a piece of cloth. (Lat.)]

Note the connexion between a local 'fluer-maxp', and the 'map' of Eng- land -i.e. a /imen-skeet with a plan of England on it.

maseppil, w.v5., to confuse in mind, to muddle. See moppil. mserre (1), the marrow fat or pith of a bone. [OE. meark.] mserre (2), a marrow or match, partner, mate, equal, one of a pair. [Of obscure origin (N.E.D.). Perh. Fr. wari, a husband ?] maerre, w.v6., to match, to equal, to produce anything like. E.g.'Au'll moerrg thi wi buttnz (or penniz).' The player who uncovers a button (or a or ' tail?, if a coin) like that of his opponent, wins the two. Msori, the Virgin Mary. Used in exclamations, as-' Ah, Hzerz, the wod thaet!' [Fr. Marie; Lat. Maria, Mary.] massh (1), mesh, a mixture of straw, hay, &c., with water as a food for

Hudderspeld Dialect

maul horses, e.g. a bran-mash. Also, steeped malt for brewing ale. [OE. x. *masc, *max, as in masc-wyrt, max-wyrt.] mssh (2), mesh, w.v5., to mix, to steep and soften with water; also to break up in pieces, to smash. [ME. mésken, to mix, as if from an OE. vb., E.g. (1) ' Get th' tig (tea) wexesA¢, less, au'm in e urri (hurry)' (2) ' Au'v lettn t bottle drop, en' it 1' bits.' msesh-tub, mesh-tub, a tub in which malt is mashed for brewing ale. maesh-wort, steeped malt in brew- ing. [OE. masc-wyrt.] mesh (3), a mesh, or opening between the threads of a net. [ME. maske; cp. OE. maescre, a little mesh.] msu, w.v6., to mew like a cat. [ME. mawen ; of imitative origin.] msezzlez, the measles. [ME. wmaseles, from OE. maesie, a spot. (Skt.)] miezzl, mezzl, w.v6., spotted, like measles. mszlinz, mezlinz, an older form for measles. [ME. maselinges; cp. Dan. meslinger, measles.] mar, w.vo., to mar, spoil, esp. a child. [ME. merrex ; OE. myrran, merran, to hinder, turn aside.] a spoilt child, one too much petted ; applied even to youths and adults. marchent, merchant. [ME. chant; OFr. marchant.] marlek, marlok, a mischievous trick ; a mischief-maker ; spoiler; lit. a spoil-game. [mar+ OE. lac, play.] , Martlemes, Martinmas, the feast of St. Martin, November 11, impor- tant in olden days when families used to lay in their stocks of salted meats for the winter. marvil, a marble. [ME. wmarbel; OFr. marbre. (Lat.)] mau (exphatic), mi my; shortened form of maun, mine. [OE. win, mine.] E.g. Of two little brothers quarrelling over a

to make

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate; e, pen ; g, her; i, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u = &+u;

Page 97

mauch

book, one says: ! It's »az buk, m/ fxether sez it's maluch, much, meech, w.v5., to miche, sneak about, move stealthily, lurk. See much. maul, a mile. [OE. #z2Z, Lat. mil/ic.] maund, mind (older form), the mind. [OE. gemyna, memory.] maund, mind, w.v5., to mind, to take care of, tend ; also heed, notice. maur, a mire ; the old word for ant. [ON. »awrr, ant.] Cp. pis-maur, ant. maus, mice, plural of mees, which see. maut (1), mait (modern), mit (older form), might, strength, power. [OE. wiki.] maut (2), might. See me (2). maut (3), a mite-a very small insect. [OE. mite.] me (1), w.v5., shortened form of mek, p.t. med, to make. See m&k (1). E.g. 'Tha'll a' te gu tg t skuil: au st' we thi.' me (2), vo., may, am able; $.4., maut, mait, mud, might. [OE. mugan (p.t. mikte), to be able, be free to do. Mud = might, is a later formation after the analogy of shud (should), and kud (could) (W.W.D.).] 'The mud if the wod: wien't te?' 'Nou, au sheen't.' meédin, a ' maiden ', peggy, dolly ; a wooden instrument used in wash- ing. [ME. meiden ; OE. maxgden, a maid.] meédin-tub, a washing-tub. meech, w.v5., to miche, to sneak about. See much. meel, meeld (later form), mould, mouldiness; fine fungus-growths on bread, cheese, &c. [ME. mou/, mouldiness ; cp. Dan. #»:#/.] meel, meeld, w.v0., to form mould, to grow mouldy. [ME. monw/ex, mowlen; Scand.; cp. OIcel. mygla, to grow musty, &c.] meelder, w.v5., to moulder, crumble into dust. [OE. weo/de, dust, earth, soil.]

Dialect

mellenkolli

meeldi, meeli, a77., mouldy, musty. meelt, meet (older form), w.vd., to moult. See meet. meent, w.v0., to mount, ascend. [Fr. méen't, contracted form of may not. meerch, w.v6., to march, walk firmly. [prob. Fr. mees, a mouse. [OE. plur. my s.] meet, meelt, w.v6., to moult, to shed feathers like a bird. [ME. mozxéfen, ON. wz#1a, to moult.] meeth, the mouth. [OE. miz/Z.] meg, a halfpenny. [prob. a slang word. meil (1), meal ground from oats or other grain. [OE. me/z.] meil-puek, a meal-poke, or bag. See puzk, sevver-meil. [Cp. ON. m;olpoki, meal-poke.] meil (2), miel, a meal or repast. See miel. meis-pot, mes-pot, mez-pot, a mug holding about a pint, used for liquid foods, and originally made of wood. [ME. measzer, a drinking- cup ; OFr. wmasere, a bowl of maple-wood ; cp. ON. #idsr, a maple-tree, spotted wood.] meist, a7;., mixed-older pronuncia- tion (E.). [OE. to mix.] meit,, meat, food. [OE. meit-wol, ad;., meat-whole, i.e. meat-full : descriptive of one's feel- ing of satisfaction after a good meal. On asking an old road-mender ° What's " meit-wol " mean?'' his wrinkled face lit up with a broad smile as he replied : ' Wau mester, it's wen yo'r full up wi' e guid miel, sem ez yq xr etzefter yor Sundi dinner.' mek, mek, me, to make. mik (1). mell, w.v5., to meddle, interfere ; to come between, intervene. [prob. OFr. meller, mesler, to mix, min- gle : cp. ON. between.] E. g, (1) ' Thi wme// e thi on bizniss (keep to thy own affairs), en' then nuebdi ken e// e thi (meddle with thee).' mellenkolli, oftener mg&llenkolli,

See

eg, pear ; ei, reign ; eu = e+ u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

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melch

adj., melancholy, in the sense of dis- appointed, vexed, annoyed, angry [from Gk.]. E.g. (1) ' Au fil feer moellgnkolli 'et th' ren 'z kumn te- de; au's »'te ing t' tluez on t winter-ej nee.' (2) 'If the wants sum strong musterd, mek th' wauf moellegnkolli wi' summet wol u': mixin it.' [Th' Oud End.] melch, ad;}., milch, milk-giving. [ME. wmi/lche, melche ; OE. melc, milch ; wme/cazs, to milk.] Cp. melsh. melder, milder, grain taken to be ground in the mill (E.). (ON. meldr, meal.] melk, older form for milk. [OE. meolc, milk ; melcan, to milk.] meller, a miller, now found only as a surname- Mellor. [prob. Scand. ; cp. ON. mealari, a miller.] melsh, ad;., soft, mild, moist (of weather) ; ripe (of fruit). [prob. OE. milsc, sweet, pleasant, ripe.] E. g. 'a meilsk waund' = a moist, mild wind ; 'a zze/s% apple? = a ripe but soft apple. melt, melted, melted, moutn (older form), w.v6., to melt. [OE. weeltan, to melt.] Meltem, the local, old pronunciation of Meltham, a village about five miles S.W.of Huddersfield. (meaning is obscure)+0E. farm, village.] Note that the old pronunciation is the correct one- not Melth-em. See wom. mens, mensgful, ad;., neat, clean, decent, comely (E.); as a zouz, neatness, tidiness. [prob. ON. mennska, decency ; cp. OE. men- »isc, human; manliness.] ment, meaning. [See mien.] E.g. An old man, after hearing a famous political speaker, remarked : ' Ah, i speiks reit inuf, bet au keen't wil sens th' mente wat 1 sez.' mesh, w.v5., to mash, break to pieces, &c. See msmsh (1). messkin, the little mass or sacra-

ment (Roman Catholic) [ME. messe; OE. moesse, the mass ; festival (Lat.) dim. suff.]

Hudderspeld Dialect

E.g. 'Bi th' messkin(s)', 12 mess '-forms of oaths, relics of the old Catholic days in England. meéester, meister (older form), mas- ter. [ME. maister, OFr. maistre (Lat.).] met, a measure ; a basket, bushel (E. obsolete). [OE. zzete, a measure.] meu, p./., mowed. See mo. mezi, ad;., mazy, dizzy. [ME. mesen, to confuse; OE. (a@a)wmsian.] See déezi. mez-pot, see meispot. mezzl, w.vo5. See maszzl. mi (emp/.), mi (1) (nemph.), me. [OE. me.] mi (2), my. See mau. Compounds of ix? are-miséln, and migén, myself. See seln, sen. mich, & adv., much. micel, great, much.] middin, a midden, heap of manure. [OE. midding.] middlin, moderate, middling. [OE. midien, moderate.] In very common use. E.g.-two friends meet and greet-'* ¥Er te wmidd/in ?' ' Ab, just weida/in middlist, si¢er/. of middle, middle- most. [OE. weiid/est(a).] miel, a meal, a repast at a regular time. [OE. #wx%/, time ; a meal.] mien, p./ ment, w.vo., to mean, have in mind, intend. [OE. mij, a midge, gnat. [OE. mycg.] Mijlé, Midgley, a frequent local sur- name. [prob. from OE. myceg, a gnat +/ey, meadow. Hence a mead- ow where gnats abound, as being marshy or watery.] milk-es, milk-ees, a milk-house. miln, a mill of any kind. [ME. »i/z, OE. mylen. (Lat.)] milner, one who 'mills' cloth, i.e. puts it into stocks to thicken it. milt, the spleen of animals. [OE. milte.] mimo, a mimic action of the hands or face, a grimace, mimicry ; an affected 'air' or manner; dumb show. [Connected with Fr. a farce; an actor, performer.] E.g.

[OE.

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; g, her; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put; = &+ u;

Page 99

min (1) 'Joss ez nout ev e worker; i'z te monni fer mau fxensi.' (2) Wen yar Sar(ah) Ann gets er Sundi tluez (clothes) on, u duz sheu sum zziwos.' (3) ' Duen't mimo-in thier, get on wi yer wark.' min, w.%v5., to remind, jog the memory. [OE. myzdgtan, mynian, to remember; remind ; cp. ON. minna.] - E.g. ® Win mi on te kol et yar John's te nit.' mind, older form of maund, the mind. [OE. gemyzxd, memory.] Cp. find, blind. mingh, w.v5., to mince, cut up into small bits. [prob. OE. weiznsian, to lessen, destroy ; or OF r. to mince.] mingsh-pau, mince-pie. mischif-nit, mischief-night, April 30, when formerly youths, and even men, under cover of the dark en- joyed themselves doing mischief to people's doors, gates, windows, chimneys, &c. mig-gin, p.part., misgiven, doubtful, distrustful. [OE. mis, wrong +p.$. giefen, given.] mislauk, to distrust, doubt strongly ; dislike. [OE. mis/iciaz, to displease.] mis-maund, w.7v5., to forget, neglect. [OE. mis + dial. to remem- ber.] E.g. 'Au just wmis-manmnd waxet i sed, bet it wer feer graend.' mis-meé, w.v6., to dismay, discourage. [OFr. desmayer, to discourage, the Eng. prefix mis- having displaced the Fr. Zes-.] E. g. 'Au felt feer mis-med et th' sit e ol that wark efuer mi.' misti, or mausti (as sometimes pro- nounced in later form), misty, foggy. [OE. mistig.] mistl, a mistal, cow-house. [ON. mjalta-sel,milking-shed(W.W .D.). mit strength. Seemaut(1). mit (2), ./. met, w.v6., to meet, en- counter. [OE. méax.] miul (1), a mule; also common name for a donkey. [Fr. (Lat.)] miul (2), a spinning-mule, a machine

Dialect

moither

called a because a 'com- bination of the drawing-rollers of Arkwright with the spinning-jenny of Hargreaves '. mixin, a midden, manure-heap (ob- solete almost). [OE. weirex, from mix or meox, dirt, filth.] mizzle, w.v6., to drizzle, to rain in fine drops. [ME. meise/ex.] mo, p.. meu, miu, mon, s¢r.v6., to mow. [OE. wedwan.] mob, a cover; a mob-cap. Du. mop-muts, night-cap.] mobz, plur. of #206, covers or blinkers for a horse's head. moern, morn, morrow ; usudl word for morning. [ME. morn ; OE. moernin, morning. [ME. »orwes- ing.] ! Te-mogrn ? £ mogrnin' = to-morrow morning. ! 7Ze-wzoern ef »nit' = to-morrow night. mog, mug, w.v5., to plod on, to go on steadily ; to depart. [Origin uncertain.] moich, meich, w.v5., to challenge to measure, to measure. [Origin un- certain ; perh. OE. #z0/ax, to cite, summon, or #0/azxz, to assemble ; discuss, dispute; and cp. OE. metan, to measure.] E.g. in a game at marbles, where the dis- tance of two marbles from a mot or mark is disputed, one boy will challenge the other to measure it by saying: 'Au'st worcZ thi !' moil, muil, w.v6., to toil, drudge; formerly to muddle, mix. See muil. [ME. wmoil/ex, to wet, moisten ; OFr. #zof//er, later mor- to soften, moisten. The development of meanings has been -to soften, moisten, dirty, soil oneself, drudge (Skt.).] E.g. (1) ' Au'v bin zeoilin (or muslin) ol t de, wol au'm feer dun up.' moit, a mote, spot ; a bit of anything. [OE. mot, a spot.] See mot. moither, w.v5., to bother about something, to trouble ; confuse, perplex. [Origin obscure. (N.E.D.) Is it connected with ME. to murmur, mutter, &c. ?]

[prob.

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = ; ig, pier ; iu, few ; 0g, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

69

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mok

mok, muek, a cheese-grub, maggot. [ME. - ;, - ON. - mathkr. (W.W.D.)] moki, mueki, a477., grubby, maggoty. mol, a mall or mallet, a large wooden hammer. [ME. mai/e; OFr. mai, mail.] mol, w.v5., to maul about, beat severely, lit. to strike with a mall. John Henry, on meeting a 'mate ' with a black eye, queries :- ' Ez te bin feitin, Jolléem (John William) ?* 'Ah, wi' Tom Henery, bet au 0/7 i: ebeet e bit, en ol.' Moll, Molli, a familiar name for Mary. See Mal. mon, mun, men, man; but used for both sexes. [OE. monz, mann.] E.g. (1) ' Nee wipn (or mun), ger (get) eet et th' get (way) wi' thi.' (2) ° Nee Polly, speik im, ex ! monder, w.vd., to wander vaguely about; to maunder or ramble in one's talk. [prob. Fr. méandre, a winding way, maze. (Lat.-Gk.)] E. g. ' Th' oud man's olis monderin ebeet th' ees ; en' 1 toks mronderizn ez wil.' monger, a dealer in iron or fish, &c. [OE. mangere, a merchant.] monni, many. [OE. monig.] monj, the mange, scab or itch in dogs. [ME. maniewe; OFr. man- jue, the mange.] monji, mangy, itching; also, locally-slothful, idle. E.g.,. 'Thae'r e reit #zon7? felli; tha'll du nout naut (only) kronk efuer t' faur.' monjer, a manger, feeding-trough. [ME. s:avungeur, OFrt. mangeure.] monk, w.v6., to mount, to climb up a wall, spout, &c. [prob. a slang word = to monkey, i.e. to climb like a monkey.] E.g. ' Let's wipnZ t' wo!l, en' gu in et th' baek.' mons, a mess, heap; blunder, fix ; a person who is a failure, or one in a very dirty condition. E.g. (1) ' Ther 'z e regler ##0ns e rubbish in t' rum thier' (2) 'Au'v gettn inte ¢ reit wons this taum.' (3) ' Well, the duz luk e »wors nee.' [prob.

Hudderspeld Dialect

mu

connected with OFr. heap, pile (Fr. weomcear).] mop, see mep. moppil, ma&ppil, w.v5., to confuse in mind, muddle, to muffle the understanding as it were. [prob. the same as #0bd/e, to cover, wrap up or muffle the head ; from Dutch mop-muts, a head-cap. (Skt.) See mob.] E.g. ' Old thi din, tha feer moppilz (maeppilz) mi, wi' thi tlzk (clack).' mosker, to crumble, decay ; burn slowly, smoulder. [Origin obscure (N.E.D.).] moss, peat ; peat-moor, as Harden Moss, Holme Moss, &c. [ME. moss, from OE. mos, meos, a swamp, moss, or ON. #z0s7, moss.] Mozli, Mossley, a place-name, and Mosley, a frequent surname. [prob. moss + ley, meadow.] mot, motti, a spot, a mark to aim at in pitching-games. Cp. moit. [Fr. motte, a clod, lump, mark at quoits. (W.W.D.)] mottl, mottil, w.vd., to make spotted, speckle. [prob. OE. #zof6, a spot +/e, frequentative suffix.] E.g. mot t/a@-sugp, an old-fashioned soap full of blue spots. moudw&@rp, moudiwarp, mould- warp, a moldwarp or mole. [ME. moldewarp; ON. moldvarpa, a mole.] mould, moud, muild, a model, shape, form. [ME. »olde; OFT. modle, later molle, model. (Lat.)] mout, 0/4 p.4., might. See mud. moutn, pari ad}., molten, melted. See melt. miu (1), a mow, pile, heap of hay or corn. [OE. weiiga, a heap, stack ; or ON. miigr.] mu (2), w.v6., to moo like a cow [an imitative word.] miu-kee, a child's name for a cow. mu (3), w.vo., to mew, crowd, cram together in small space ; lit. to put into a cage. [ME. mewe; OFr. mxe, a cage for moulting hawks.] E. g. < Wi wer feer mid up r' t' reem wol wi kudn't itch (move).'

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u= &+ u;

70

Page 101

mich

mich, meech, mauch, w.vo., to mooch, or miche, move stealthily, lurk. [ME. to pilfer; OFr. smuchier, mucier, to hide, skulk (N.E.D.).] mucher, maucher, one who sneaks about ; a frequenter of ale-houses, fairs, &c., to get food and drink for nothing. mud, mout, p./, might; mudn't, might not. Seemé(2). E.g. First boy :-' Au zyvn't te gu 1' lékin te- nit, the noz.' Second boy :-' The mud if the wod. Kum on wi' thi.' muek, a small grub in cheese. mok. muen, w.vd., to moan, groan, lament. [ME. mome, a hurt, sore, moan; prob. OE. *max, and OE. maenan, to lament.] muen't, shorter form of munnet, must not. See mun (2). muep, w.v5., to mope, sulk, look gloomy. [prob. connected with Du. eoppen, to pout, sulk.] muer (1), comp. adj. & adv., more in number ; more, larger. [OE. wedra, greater; #4, more in number.] muer (2), a moor, heath, moorland. [OE. #z0r or ON. mior.] muer-graum, moor-grime, drizzling rain, or thick mist. Muergetroyd, Murgatroyd, a family name meaning a clearing near or on the i. e. the gate or road to the moor. See gét, royd. muern, w.vo., to mourn, grieve. [OE. weurnan.] muest, sw«perl. ad}., most. most ; OE. mxst.] mueter, a motor, a motor-car. Muezez, Moses. muff, a slight sound. imitative word.] muff, to make a slight noise. E. g. (1) '¥Ez te yerd out? (any- thing)." 'Nou, au'v nier (never) yerd e w»muff? (2) ''Old thi din, krau-baeb ; if the ez mich ez »x«/fs egien, au'll bré thi." mug, w.v5., to plod on steadily. See mog.

See

[ME.

[prob. an

Dialect

muls

muid, mood, temper, mind, feeling. [OE. mind, courage, pride.] muil (1), muild (1), w.v5., to moisten, soften ; to mix, confuse; to toil, drudge. See moil, [ME. wsof//iex, to wet, moisten; OFr. weof//er, to moisten, soften.] E. g. 'E'n ye bekt yet?' 'Nou, au xvn't bigun ; au'v te wesz/ t' fleer yet.' (2) 'Au'v gettn reit up wi' se moni things te du ol et wons.' muil (2), muild (2), mould, mood, frame of mind. [ME. weo/de; OFr. mole, molle, a mould, pattern.] See mould. E.g. 'Au'm nuen r t' wild fer workin te nit ; au'm been te t' Bull fer e jill er tu.' 'Thae'll nuen kum wom drunk wi' te, Billi ?' 'Oh, au'll si. muild, w.v5., to mould, form, shape. E. g. 'Th' duef's ten sum (or i.e. kneading) te de, au'm sue wekli (feeble).' muin, the moon. [OE. #eozea.] muit, w.v5., to moot, mention ; to raise a point for discussion. [OE. motian, to converse; address a meeting ; OE. meeting.] E.g. ' If thee duzn't think th' reul (rule) 'z feer, the men mxi? it et th' next mitin.' muk, dirt, filth, dung. [ME. ON. syki, dung.] mukki, a4Z7., dirty, filthy. mull (1), earth, soil (E.). [prob. OE. molde, earth, ground ; or OE. my], dust.] mull (2), a muddle, mess caused by blundering. [ME. weof, wemZ; OE. myl; cp. Du. mull, dust, ashes; and ON. zmzoZ/za, to crumble.] E. g. ' Well, the med e mull e t' job, en' nue mistaek.' mullek, a heap of rubbish ; a mull, mess, muddle. [ME. w/s//02, re- fuse, &c.; from wmw/ll (2)+ ock, dimin. suffix.] E. g. ' Wen wi went inte th' ees wi fxn ivveri thing in e regler weseligh.? muls, mulsh, rotten, soft vegetable matter or other rubbish. [ON. mylsna, rubbish.]

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = g+u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

71

Page 102

muls

muls, mulsh, mulshen, w.v5., to break up, soften. [Scand. ; but cp. OE. molsnian, to break in pieces, corrupt. Prob. akin to melsh, soft, moist.] mum, w.v5., to go 'mumming' in masks to people's houses. [OFr. mommer.] mummer, one who goes mumming, a masker. [OFr. The mummers, on entering a house, would sometimes set to work (or to pretend) to clean up the hearth, dust chairs, sweep the floor, &c., droning with closed lips the while. Sometimes they would perform little 'plays ' in dumb show. They were usually boys and youths. mummil, w.v5., to mumble, speak indistinctly. [ME. wromelex, from mum, above.]

mun (1), mon, men, man. See mon. mun (2), defect. v6., must. [ON. munu, must.] munnet, muen't, must not. Munde, Mundi, Monday. [OE.

Monan-dseg, moon's day.] mungo, old woollen material and rags, opened out by a machine called a ' garnet '; used for making cheaper cloth.

[Of uncertain origin. 'The story (obviously a figment) commonly told to account for the word is that when the first sample of the article was made the foreman said "It won't go", to which the master replied, " But it wezsz go" (i.e. it must go).' See N.E.D. for further comments.]

munth, a month. from ###0xa, moon.] mush, soft, pulpy ; as a a soft, pulpy condition. [prob. another form of which see.] muss, mussi, a child's variant of ' mouth'. [OE. mouth.] muther, a mother. [OE. mutti-kof, a child's name for a bleat- ing calf ; hence also a crying child -a [Origin of muff? uncertain ; prob. from ME.

[OE. monath,

Huddersfield Dialect

nxekkl

molteren, mullren, to murmur, speak under the breath.] mux, w.v5., to make a mess of, mess up, cover with dirt, [OE. meox, mix, filth, dirt.] E.g. ' Au'm ol maxxt up wi' grigs en' dust thre (from) mi wark.' See mixin. muszzil, the snout of an animal ; hence mouth of a gun ; any cover placed over the mouth. [ME. OF. musel.]

N, n

N», ne, short for nee, adv., now. [OE. u#.] E.g. *' Neg (or »nxe) ld, ee mer te ?' nseb, a nab, the steep end of a hill- ridge. [ON. zabdi, hill-top; cp. OE. cnsep, hill-top, head.] A fre- quent suffix in local place-names, as West Nab, Butter Nab, &c. nsbz, P/, neighbours; a friend standing near. [OE. néak-gebir, nigh-dweller, neighbour.] - E.g. ' mi »sedz thier (Ask my friend, there), wat 1 thinks ebeet it.' nef, nseth, the nave or middle of a wheel. [OE. zafu.] neff, w.vo., to trifle, to be busy about nothing (E.). [prob. a variant of n&gk1, which see.] nsefflier, a person busy about trifles ; a finical person. w.v5., to worry with talk, irritate. [Scand. ; cp. Norw. to nibble, peck ; Olcel. gxaga, and OE. gnagan, to gnaw.] noeggl, w.vo., to quarrel. nssk (1), knack, a moment, a ' nick- nack' or ' tick-tack', a knack of a clock. [prob. imitative word. ME. knak, a knock.] nskkerz, knackers, a pair of 'musical bones ' placed between the fingers tomake a knocking sound ; formerly boys' common playthings. nék (2), a knack, trick; dexterity ; a clever method of doing things. [Origin uncertain ; cp. ON. Z2za¥éA¥z, a trick, trifle.] nseskkl, to trifle about ; to do

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate; e, pen ; e, her; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u = &+ u ;

Page 103

nxekkler

odd jobs of skill ; to mend trifling things. nskkler, one who is fond of, and has a knack at, mending things. neng, w.v5., to vex, be troublesome ; to be painful. [From OE. ange, trouble, pain, with initial # accruing from adj. ar in the phrase 'an ange ', which became ' a nange'.] nseng-nél, a nang-nail, ang-nail or ag-nail : a corn on the foot near a toe-nail. [OE. an ange+nzgel, nail.] nsentl, nontl, w.v5., to move about with mincing step. See nontl. the nap or 'raised' surface of cloth. [ME. zoppe, nap. Prob. introduced by Dutch cloth-workers; MDu. soppe, hair of wool-cloth.] néesti, ad7. & v5., nasty, in sense of dirty, filthy, 'mucky'. E.g. Mother to dirty child : -' Tha's thi feés egien, en' au'v nobbet just wesht thi!l' [Scand. ; cp. Swed. smusékig, nasty, Swed. dial. dirty, &c.] neth ; see nof. natter (1), w.v6., to worry with talk, to grumble much ; also to nibble- like mice at paper, &c. [prob. Scand.; cp. ON. gnadda, knetta, to grumble; but cp. also OE. cneatian, to dispute, argue, talk.] E.g. (1) 'T'wauf nxffers »t mi elbou ol t' dé wi' er tung, wol au get mad, en' then ther'z e rou.' (2) 'Au fxn (found) ol t' peper i' t' droer zxetferd 1' bits wit' t' maus.' natter (2), w.vo., to rattle; clatter -of the teeth. [Scand. ; cp. ON. gnotra, to rattle, shake.] E.g.'Au wer sue koud (cold), wol mi tith feer uzetterd v mi yed.' néetti, ad;., neat, tidily dressed, spruce. [prob. from Fr. #e4, neife, neat, tidy.] nar, compar. adj., nearer. - [ME. nerre, OF. neéahra, compar. of neéak or #ék, nigh. Note that mod. Eng. near is really a comparative, though now used as a positive.] E.g. 'This rued 'z ner that.' nar-ist, nearest. [An example of a

Hudderspeld Dialect

neer

superlative ending added to a com- parative word.] See neist, nei. nark, w.v5., to annoy, irritate, ruffle. [Scand.; cp. ON. gxzarr, togrumble, growl; Dan. 2ZzarA, an old crabby person.] E.g. ' Au felt e bit n»arkt wi waet i sed tu mi.' narki, ad7., irritable, cross-tempered. 'Thae'r vaerri te de; wat's up wi' nary, nerve, courage; impudence. [Fr. zerf, a nerve.] naubet, contracted to nobbet, naut, adv. & con;., nothing but, not but, only, except. [Contracted from naught but, from OE. na + hwit+ biitan = no whit but, nothing but, &c.] E.g. A hillside man, owing {£ 5 to a shopkeeper, goes down and pays him £1, with the remark :- * Au'v zanbet foer muer te pé, nee.' Shopman, sarcastically :-' "NaZz- bet," nobbet, eh? Yo mien yo'n naut ped one !' nauf, a knife. [OE. ca#i/.] naun, nain (later form), ##». ad., nine. Nauntin, naintin, nineteen. Naunti, nainti, ninety. [OE. nigon, nigontiene, nigontig.] naus, ad7., nice ; pretty ; good, well- behaved ; kind. [ME. zice; OFr. nice, simple.] E.g. (1) ' Yoer Mary Elizabeth's e zazs lzss ; u noz e te bi-ev (behave) ersén.' (2) ' Nee bi z@zs wi' mi, oud au'm sugri if au med thi maxllenkolli (vexed) wi' wat au sed.' naut, adv., only, except. naubet. née, adv., nay, no. [ON. zei, nay.] Negative of aye, yes ; see ah. ne-word, a nay-word, a message of refusal or of withdrawal from an engagement of any kind. See baek-word. neb, a bird's bill or beak ; the peak of a cap. [OE. #e06, beak.] ned, kneaded. See neid. neg, neo, n&, adv., now, at present. [OE. now.] neer, an hour, contracted from 'en eer'. Cp. nont, nunkle, neng, &c.

See

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu, = @+u ; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; aZso dl for gl ; tl forel.

3280

73 L

Page 104

neff

neffi, nevvi, nephew. genefa, a nephew.] neg, w.v6., to gnaw ; ache dully but long. [OE. grxagan, to gnaw.] nei, ni, ad7., nigh, close to. [OE. neh, neéak, nigh.] neier, ni-er, nigher. [OE. #2/ra, neéarra, comp. of neist, ni-ist, nighest, next. nehst, superl. of ugh.] neid, p.7., ned, neided, #.p, noddn, neided, to knead dough. [OE. czedan, to knead.] E.g. 'Ez te zoddn yet ?' ' Eah, au ned this fornuin.' neid-kit, né-kit, a small trough or tub (= in which to mix oat- meal for oat-bread, and from which the resulting thin dough was ladled on to the (which see). neil, niel, nil (later form), nelt, w.vb., to kneel. [ME. cueolien, knélen ; OE. cneowlian.] neist, see nei. neiv, the fist. [ON. Zze/f, fist.] néekt, naked, bared to the skin. [OE. zacod, bare.] nengkit, an old name for a small oatmeal tub, a 'neidkit'. [prob. from OE. exge, narrow, small. The initial xz is adhesive from az in the phrase an erge Ait, i.e. a neng-kit.] nent, adv. & prep., short for anent. See enent. ner, nor; than. [ME. 207, short for zofker; OE. nawther, from xa + neither.]

[OE.

Note that ner is invariably used for ékan in this dialect. E.g. 'Au'd réther sv this ser that.'

nesh, ad7., tender, soft ; easily catch- ing cold. [OE. Axesce, soft.] nessi, a necessary out-house, a privy. [OFr. zecessaire, needful.] nevil, navel. [OE. zafe/la. nef.] neu, niu, ad}., new. [OE. neowe, niwe.] niddl, w.vo., to walk mincingly, wagging the body. [prob. a variant of noddle, which see.]

See

Hudderspeld Dialect [OE. zxefa, |

| | | |

no nier (1), a kidney. [ON. »#yra, kidneys.] nier (2), adj., near; close-fisted, greedy. [OE. compar. nier (3), adv., contracted form of never. [OE. #&fre.) niger (4). See neigr. nies, nis, a niece. [OFr. #iece.] niet, a@;., neat, tidy ; pure. [Fr. #ef, nette.] niez, niz, .v5., to breathe asthmati- cally, wheeze (E.) ; also to sneeze. [ME. zesemn; Scand.; cp. ON. hnj0sa, Swe. nysa; and OE. fneo- san, to sneeze.] w.v6., to steal anything slily (E.). [prob. Scand. ; cp. ON. Azup/a, to pilfer.] nifti, ad7., quick, alert, sharp. uncertain origin (N.E.D.).] nik, a small notch ; a slit, crack; a narrow passage, as in Wappy NicZ, now Market Huddersfield. [A modified form of ME. zokéZe, an indentation.] See waeppi also. nip, w.v6., to pinch, squeeze ; to pick up, lift up ; to lift up the feet, hence to walk quietly, to go stealthily. [ME. énippen, nippen ; Scand.; cp. ON. Aneppa; Swed. knipa, to nip.) (1) ° Nip inte th'ees beet noiz, en' luk if i1'z in.' (2) 'Them childer nips ebeet, ez wik (lively) ez rebbits.' (3) 'N that pin up off e t' fluer.' nipper, a miser; a thief; one who goes stealthily or quickly, hence an active child. nip-korn, one who is so greedy as to nip a c«rrant in two in order to save half. nit, night. [OE. #i/Z¢.] Nit-lit, a night-light. Nit-taum, night-time. nit (1), the egg of a louse. [OE. hnitu.] nit (2), w.vd., to knit. [OE. czyifan.] nivver, contracted to nier, adv., never. [OE. niz, nies, w.v5., to wheeze, to sneeze. See niez. no (1), p.5. neu, niu, p.p. non, siz.v6., to know. [OE. cxdwan.] no (2), p.+. nod, p.p. nod, non, w.v6.,

[Of

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see ; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; o, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; su = &+ u;

74

Page 105

nob

to gnaw, bite. [OE. gagan.] See nsz, and neg. nob (1), a knob, lump ; head. [A form of nop, which see.] nob (2), one of the higher classes, lit. one of the nobility. [Short for noble, from Fr. noble, Lat. nobilis, well-known.] nobbi, adj., fine-looking, smart ; having a higher social position. E. g. < Au felt sue #066 1 mi niu Sundi tluez, et wen au get te t' chaeppil au went en' set reit imazeng t' #sobz-t t' frunt piuz the noz.' nobbet, naut, adv. & con;., only, except. [Later forms of naubet, which see.] nobbl, w.vo., to take hold of, seize ; to strike on the head, to seize by the head. See nob (1), nop. noch, a notch, nick, incision, score; at * bad and ball,' the old name for a run, which was scored or cut on a stick. [ME. ocZkex, to cut; oche, a nick, the cut on a tally- stick.] nod, w.vd., to nod the head, shake ; to doze or fall asleep in a chair. [ME. zodden.] noddl (1), #w.vo., to nod the head frequently ; to shake, waggle. noddl (2), the head-lit. a little head or lump. [ME. zode/.] noddi, a simpleton, fool, noodle; prob. = one who nods, is drowsy or dull. noggin, originally a wooden cup. A measure of alcoholic spirits equal to half a local gill, or a quarter- pint. [Scand. origin-the Irish mnoigin, Gael. noigean, noggin, being from the English word (Skt.).] noilz, noils-the short fibres of wool removed by the combing machine. [Origin uncertain.] to beat, thrash. [* Noint for anointis a corruption of fifteenth century ' (Skt. in E.). ME. OFr. exoindre, to smear.] nointer, a mischievous fellow ; one who 'beats' or surpasses all in mischief.

Dialect

nop

noit, nuit, a fix, difficulty, pass, awkward position or state ; occu- pation. [OE. z#ofz, use, employ- ment, usage.] E.g. (1) 'Things ez gettn te e zor? wen ther'z nue wark for ez te du.' (2) An older use of the word was: 'Au 'm et e zoi? au duen't lauk', meaning task, job. noj, nuj, w.vo., to nudge, push slightly, jog. [variant of prob. Scand.; cp. Norw. to rub, push.] nok, to knock, rap, strike. cnocian, to knock ; cp. ON. ZzxzoZa.] nokkl, a knuckle, a lump. [ME. knokil, knuckle; cp. Du. knokkel.] nomini, a nominy, a string of names; hence a long rambling tale, a rig- marole. [prob. through Fr. from Lat. zominare, to name.] Nonsi, Nancy, a feminine name- another form of Azz. Miss Nonsi or-Nansi, any af- fected, vain young woman showily dressed and of mincing manner. [£ither from some well-known girl of that name and character, or a corruption of 'Miss NomsicZk', or Nonesuch.] nont, aunt; contracted from az aunt. Cp. nunkle, neng,nengkit, noch, &c. [ME. awnte,OFr. ante, Lat. amita, a father's sister.] See sent. nontl, nsntl, w.v5., to 'mince' in walking, walk with a jerking gait ; to dance attendance from one per- son to another. [Origin uncertain, but prob. imitative, and connected with dondle, which see.] nop, noup, nuep, w.7v6., to hit, strike -especially on the head. [ME. molpen.] E.g. I remember, as a boy, another boy going home to his father from Sunday morning service in church with the complaint that ' Oud Jue' (the verger) had ' him on the head with his ' noping stick ' and drawn blood ; whereupon the stern parent replied : 'En' au'll bueth #0/ thi en' peil thi, next taum

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = g+u ; ig, pier ; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

75

Page 106

nop

the kumz wom wi' thi piutlin tale. The shed bi-ev (behave) thisen.' nop, nuep, a knock, blow. [ME. noilpe.] nopinz, noupinz, nuepinzg, secret takings or plunderings, private acquisitions of goods or money by employés as tips or ofkerwise. E.g. 'i izn't rich thre t' wey i'z seddld ; it's t' z#opins 1' z kollerd.' nopit, nuepit, nuppit (later form), a simpleton, noodle, numskull,--a ' dazed-wit'. [prob. knocked + OE. wit, understanding.] nop, a knob, a bud ; lump; the head. [ME. crop, a knob; cp. OE. a hill-top, head.] norr, a knurr, a hard knot in wood ; hence a hard wooden ball, as used in the game of 'knurr and spell '. [ME. 2x07; cp. ODu. ézorre, Icel. knottr, a ball.| See spell. nother (th = dh), cor}., neither. [OE. xather, nauther, from na- hwoether, neither.] nou, nue (older form), #eg. adv., no,

neg. of yes. [OE. never, no ; from ze, not, ever.] nouer, nuewier, a@v., nowhere.

[OE. 2a, no + Akw#&r, where.] noul (1), a knoll, hillock, hill-top ; hence the head. [OE. c#07, knoll, summit. ] noul, w.v6., to strike on the head. noul (2), w.v6., to knoll or toll a bell, to knell. [ME. cxollex, to knock ; cp. OE. cxy/l/an, to knock loudly.] nout, nothing, nought; a cipher. [ME. zaught; OE. na+wikt> naht, not anything.] See out (1). nozzl, nose; anything standing out like a nose. [OE. zos dim. nue, #6¢, ad}. & adv., no ; short for »one. See nuen, nou. nugbdi, nubdi, nobody. bodig, body.] nuebl, ad;. & xoun, noble. [Fr. noble, well-known.] See nob (2). nuen, prox. & adj., none, no ; not (adv.), [OE. nan = ne, not+ an, one.] E.g. 'Au'm been te gi yo ledz zout; nuen on ye. Au'v

[xo + OE.

Hudderspeld Dialect

j

nut

nout fer ##egda@?. = I'm not going to give you boys anything ; none of you. -I've nothing for anybody. nuet, a note; mark. [Fr. more.] nuaz, nose. [OE. #os#, nuezi, ad7., nosey, fond of poking the nose, or prying, into things. nuezi-pauker, a nosey-piker, one who slily thrusts (pauks) his nose into other people's business. See pauk, pauker. Note. The forms 'nosey-parker' and 'nosey-porker', generally used, are (as I think) mistaken forms of 'nuezi« pauker '. nuez-oil, a nose-hole or nostril-the latter word never used in this dialect. nuidl, a noodle, simpleton. [prob. means 'little noddi ', which see.] nuin, noon, mid-day. [OE. #0x, noon ; from Lat. #0xra, the ninth hour.] nuinin, a nooning, i.e. a resting at mid-day; hence noon, mid-day. 'For-nuinin', 'for-nuin', both used for forenoon. nuj, to nudge. See noj. nuk, a nook, corner; a nook or corner between two woods. [ME. »o0k, a corner; prob. Scand.; cp. Norw. #04, nook.] E.g. of com- pounds corner for ashes ; a little nook ; Wood- Nook, Honley. nunkit, nuenkit, a simpleton, a know-nothing, foolish fellow. [OE. none, no + cyih, acquaintance, knowledge.] nunkl, an uncle. [ME. #x#c/e ; OFr. uncle (Lat.). The initial # is ad- hesive from final z of previous word. See nont.] E.g. ' Nuné/! Sam, kzen au gu wi' ye ?'

: nuppit, nopit (older form) nuepit,

a simpleton, numskull-a ! dazed- wit'. See nopit. nut, a nut ; hence the head, because of its resemblance, when closely cropped, to a nut ; also a wayward or mischievous person, one hard to deal with. [OE. a nut.] E.g. (1) 'Au'll krazk thi #44 for

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate; e, pen; e, her; i, see ; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; su = &+ u;

76

Page 107

nuzzl

thi, if the arn't off', said punningly to a boy. (2) 'Thae'rt e bonni #47, te karri on wi' t' lessez ez the duz.' nuzzl, w.v5., to grub or root with the nose like a pig ; also, of a child, to push the face into the mother's breast, [OE. zosz,nose, + /e,dimin. suffix.]

O,

Obet, contracted form of 'all = except. E.g.'Au'v woern (spent) ol mi brass (money) nee,-e shillin obet e opni.' 6bi, obuk, a hawby, or hawbuck, a simpleton, country lout (E). [E. haw,to hesitate + buck (which see).] och, w.v5., to hutch up, to move the body by jerks, as on a [prob. from Fr. AocZker, to shake, jolt.] od (1), oud, w.vwd., to hold, keep fast. See dld. E.g. (1) 'Tak od on it.' (2) ' Oud on e bit; duen't tok se fxst, mun.' od-fsest, see Gld-fest. od (2), adj., odd, not even ; strange, single, separate; illegitimate. [ME. odde, unique; ON. oddi.]} E.g. (1) 'John Henry wer e ocd chauld, the siz (sees) ; en i wer olis shemd on it.' (2) °Ez te onni ¢ Au'v just e zod@d en left (an odd one left).. (3) One boy to another: ' Let's lek et od gr eimm wi' (at or 'od (3), a shortened, evasive form of God, used in softened oaths, as ''od rot it,' and (further shortened) ''drot it', ''draet it'. of, af, half,. [OE. kealf.]} See opeth, opni. of en' éf, half and half, with same meaning as ' six of one and half a dozen of the other'. of-rokt-en', a half-rocked one, i.e. a half-witted fellow, one who was badly reared or cradled. off, adv., off, from -generally followed by os or g (= of). [Emphatic form of OE. of.] E.g. Gi mie bit of

Hudderspeld Dialect

O1l-beer

on it, will te?' 'Nou ; but au'll gi thi e lump off ¢ this tie-kek estied (tea-cake instead).' offi, offal, rubbish, waste meat. [ME. offal, that which falls off ; cp. Du. afval, windfall, offal.] offid, ad7., offald, low, evil in mind and habit, drunken. [Cp. Dan. affala, offal.] offlement, waste, rubbish ; low, lewd talk. E. g. ' Thiet felli'z reit of/Zd, en' iz olis tokin ofFZement en' ol' (and he's always talking lewdness, too). oil, a hole; a place, room, space, &c. E.g. 'oil 1' t' wol' (hole in the wall), 'kol-oz/' (coal-place), ' (ear- hole), 't' bak of/" (the backroom), &c. [OE, 2ol, a hole, cavern, den.] oj-poj, hodge-podge, or hotch-potch, a confused medley. [Fr. ZAockepot, medley.] okerd, okkerd, ad;. & adv., awk- ward ; ungainly, clumsy; difficult. [ME. = auk, contrary, wrong + ward; cp. Olcel. ifugr, contrary.] E..g.(1)' Au ked nivver weer tlogz, au olis felt se oZexZ in em.' (2) 'z vaerri dkerd to get on wr'.' okker (1), w.v5., to hocker, hesitate, stammer. [ON. 207a, to hesitate.] E. g. ° Wen au'zext im fer t triuth i okkerd e bit efuer i spek it okker (2), ochre, a fine yellow clay occurring in some of the local valleys. [Fr. ocre (Lat. Grk.).] okker-dauk, ochre-dyke, a stream stained with yellow clay. See dauk. okshen, an auction ; hence any un- tidy room. [Lat.] E.g. 'Shu'z nout but e slut; er ees ez e feer okshgn. 61 (1), an awl, a piercing tool. [OE. sel, al. ol (2), a hall. [OE. Zea//, a shelter, hall; but cp. ON. 2a//, 26//.] Ol-beer, Hall Bower, an old hamlet below Castle Hill ; probably the site of an ancient dower or dwelling connected with the older, Saxon or Danish, Castle, at a time when

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

77

Page 108

ol

woods stretched round most of the base of the hill. [OE. ZeallZ + a dwelling, cottage, pavilion, &c.] 61 (3), ad}., all, every. [OE. eal, all.] olis, adv., always. [ME. alles weis, in every way; OE. alize weg, every way.] En' ol (and all) = also. dld, p.7. eld, dlded, #.p. dldan, to hold, keep. [OE. Zealdan, to hold.] See od (1), oud. od-fsst, a hold-fast, an iron staple with an elbow ; as az ad}., firm, sure. E.g. ' Au'm odfzest on it' (E.). olli, an ' in the game of marbles -the 'white alley' made of ala- baster stone, a kind of white marble, the 'glass alley' made of glass. [A short form of alabaster, OFr. alabastre. olliblester, the old local name of alabaster. ollin, holly. [OE. Z2o/ex.] The older word is still in use, and occurs also in ZZo/lin Hall, Meltham, and FHollin(g)worth, both a place- and _ sur-name. Ombri, Embri (sometimes), the local pronunciation of Almond- bury, an old hill-village now in the borough of Huddersfield.

Domesday Book names it A/manaberie, which Professor Moorman in his 'Place- names of the West Riding' has given strong evidence to show is from OK. Alemanabyrig (prob. ME. Almaun) = the fortified town of the Alemanni, a S. German tribe, numbers of whom were probably transferred to Britain after having been conquered by the Roman Emperor Probus in A.D. 277, and later were in part settled by the Romans on the hill at ° Almanaberie'. See also Uthersfild.

ommest, a@v., almost. mast.] omz (1), alms, charity. [ME. almesse, almes ; OE. selmesse. (Lat.-Gk.)]. omz-eezez, alms-houses. omz (2), haulms, stalks of corn. [OE. Realm, a stalk ; but cp. ON. hai/mr.] omz (3). See emz. on, oun, w.v5., to own, possess ; to

[OE. eal.

Hudderspeld Dialect

6opuni

claim, recognize; acknowledge. [OE. digan, to possess ; agmian, to claim as one's own.] E.g. (1) 'Well, au nivver'! au ken ardli oz (oun) thi, nee the 'z shevd thi bierd off.' (2) Gossip:-*'En wiso yond Missis Smith et th' konsert, but u wodn't on sich ez uz. Tha siz (sees) u wer imeng t' nobz 1' t' frunt siets.' on, prep., on, upon ; in, with ; also frequently means o/. on.] E.g. (1) 'Au'm beet bacca : zz onni 0o# yo (any of you) onni or yo (any upon, with you)?' (2) 'Waet's thet med oz (made of) ?" Onli, Honley, a village in the Holme Valley at the bottom of Honley Moor, which latter was until a cen- tury and a half ago mostly covered with heather, shrubs, and trees. [Domesday Book gives it Hazmeleia. Hane may have been an ownet's name, but more probably, from OE. 2Azunig, honey + /2ak, meadow.] Onyerd, Onyed, the local name of a stretch of heathery moorland still left near the top of Honley Moor.

In the ' Award of the Manor of issued 1788, a copy of which an old friend has loaned me, I find this tract frequently called Zoney Head, which supports the derivation of 'Honley' from OE. Azunig, honey. I have heard old folks say that the heather was made much use of by bee-keepers bringing their hives of bees there in the days when the moor was common-land. onni, snni, ad., any. [OE. snig, any.] onni-boddi, snni-boddi, anybody. [OE. onni-wier, snni-wier, anywhere. [OE. suig-hwaer.] onsh, unsh, a haunch, hip. hanche.) ont, w.vo., to haunt, to frequent. [ME. Zaunter; OFr. hanter.] ont, an aunt. See nont, and sent. 6peth, a ha'-porth, half-penny-worth. [A contraction of the dialect-form 0f-penngth. See of, and penneth.] opni, a halfpenny. [Contracted from dial. 0/-penni.]

[OFr.

& as a in glad ; &a, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see ; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u = &+ u;

78

Page 109

oppet

opper, a hopper, large basket, tub (not frequent). [prob. OE. 25%, hoop + er.] oppi, oupi, a child's name for a horse, -a 'hobby'. [ME. and OFr. Robin, an ambling nag.] oppi-dob, oupi-dob, another form of the above. See dob. oppit, a basket of withies ; a beehive: lit. a Aooped kit. [OE. hop, a hoop + Ait, which see.] oppl, a hopple or hobble, a fetter for horses and other animals, which causes them to 20p. [From OE. hoppian, to hop + le, instrumental.] oppn, @@7., open, unclosed. [OE. open.] oppn, w.v5., to open. [OE. oppnin, an opening. [OE. opmzung.] oppn-basend, ad7., blunt, frank, ' blab. bing '; then vulgar, coarse in speech. See The reference seems to be to an open poke, or bag, which has a string inserted around its 'mouth' to open and close it. E. g. (1) ° That lass ez reit oppn-bsxend,-u tellz thi ol u noz (she tells one all she knows). (2) 'Yond chaep's tg oppn-bzxnd (too vulgar) fer mi. Au lauk e bit e déesent tok (decent talk), not iz suert.' qorchent, qrchin, an urchin, hedge- hog. [OFr. erigon (Lat.).] orkl, w.v5., to hurkle, cower down, to squat (E.). [Connected with Du. hurken, to squat (Skt.).] E.g. 'Wat prkiin v t frunt & t' faur for? Er te puerli?' qrri, to hurry, hasten; to draw along, carry. [ME. Zoriex, to hurry ; cp. Swed. 2z»»ra, to swing, whirl.] Orst, Hirst, a frequent W. Riding surname, in other parts often spelt Hurst. [ME. OE. Ayrst, a wood, thicket.] ort, p.4. qorted, p.$. ortn, w.vo., to hurt, harm. [ME. to push against, injure; OFr. to strike against.] orts, orts, remnants, leavings- especially of a meal ; refuse. [ME.

Huddersfield Dialect

Qudroid

ortys, prob. for an OE. from OE. or, without + efaz, to eat. Cp. MDu. remains of food. (N.E.D.)] E.g. "Au olis sem up ol th' pris e miel fer th' ket en' th' enz.' The word is still in use. oss, w.v5., to stir, move, hasten, set about doing ; to bestir one's self, to try or offer to do. [Origin obscure. (N.E.D.)] (1) ' Nee lad, oss thisen, er thae'll bi lat te t' skuil.' (2) 'Wen au kold im te iz dinner i nier ost te kum.' (3) 'Thiwark's iezi inuf ; tha duzn't oss mun, er els the ked du it.'

Note. Curiously, this word is not in use in the neighbouring district of Emley. Thus where in the Huddersfield dis- trict we say: 'It's ossis tg ren', around Emley they say :-' It's oferin te ren '. Its use is rare also on the opposite side of this district, in Elland, and Halifax; but common in S. Lan- cashire. It is one of many examples showing the influence of local geo- graphical conditions upon both the 'spread ' of dialect and its variations.

ost, uest, a hoast, a cough. [OE. hwosta, a cough; cp. ON. Aosti.] ost, uest, w.v5., to hoast, cough, clear the throat. [OE. 2wasian.] other, uether (th = dh), corn;., either. [ME. either, aither; OE. sgther, contracted from »®g-Awaxether, a- hwoether, either.] ou! ei! ixter7., an exclamation to call attention. E. g. (1) ° Ox, led! ee arte guin (2) ' Ox thier !' or ° Ei thier !' (= Hi, there!). ou, w.v5., to owe, to be in debt, lit. to possess what belongs to another. [ME. awenr, owen ; OE. agan, to possess; hence own.] See out (2). oud (1), ad}., old, aged. [OE. eald, old.]

Oudfild, Oufild, Oldfield, a place- name and surname - frequent locally. QOudroid, Ouroid, Qlroid, varying local pronunciations of the frequent surnames Oldroyd and Holroyd. [Either from OE. ealZ+roy@ or

eg, pear ; ei, reign ; eu = ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; o1, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; aZso dl for gl ; tl for cl.

79

Page 110

Oud-lzxzd

roid, which see ; or OE. Ao/k, Aol, hollow + xoy4.] a local name for the Devil. Also Oud-Nik, and Th' Oud-en, which are more than local. oud (2), od, dld, variant forms of to 2o/d. See 81d. ouer, adv., anywhere. [ME. owher; shortened from OE. sexig-kwszr.] See nouer. ouler, oler (older form), the alder- tree (E.). [ME. ai/er; OE. aloy.] See also butter-. oult, out, a holt, a wood ; seldom used now, but found in proper names, as Holt, Holt-head (¢°Oult-yed'), Outwood (Holt-wood), Oxtlane (Holt-lane). The two latter names are locally pronounced ' Eetwud ', ' Eetloin ', probably owing to the prefix being mistaken for the preposition. [OE. a wood, grove; cp. ON. 20/z.] Oum, Holme, the local river-tributary of the Colne, and the village Holme, near its source. [OE. 2o/m, origin- ally a mound or hill, then a river- islet, flat land beside a river; the sea, &c. Cp. ON. 20/mr, holmi, a flat meadow, hill; island ; and Dan. Ao/n:.] Note that Holme village is on a mound, as is also the smaller Holme hamlet above Slaithwaite. Domesday Book records the former as Ho/re, which has suggested to some persons that the origin of the name is OE, 20/ez, holly (see ollin). The former derivation, however, seems the more probable. Oumforth, Holmfirth, situate on a narrow part of the Holme valley where the Greenfield-to-Shepley road crosses the river. [Hoim+ OE. ford, forth, a ford, passage. Thus the name means the Holme- ford or forth.] Note that above Holmfirth, on the Greenfield road, occurs the old and well-known Ford Inn. - Zlo/mes is also a frequent W. Riding surname.

Oum Moss, the wild, high moorland

above Holme, from which the river Holme has its sources. See moss.

FH udderspeld Dialect

peed

Oum Stau, Oum Sti (older form), Holme Stye, the steep rocky face of the Moss at the head of the valley. [See st1, a path or ascent, &c.] oun, to own. See on. out (1), aught, anything. [ME. aught; OF. aht, awiht, from &+ wikt, a creature, wight, ' See nout. E.g. ° customer to butcher ; ¢ Ou lad, du au ou yo out?* Ans. s ' Nou, nout? | out (2), defective vb., ought, should. [Really a past tense-ME. oughte, from OE. ah, itself a p.t. of agan, to owe, possess. Cp. ON. eiga, to possess, have, be bound.] See ou (vb.). E.g. (1) ont te bi et wom wi thi puerli wauf, estied e kronkin ier suppin el." (2) ' Thee didn't ox? te e guen thier et ol, the rielli zou? te gu for.' ' Nou, au no au ost te e guen, bet sum-ee au ovver, ouer, prep., over, above. [OE. ofer, over.] Note 1. Ovver and uvver (which see) are two different words: the latter means #pper. E.g. a Honley man would say : ® Au'm guin owver th' ill (hill) te Uvvge» Thong (Upper -) te si mi sister et live thier.' Note 2. Ovver is often used peculiarly in the sense of #p, as in the phrase 'te giv ovver' = to give up, cease. E.g. (1) Giv ovver pléegin mi.' (2) 'Au'y gin ovuer guin te t' Black Bull ; th' el they thier 'z lauk weshin-up waetter." ovvil, uvvil, a cover for the finger, &c. See uvvil. Okspring, Oxspring, a village near Penistone. [prob. from Keltic #&s, use, water, river+ OE. spring, a spring, source, &c.]

P, p

Pad, a pad, soft cushion ; the ball of the foot. [Origin obscure. Cp. Du. pad, sole of foot.] pad, pod, w.v5., to walk softly, as with padded feet.

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; e, her; i, see ; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; au = &+ u;

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Page 111

peed-fuit

paod-fuit, a pad-foot ; a ghost that walks as with padded feet. Formerly a terrible ' bogey', having dif- ferent animal-forms as dog, bear, wolf, &c., in accordance with the imagina- tions of different people, but usually with {eyes like saucers '. It was seldom known to attack people, but it haunted their footsteps so doggedly that they often had 'neck-wark' from watching it while it followed them '¢biun e maul '.

Pseddek, Paddock, formerly a village near Huddersfield, now one of its 'wards'. [A corruption of ME. parrok, a small enclosure, park; from OE. pearroc, enclosed ground.] psddi, peddi-waek (1), anger, quick temper: prob. so named from the characteristic quick temper of Irishmen. pseddi-wiaek (2), a good drubbing or whacking-such as an in a temper would give. ' Au'll gi thi paeddi-woek if tha duzn't old thi din.' [paad@y, an wak. See week (2).] peddi-waek (3), a simpleton, fool, a 'softie'; also called a ' wakki' (which see). peddl (1), to walk about, toddle ; then to assist in walking, to lead a child or weak person by the hand. [prob. Px@ = the foot + el, instru. or frequent. suffix.] paeddl (2), w.v5., to wade and dabble with the feet in shallow water. [prob. same as (1).] E.g. © Wol wi wer et Blackpool t' childer wer v V waxtter ivvri de, en' sumtaumz au pxZd/Z em wi' mi te kip em thre folin.' pen, to pan to, or set to in earnest ; settle down ; to patch, to fit, agree with,. [Origin uncertain; perh. ME. paze, OFr. pane, a piece, patch, &c.] (1) ' If wi er guin te finish that job te nit, wi'st' x te deen tu it' (2) Father, pointing to rent in his coat ; ' Pzn e tleet ovver this oil, wi' te lass ?' paenshen, a bowl, any eartnenware vessel. [Origin uncertain ; perh. same word as puzxcheon, a cask, or

Hudderspeld Dialect

pauker

a deriv. of OE. panne, a pan, shal- low bowl.] pepper, the old pronunciation of the word paper. [ME. and OE. pager, from Lat. papyrus.] paesh, w.v6., to pash, beat, smash, to dash or throw down. [Scand. ; cp. Dan. bdaska, to slap ; Swed. paska, to dabble in water.] pittin, a patten, a kind of 'clog' having an iron ring underneath to keep the foot out of water or snow. [Fr. patin (Lat.).] E.g. 'That chap woks lauk e kat 1' pattren, a pattern, example, sample. [ME. patron, from Fr. patron, a patron; also a sample.] pais-wais, peis-weis, the hard ten- dons in meat, esp. those of the neck-meat. [ME. parx-waxr, fex- wax, from OE. feax, hair + weaxan, to grow (Skt.).] pau, a pie, pasty. [ME. Pie; Fr. pie.] paudl, w.v5., to piddle, trifle, to be over-particular ; to be whimsical, or fanciful. [prob. another form of peddle.] E.g. an ailing boy 'paudlz ' over his food when he picks out and eats a few bits and rejects the rest. pauk (1), w.vo., to pike, poke, pull or pick out. [OE. picax, to pick, pull.] - E.g. said of fowls after being rained on : 'T' wit meks em pauk em, i.e. the wet makes them pick or clean themselves. A favourite old catch-saying to puzzle southerners. pauk (2), to pick one's way, to tread softly, move about unnoticed ; hence to pry, to meddle. [See pauk (1).] E.g. (1) a truant boy might say of his return home: ' Au paukt inte th' ees en' get upsteerz te bed beet biin sin wi' mi faxther,' 1. e. I crept into the house, and got upstairs to bed without being seen by my father. (2) ° U pazét ebecet th' ees ez quaut ez e mees.' pauker, a piker; one who pries or peeps slily into another's affairs. See nuezi-pauker.

ee, pear; ei, reign ; eu ie, pier ; iu, few ; oe, boar ; 01, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

$280

81 M

Page 112

pauk

pauk (3), peek, a pike or sore pimple, a small boil; also a hill-top. [OE. pic, a point, peak, pike, head. Cp. peek, pik.] pauklit, a pikelet or crumpet. [Origin uncertain.] Pauk Staul or Pik Stil (older form), Pike Stile, a ridge-crest near Thurstonland. See stil, and cp. Oum Stau. paul, a pile, heap. [OE. $2/.] paun, to pine, suffer pain, waste away ; to long for. [ME. pinen, OE. pinian, to give pain, to torture ; languish.] paunet, a magpie, a bird with white and black feathers. [Origin uncer- tain; possibly a dialect contraction of pied-nut, i.e. pied-head, or variously marked head. (Cp. OFr. pie, magpie.)] See nut. paunt, a pint measure = 2 local gills. [Fr. pinte.] pauz, w.v5., to pize or push, to knock about. [prob. same as poiz.] pauz-bol, a game in which knocking or pushing a ball about is the chief feature. pa, w.vo., to pay, satisfy ; hence to beat, defeat, thrash. [ME. payex, to discharge a debt, from OFr. paier, to pay, to content. Hence the -dialect meaning of ' to make content by beating', to defeat.] (1) ' Au will $2 (beat) thi if the duzn't bi-eév (behave) thisen.' (2) A memory of the ¢ ; Well-known fighter meeting by chance a rival whom he had beaten in a fight previously : ' If au keen't pe (defeat) Pigs Oufild, au ken $2 thi-onni taum. Sue au'll $2 thi nee wol au a' thi ier.' peddl, a trifling thing or connivance of any kind. [Origin uncertain ; prob. = any little thing, such as are hawked in a basket (ME. pedae, basket).] peddler, a pedlar, one who hawks 'peddles' or small wares in a basket. [ME. $edde, a basket ; peddare, pedlare, a pedlar.] peddl, w.v5., to hawk things about ;

Dialect

peerkin

to trifle, to bother about trifies. E.g. (1) 'Wat ar te botherin s long wi' that peddle (trifling thing? for?' (2) ' Sin i kum inte iz fether brass, 1'z nier dun nout naut spend iz taum peddlin wi' odd jobz.' peech, a pouch, bag. [OFr. Jorc/Ae.] pegder, peether, powder, small grains or particles. [ME. powdre, OFr. puldre.] peek, pauk, pouk, a pike or sore pimple. [See pauk (3) and cp. Gael. pwceaid, a pimple; Irish But probably the form peghk is a variant of pouk, which is a 'fine' or 'polite' pronunciation of the word due to confusion with ' pouch '.] peend (1), a pound iz zzozey, pund, which see, being the local name for a pound in weight. [Both forms are from Lat. pordo, by weight, through OE. pzexd, a weight.] peend (2), a pound, or pinfold, an enclosure for stray cattle, &c. [ME. pond, OK. pund, enclosure.] See pinder, pinfoud. peend (3), to pound, grind in a mortar. [OE. The d final is excrescent. peer (1), power, strength. [ME. pouer; OFr. pooir, to be able. (Lat.)] peer-lum, a power-loom, running by applied power. peer (2), w.v5., to pour out. [ME. pouren; OFr. purer (Lat.).]} The word has now partly taken the place of the ON. word tim, to teem, pour.

peerden, peerdn, pardon. [ME. pardoun.] peerk, a park, enclosed land. [OE.

pearrue ; see pameddek.] Peerk Raudin, Park Riding, land between Castle Hill and Berry Brow, formerly enclosed, probably, as a park pertaining to the ' Castle' or Hall. See Raudin. peerkin, parkin, a thick flat cake made chiefly of oatmeal and treacle, and eaten especially on and after Guy Fawkes' Day (Nov. 5). [Origin

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see ; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; &u = &+ u;

82

Page 113

peerler

doubtful; prob. from the proper name Perkin or Parkin, the latter a frequent family name in W. Riding, = PrgrZix. See Piers.] peerler, peler (shorter form), a par- lour, sitting-room. [ME. par/onr ; OFr. parloir, a room for conversa- tion.] peersli, parsley. [Fr. persi/.] peersen, the older form of both per- son and parson. [ME. persone; OFr. Persone, a personage, person. (Lat.)] peert, a part, portion. [Fr. Note,. It is the rule that the initial par-, when followed by a consonant in Eng- lish words, is pronounced peer- in the dialect. Other examples are: pegrtli (partly), peertin (parting), pegertner (partner), pegerliment (parliament); also depeert, impeegrt, &c. peff, pek, see peh below. peggi, called also a a@o//y and a wooden instrument used in washing clothes. [All three names probably transferred from those of ' kitchen-girls '.] poh (2 = guttural aspirate), peff, w.vb., to cough drily, to clear the throat. [prob. an imitative word, the earliest form, $¢2, meaning to pant, breathe hard. (N.E.D.)] ' Waxtivver duz thet chauld el? Uz olis peAZAiz (or peffin) en' koffin ', or-' ostin en' Note. The guttural form peA was in frequent use half a century ago; but peff and pek have now superseded it. pei, a pea-formerly Pease, from which the s has dropped. [ME. pese ; OE. pisa, a pea. (Lat.)] poi-kod, pei-swazd, a pease-cod or pod. [OE. codd, a small bag; see swad.]| pei-ull, another name for pea-pod, though not much used now. [OE. hule, a covering, husk ; connected with vo. i1, which see.] peil, w.v5., to beat, strike, to pound ; hence to work vigorously. [prob. OE. pi/ian, to beat, pound, from OE. pi#/, a mortar.] E.g. (1) ' Oud Ned iust (used) te pef?Z iz miul

Dialect

pestil

(donkey) summet shemful.' (2) * Let's peil ewe et ez wark (at our work), en' it'll suin bi dun.' peil-stik, a stick or rod to beat car- pets with. peiv, piv, piev, w.v5., to peeve ; to vex ; grieve, irritate. [A verb formed from peevisA, in its meaning of fretful, petulant.] Not an old word, and mostly used as a parti- ciple, present or past. E.g. (1) 'This suert e wark's feer Piviz (pigvin). It duz tsk sum duin. (2) ' Au fil reit peiva (or piva) te think au'v spoild this duef' Mal- lenkolli is used in same sense. peiz, to weigh, balance ;-not much used now. [OFr. Peiser, peser, to weigh.] pek (1). See peh. pek (2), a pack or sack of grain con- taining a certain measure, varying with the kind of grain. Also a measure of peas, beans, &c., about a quarter of a bushel. [ME. peéZe; OFr. pek.] pekker, head, heart, courage; a colloquial use. [lit., that which picks or pecks ; beak; hence nose, head.] E.g. 'Kip thi PeéZker up loed, en' then tha'll win ol reit.' See pik (1). péler, parlour. See peerler. pen, pin, a pen, feather. [OFr. penne, from Lat.] E.g. said humorously to a niggardly poultry- man, going bald : 'Tha'rt weeiiz (moulting) saedli, oud kok! But nier id, led; if thx keen't elp loizin thi $exz, tha Ase» gu on sevin thi pesnies, keen't te ?' peneth, a penny worth. [OE. pering, penny + weorth, value, worth.] penk, pink, w.v5., to wink the eye, to glance slily, to squint (E.). [Cp. Du. pinken, to leer. (Skt.)] penk-id, ad;., squint-eyed. pentis, a pent-house, a shed with sloping roof, projecting from a building. [O¥Fr. pept, peeped. See pip. pestil, the fore-shank of a pig ; the same word as pesf/e, a pounding

ege, pear; ei, reign; eu =

ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar;

oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

83

Page 114

petet

instrument in a mortar. from OFr. pesiel.] petet, a potato. petti, an out-closet, a 'nessi'. petit, little.] petti-bsb, a spoilt child ; lit., a petted baby. peutl, piutl, w.v5., to cry, whimper. [The root Pe- is probably an imitative word, with suffix -£e fre- quentative ; cp. Fr. Ppiaew/ler, to whimper, whence our word P$#/e. (Skt.)] E.g. 'Wat mr to peutlin (or piutlin) »t, nee? Old thi din, thee pettibaeb.' piek, pierk, a perch. a rod, bar. pier, a pear. [OE. pere, from Lat. pirum, a pear.]

[ME. ;

[Fr.

[Fr. perche,

Note. Pier is one of a number of Latin words brought into the Old English language through the introduction of Christianity into England in A. D. 597 and after. Others are: alms, butter, castle, chalk, candle, mass, noon, pease, pole, post, pound, &c.

Piers, Pies, a Christian and sur- name, Pierce, Pearce, and Peace, formerly common in this district and derived, with others, probably from the Normans who settled about here after the Conquest. [ME. Pigrs (e.g. Piers Plowman, Piers Gaveston); Fr. Pierre, a stone, rock ; also = Pefer, the Christian name.] Pierson, Pearson (both pronounced alike), common local surnames = the son or descendant of one Cp. Perkin or Parkin = Pieréiz- a diminutive form of Pier(s). piert, ad7., pert, saucy. [ME. pert; OFr. appert.] pies, pes (older form), peace, quiet- ness. [ME.pais; OFr. pais.] Cp. the Easter ' pace-egg'. piet, peat, a kind of moorland turf used for fuel, &c. [Origin uncer- tain.] pig (1), a sharp-pointed bit of wood used in the game of £Zp-cat, locally called ' pig and stick '. [prob. ME.

Hudderspeld Dialect

pikter

pike; OF. pic, a point, pike, pointed stick ; cp. W. pig, point.] pig (2), a pig-the animal. [ME. Pigge.] , 20, piggin, a lading can ; originally a small wooden vessel. [Cp. Gael. pigean, a pitcher, jar; W. picyn- both borrowed from English.] pig-koit, pig-oil, i. e. pig-cote, pig- meaning pig-sty. pik (1), w.v5., to pick or pull up or out, gather. [ME. Picken, to pick, peck. Cp. ON. to pick, peck; and OE. picax, to peck.] pik (2), to push, pitch; to throw ; vomit. [ME. piccZex, to throw ; origin obscure (N.E.D.).] E. g. (1) Boy running home crying : ' Muther! John Willy 'z mi deen e porpes, en' ortn mi leg." (2) Mother to husband; ' Tha'll za te fech t' dokter, lad. T' chauld 'z bin (vomiting) en' porjin (purging) ol t' moernin.' pik, in weaving, a throw or push of the shuttle from one side to the other; hence a thread across the warp in cloth. pikkin-oil, the opening in a barn or stable wall, through which the hay could be iZ or pushed into the hay-loft. pik, pauk, a pike, a hill-top or crest.

[OE. pic, a point, pike, &c. See pauk (3).] Fik-Stil ; see Pauk Staul. Piklez, Pickles, meadows, small

crofts or fields; a place-name rather frequent in the W. Riding, written also Pic/Zes and Pightels. [Origin doubtful ; but prob. con- nected with Pirgle, with same meaning, from OE. Pizz, a pen, enclosure. The derivation from ' pig-hills', where pigs run about, is almost certainly wrong.] pikter, a picture. Note, A number of modern English words ending in -/#re, which are all derived through the French from Latin, have that suffix in the dialect regularly pronounced as e.g. #ergr (nature),

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; &u =

84

Page 115

pill

Jurniter (furniture), fieter (feature), paster (pasture), &c. pill, w.v5., to peel, to take off the skin. [OFr. $e/, skin (from Lat.) ; Fr. pe/er, to remove the skin. Con- fused with Fr. pi//Zer, to plunder (Skt.).] pillinz, the 'peelings', the peeled skins of vegetables and fruit. pin, w.v5., to enclose cattle, sheep, &c., in a pen or fold. [OE. $yxdan, to enclose, shut in.] pinder, pinner (older form), the keeper of a pinfold, who impounds stray cattle, &c. pinfoud, a pinfold. [See foud.] A few pinfolds are still to be found in country-side villages ; but they are seldom, if ever, used now. pinni, short for pinafore. [OE. pinzx + aforan, in front.] pip, pept, w.vo., to peep ; spy. [ME. pipen ; OFr. piper.] pisen, piesen, w.v5., to piecen, to join two ends of a thing into one piece. [ME. Pece, Piece; piece, a portion, The English verbal suffix -ex, denoting 'to make', is added.] pisener, pisner, and piesner, a piecener, now shortened mistaken- ly to ' piecer'; one who piecens the broken ends of woollen or cotton arn. Piul, or Pule, Hill, a hill to the south of Marsden at the head of Colne Valley. [OE. $#/, and $57 (cp. W. pwl!l); both mean a pool, a marsh-dry in summer, sodden with water in winter, such as would exist on the local moors around before they were drained by reser- voirs.] See Poul Muer ; also note that pix/ is the pronunciation of pool in S.E. Lancashire, which borders on Marsden. piutl, w.v6., to whimper, cry. See peutl. piv, w.vd., to vex, annoy, &c. peiv. pled, plod, a plaid, blanket, cover- ing. Now especially signifies the rectangular lines or markings in

See

Hudderspeld Dialect

plén

certain patterns of cloth. [Gael. & Ir. plaide, a blanket ; allied to peallaid, a sheepskin.] plat (1), a pleat or fold, a plait. [ME. plait; OFr. pleit, plet, a fold.] plset (2), a plat or plot, a small piece of land. [OE. Plat, plot, a piece of ground.] Also a family and place-name, e.g. Platt(s) ; Marsh Platt, Burnt Platt, &c. plat (3), w.v5., to plat, beat, with a flat instrument. [OE. p/zxf/fax, to beat, &c.] E.g. 'Au Pisfted th' greend levil wi' e sped ple, w.vo., to play. [OE. P$legan, plegian, to play, frolic.] Note. The word is used in the dialect only in special phrases, as te plé triuend, tq plé trouil = to 'run away' from school (seetriuend, trouil); and in more modern connexions, as 70 play on any musical instrument. plee, plu, pleu, a plough. See plu. pleg, w.v5., to plague, trouble, tease, interfere; to make fun of,. [ME. plage ; OFr. plage, plague, a blow, injury.] E.g. A boy will approach a group of other boys playing a game, and say mischievously : ' If au keen't lek en ol, au'st' $/Zg'; or ' Au'st' other lek er $/ég !' pléegi, ad}., plaguy, troublesome, teasing. E.g. an elderly person will say : 'Eh, au keen't rid (read) se wil nee, mi in 'z (my eyes are) gettin thet pleid, plied, p.5. pleided, plieded, and pled, w.v6., to plead, beg. [ME. pleden; OFr. plaider, to plead, argue.] plein, w.v6., to plain, complain; to tell tales about, inform upon. [ME. pleynen; OFr. plaindre, to \ament, complain.] E.g. (1) 'U'z olis kummin inte yar ees, en' P/Zeizniz ebeet er botherz ; er els u pZeizz on er neberz.' (2) ' Th' méster wodn't x' non (wouldn't have known), if tha zdn't p/eind on mi.' plén, plein (older form), a77;., plain, clear ; flat, open, exposed to the weather. [ME. Fr. plain, flat, &c.]

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = e+u; ig, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o+ u; ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

Page 116

pléster

pléster, a plaster. [ME. p/astre; OFr. Alaister. (Lat.)] plied, w.v6., to plead. See pleid. pliez, plez (older form), w.vd., to please. [ME. ; OFr. Alesir.] plit (1), plight, condition, state. [ME. plite; OFt. plite (fem.), state, con- dition.] E.g. ' Au wer thet dun up, et au nivver felt 1' sich e p/i efuer.' plit (2), pledge, wager; promise. [OE. p/iht, a pledge.] plit, w.v5., to plight, pledge. E.g. 'Thae'z plited thi word, en' the mun stik to it.' plod, a plaid. See pled. plog, a plug, a piece of wood as a peg. [Du. $/zg, a peg, bung.] plonk, to hit hard and full, to bang. [prob. an imitative word ; or may be a variant of plank; ME. planke ; NFr. planke,a fiat board.] E.g. 'Joss plonkt e soverin on t' teble wi' e swagger en' sheeted : " Au'll stand triet fer ol 1' t' reem (for all in the room) ".' plonker, a large marble used by boys to 'plonk' the smaller marbles away. plu, a plough. See plee. [ME. plouh; ON. plogr; Swed. plog, a plough. The OE. word for plough was si/k.] pluk, the heart (and entrails) pulled out of a dead animal ; hence cour- age, 'pluck'. [OE. Alwccian, to snatch, pull.] pobbiz, pobz, a child's soft food. [prob. corrupted form of Lat. pad#- food.] pod (1), w.v6., to prod, poke. [Origin obscure (N.E.D.).] pod (2), w.v5., to plod, to walk quietly and steadily on. [Same as pmd.] poit, w.vo., to push, thrust, poke with the limbs (E.). [prob. a variant of put (which see). OE. poian, to push, thrust, put.] E.g. 'Th chauld 'z vaerri féverish ; it poits it kluez (clothes) off on (off from) it, ez fest ez au il (cover) it up.' poiz, w.v6., to poise, kick with the feet-a common way of fighting

Hudderspeld Dialect

Pomfrit

among boys even yet. [ME. Zos- sen OFr. poulser, pousser, to push. (W.W.D.)] E. g. Story of a boys' fight in mid- Victorian days:; * Nuch (Noah) Poizd mi on t' shinz first, su au Poizsad im bak, en' then wi set tu, en' zd e regiler poisin- maech. *Wich on yq wan?" 'Oh, au ped im reit inuf. Tha siz au'd thikker tlog-soilz on ner i zd, wi' ob-néelz (hob-nails) i' bueth tuez ; en' au ad im saxttled 1' tuethri minnits.' pok (p/izr. poks or pox), a pock, a small pustule or blister in the skin caused by disease. [OE. Porc, a pustule ; allied to OE. pocca, a bag. See puek (1).] pok-markt, marked by the small cavities of small-pox. polt, w.v6., to mend, to patch up any article (E.). [Scand.; cp. Swed. palta, a rag.] pom (1), a palm-tree. [ME. palm, paume; OE. palm; from Lat. palma, palm-tree.] Pom-Sundi, Palm-Sunday.

In northern England branches of the sallow (i.e. willow) tree were used, in the absence of the proper palm, to celebrate this church festival; hence the yellow flowers of the sallow, usually in bud on Palm-Sunday, are still called

pom (2), the palm of the hand. [The pronunciation of both pa/z»: (1) and palm (2) has come through ME. paume (OFr. paume), which has both meanings.] Pomfrit = Pontefract, famous alike for its 'Pomfrit made of liquorice, and for its Norman Castle. The name, pronounced both ways, is also a rather frequent family- name in this district, the derivation of which is very probably connected in some way with the old town. [The name Pontefract (= broken bridge), according to J. H. Turner in his ' Yorkshire Place-names ', is prob- ably a Norman, not a Yorkshire, name introduced after the Norman settlement in these parts from some place in

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate; e, pen; e, her ; i, see; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; su = &+ u;

86

Page 117

pomp

Normandy. - Hence its local name Pomfrit, from the NFr. nasal pro- nunciation ' Paung-fret '.] Note, The lands around Almondbury, Huddersfield, - Morley, - Wakefield, Pontefract, &c., were amongst the very extensive territories in the W. Riding, East Anglia, and East Midlands which William the Conqueror bestowed upon the Norman 7Z/bert de Zacy in feudal right, and which remained in the hands of his descendants (direct and indirect) for many generations. The chief seat of the Lacy family was Pontefract Castle. This historical fact probably explains both the numerous word's of French origin in our local dialects, and also the, approximately, French pronunciation of those words still in common use hereabouts. pomp, prime, best period ; full glory, splendour. [Fr. pompe, splendour.] E.g. (1) °T' méster wer reit in iz Pomp et forty, wen i wer livin et th' Ol (the Hall)? (2) ' Yar lzed simd feer in iz pomp (prime) just efuer i zd th' féver (fever) en' did (died). pompi, the local name for a prison ; a jail. [Origin uncertain.] E.g. 'Thae'll get put 1' pomp? yet, if the duzn't maund.' pond, a pond, enclosed water. [ME. pond ; OEF. pund, an enclosure, a ' pound '. See peend (2).] While the word is OE., the peculiar local pronunciation of it is very prob- ably due to the influence of the former Norman-French occupants of this dis- trict. pop (1), ginger-beer. [prob. a name imitative of the sound made when a bottle of the famous home-made liquid was uncorked.] pop (2), w.vo., to push in or out quickly ; to take by surprise; to pawn or pledge. [Of imitative origin.] E.g. A thief 'caught in the act' confessed : 'Au'm feer popt on, this taum.' pop-shop, a pawn-shop, where articles are ' popped ' for a while ; hence a room littered with all kinds of odds and ends is often

Huddersfield Dialect

potter

described as being ' war ner e pop- shop'. Poppi, a child's name for a horse. See oppi. popple, people ; an old pronuncia- tion of the word which, when a lad, I often heard old folks use. [ME. people, poeple; OFr. pueple, from Lat. porj (purge), porpes (purpose), por- ple (purple), pors (purse), are all words of Latin origin through French, in which the prefix pur- is locally pronounced Pp»-, not per-. _ porrij, porridge. [prob. another form of ME. and OFr. pottage. (Skt.)] The word is usually treated locally as a P/wural word, e.g. ¢ Wier 'z mau porri}?' 'Oh, the'r (they are) in th' possnit; reik em eet fer thisén.' poss, w.v6., to push, to push down. [ME. Ppossen, pussen, from OFr. pousser, pulser, to push, thrust.] E. g. children poss a ball about ; in washing the clothes are Poss? into a tub or pan with a possez, i.e. a thick stick with rounded end. Cp. pauz, and poizg. possit, a drink of hot milk mixed with beer and treacle, so that it is curdled. [ME. possy?, ale and milk mixed (from Fr.).] possit, w.v5., to vomit curdled, in- digestible milk from a child's stomach. possnit, an iron saucepan having small projections underneath for feet; used also as a porridge-pan. [ME. posnet ; OFr. pogonet.] E. g. ¢ Matt wer sue fritnd wol iz in (eyes) stuk eet en (out of) iz yed lauk possnit fit? pot, a pot of any kind ; also a helmet, hence the head ; also the usual name for ordinary china-ware. [OE. port.] potter, w.v6., to stir about ; to walk about feebly ; locally, to stir up the fire with a poker, to poke out the ashes, &c. [A frequentative form of pote or put, which see.] E..g.

ege, pear; ei, reign; qu = e+ u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; o1, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

87

Page 118

potti

' Potter t' faur e bit wi' t' faur-point, er els it'll gu eet.' pogtif (1), adj., out of one's head, silly, aft. potti (2), an old name for Poffery or crockery. poul (1), pou (1), poll, the head. [ME. pol; ODu. polle, the head. (Skt.)] poul, w.v5., to cut or clip the hair. ' To get powuld' = to get one's hair cut. poul (2), pou (2), a pole, long stick, stake. [ME. pole ; OE. pal. (Lat.)] a pole-cat, a kind of weasel, formerly found in this district. .It has the power of emitting a foul smell when pursued. [ME. po/cat ; poli- from Fr. poule, a hen, because the pole-cat slays capons. (Skt.)] Mother to t smelly' child; ®*Wier'z; tg bin ruitin egien? stinks war ner e pou-kxt? Poul Muer, Pole Moor in Scam- monden, SW. of Huddersfield. [OE. p07, pul, a pool, marsh + mor, moor, heath. Thus Pole Moor = Pool or Marsh Moor, the moorland around the marsh.] See Piul Hill. pous, pees, a puss, a cat ; thence applied to a saucy, or disobedient girl-never to a boy. 'Thee a mother will exclaim angrily to such a girl. [P#zss is probably an imitative word from the ' of a cat. (Skt.)] prebbl, prevyl, a quarrel, squable (E.). [Origin uncertain.] proenk, w.v5., to prank, to step or walk jauntily, to prance ; to adorn, to show off. [ME. pramkex, to trim, and praxcex, to prance ; cp. MDu. Ppromken, to display one's dress.] E.g. Aunt meeting young Ue'z proenkt thiup se faun te-deé? Au ardli niu thir thi niu frok en' zet! Au'st x' te bilauk te gi thi e opni, lass.' press, w.vo., to press, squeeze. [ME. pressen ; Fr. presser. (Lat.)] press, a press or clothes-chest. [prob. not from the verb but

Huddersfield Dialect

prikkl

a corruption of ME. prest, ready ; OFr. prest.] priatli, adv., carefully, gently, softly. [OE. proetlice.] E.g. ' Gu proetii, er els thae'll waekkn t' baebbi.' protti, adj., pretty. [ME. prati, from OE. przetig, crafty ; hence clever ; adorned, pretty.] E.g. 'Pretty Flowers', a well-known local song and chorus commonly called 'The Holmfirth Anthem '. praud, pride. [ME. pride; OE. pryte, pride.] praul, a set of three of one sort or kind-as cards, children, horses, &c. [prob. a contraction of Fr. pair-royal, i.e. a pair, with an extra one added. (E.)] E.g. ironically said by a woman to three well-known village characters or oddities, happening together in the 'town-gate': 'Yqo'r three bonni nuts, yo xr; yo men (make) e reit naus pra@#/, fit fer e sheu (show- booth) et Honley Fiest (Fair).' praus, price, cost. [ME. pris ; OFr. pris.] preed, ad;., proud. [ME. priuf, prud ; OE. priit, proud.] preel, to prowl. [ME. pro/ien, to search after.] preich, préch (older form), to preach. [ME. Prechen ; - OFr. precher. (Lat.)] preichment, préechment, a preach- ing, 'a good talking to'. E.g. 'T' méster gev mi e regler ment, 'cos au were bit lxt.. See dument, &c. prethi, prithee = I pray thee. preye, preyg, I pray you. priest, a priest. [ME. prees?; OE. préost, priost; contracted from Lat. presbyter, a priest.] priet, prét, to prate, talk much. [ME. $raten ; Scand.; cp. OIcel. Prata; Dan. prate, to prate.] prik, a prick, point; hence a spur, goad, &c. [OE. pricca, point, &c.] prikk]l, a little point, as a thorn. prikkl, w.v5., to prickle, sting ; to tingle, itch, burn.

& as a in glad ; a, far; au, form

b

e, mate ; e, pen; e, her; 1, see;

i, bit; 6, note; 0, not ; 9, oi; u, brute ; u, put ; mu = &+u;

88

Page 119

priuin

priuin, a prune, dried plum. prune. (Lat.)] prod, w.vd., to prick, to poke with anything pointed, goad. [prob. same as brod, which see.] proddl, w.v6., to prod frequently, to stir about. prog (1), w.vo., to goad, probe ; prod. [prob. ME. prokien, to stimulate.] prog (2), food, provisions. [Collo- quial. provven, provn, pari/.ad;., proved, tested. (1) aezn't prov- ven yet wether thae'r reit 1° thi yed r not." (2) ' Au'v t' petéets ?potatoes) wi' e fork, en' they inuf yet." pruey, pruy, p.7. pruvd, p.p. provn, w.vb., to prove, test. [OE. pr0/an, to test, try. (Lat.)] puech (1), puerch, a porch. porche. (Lat.)] puech (2), pouch, w.v5., to poach, to intrude into preserved land. [ME. pocker.] puek (1), a poke, bag. [ME. poZe; ON. poki, a bag ; cp. OE. pocca, a bag.] puek (2), w.v5., to poke, push, thrust. [ME. poken, pukken.] puek (3), puerk, pork. [Fr. porc. (Lat.)]

pueni, a pony. [OFr. powlenet, a little colt. (Lat.)] puep, the pope. [OE. pipa. (Lat.)] puerch, porch. See puech (1). puerk, pork. See pugek (3). puerli, pueli, poorly, the usual word for ill or sick. [ME. poswre; OFr. poore, poor. (Lat.)] E.g. (1) 'Ee er te led ?' 'Eh, au'm nobbet Pwer/? te-deé.' (2) "® Mi fzether'z prer/i 1 bed, su au'm guin te run ewe thre t' skuil te-de.' puest, a post, a stake set in the ground. [OE. post. (Lat.)] puezi, a posy-a single flower. [Short for Poesy, lit., a little poem in verse, esp. an 'emblem' on a ring, &c. ME. $oesie, from Grk. through Lat. and Fr.] E.g. said of a noted drinker, dressed up for his daughter's wedding : ' Th' oud

[Fr.

[Fr.

Hudderspeld Dialect

puther

stik 's feer spzenkin te-dé ; i'z gettn ¢ pugzt in iz butten-oil, en' enuther on iz nuez.' puil, a pool. [OE. $i##/, pool, marsh.] See Piul Hill, and Poul Muer. puilpit, puipit, pupit, a pulpit. [OFr. puilpite, a platform. (Lat.)] puim, a poem. [MFr. poéme. (Grk. through Lat.)] puint, a point. poinct. (Lat.)] puinter, a pointer. puizen, puizn, poison. (Lat.)] pull, w.v6., to pull, draw, stretch, pluck. [ME. pw#//; OE. pu/llian, to pull.] pulling, pullings, fat pulled or drawn from the intestines of slaughtered animals. pullen, pullin, also pullendri, domestic fowls of all kinds (E.). [ME. plur. ; OFr. a hen, fowl.] pullit, a pullet, young fowl. pulete ; ONFr. polete.] pulpit, pupit, a pulpit. See puil- pit. pultis, puiltis, poutis, a poultice, plaster. [MFr. p#/Zce. (Lat.)] pummil, a pommel, a knob, a round

[ME. Point; OFr.

[Fr. poison.

[ME.

lump, hence a saddle-top. [ME. pomel, a boss, knob ; pomel.]

pummil, w.v5., to beat, thrash with the #sis-which are like pump, a thinly soled shoe, used especially for running, &c. [* So called because used for pomp or ornament ' (Skt.).] pund, a pound by weight. peend (1). put, p. ¢. put, p.p. put, puttn, w.v6., to put, set, place. [ME. OE. potfian, to push, thrust, put.] E. g. an oft-told tale of a school- boy, who, criticizing another boy's ' composition ', said : ° 51 yq (see you), i'z Ppuitz " put" wier i out (ought) te put " putin"? puther, a muddle, trembling, con- fusion. [prob. a frequentative of

See

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; @/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

$280

89

N

Page 120

Raebbl

put.] E.g. ' Au'm sue put ebeet wi' wat i sed tu mi, till au fil ol ev e puther (all of a muddle).

Note. For words corresponding to modern English words with Q see under Kw.

R, r

Rasbbl, reyvil, w.v6., to ravel, fray out, untwist ; to entangle, twist together, confuse. See ravvil. rsbbl, reyvil, a rabble or ravel ; a tangle, confusion. E.g. au'v gettn mi ul (wool) ol in e zwed6Z (rsevuvil), en' au'st a' te raebdl it ol eet egien nee.' rsech, w.v5., to stretch, extend, draw out. [Cp. Du. rackex, to stretch, and see rgk (1); also N.E.D. under raick. Also connote ME. rasken, yaxen, raxlen, to stretch.] E.g. (1) ° Mi brichez' ni (knee) ez bin rsc/t wi nilin wol it's brussn.' (2) 'Wi'd ardli inuf kek (bread) fer sug big e tie-parti, bet wi med it rxc/ eet, wol it did (= sufficed).' recher, a 'stretcher', i.e. a tale that ' stretches ' the truth. E.g. 'John Henry tells sue monni xxe¢kgrz, wol yo keen't tell wen te biliv im.' rsddl, ruddl, a xed powder used for marking cattle and sheep. [OE. root *rud, red ; and OE. r2ad, red.] reff, refuse, odds and ends, a jumbled heapof rubbish ; gamblers, a set of 'loose' men. [ME. ra/, rafie; OFrt. raffe, riff-raff, rafie, a game of dice.] E.g. (I) * Let's tlien th' ees forst e ol t' x»/7 (or (2) Anxious mother: ' Au'm fled yar Tom 'z gettn eget e guin wi' e lot e +x/7; i kips xxin mi fer braess.' reggld, ad;., tattered, in rags. [ME. ragge, a rag prob. from OE. raggig, rough, shaggy.] r&k (1), rek, a rack ; properly any- thing stretched out or straight ; a rail, grating, shelf, framework. E.g.

Dialect

rep

hay-rack, - hat-rack, plate-rack. [prob. MDu. racZex, to stretch.] rek (2), rek, guidance, measure- ment. [prob. OE. gerec, guidance, rule; OE. reccan, to lead, guide, direct.] - E.g. 'If the woddgnt depend olis on t' 2 2? fhum wen the beks en' kuks, thi kek (bread) thingz 9d (would) bi nierer olis elauk, en' guid et that." rgk e 't 'thum, i.e. guldance or measurement of the thumb, guess- work. (3), the neck, as of mutton, &c. [OE. Arsecca, the neck.] E. g. ' Au reit lauk ¢ bxtg muttn eet ¢' t' it's sue swit en' testi.' rglli-ri, a rally-ree, a merry party, a jovial spree. [prob. from Fr. rallier, to re-unite, re-assemble ; and rire, vis, laughter, mirth.] E.g. ° E tuethri on ez (a few of us), went on e jont yusterdi, en' wi'd e regiler rae//z-ri.' remmi, ac7., strong-smelling, rank. [ON. ram», strong, fetid.] remp, w.vo., to ramp, leap, dance about. See romp. rseng, reng (older form), (1), adj., wrong, bad. [Late OE. wrang, wrong, from ON. vrarg», wrong, perverse. (Skt.)] E.g. 'That 'z grouin e en, au'm fled (= growing into a wrong, or bad, one, I'in afraid). reng (2), p.4., rang, ring (1). reng (3), p.4., wrang, or wrung. See ring (2). ronk (sometimes); rank, strong ; forward, bold. [ME. rené; OE. mne,proud strong, rebelhous] E.g. 'Eh led! thae'r nout bet e rsenk bed en; tha'll kum te nue guid." rep, w.vo., to snatch, seize hurriedly. [ME. rapen, to hasten ; Scand.; cp. O Icel. 2rapa, kreppa, to hasten, seize, &c.] Now chiefly found locally in the old quasi-legal phrase: 'to rsp en' ri' (or ' rei'), which in the Colne Valley is also ' to +xp en' rein.' See ri, rein.

sounded. See

& as a in glad ; a, far ; i, bit ;

au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her; 6, note; 0, not ; o, oil ; u, brute ; u, put; su = &+ u;

90

1, see ;

Page 121

resh

resh, a rasher, slice-as of ham or bacon. [Scand.] réessl, riesl, w.vo., to wrestle. [OE. wrzestlian, wrastlian.] rmettn, a rat, large or small. [ME. ratoun, rat ; OFr. raton, small rat.] rseyvil, rebbl, w.v6., to ravel, fray out, untwist; also to twist together, to get into confusion. [MDu. ravelen, to tangle, ravel ; but cp. OE. drafan, to unravel. (Skt.).] réezzle, w.vo., to go on the spree, to rush about, have a good time. [A . modern word (N.E.D.).] - E.g. ' Au'd e reit guid taum e Setterdi et nit; au went on t' rsezs/l the noz.' raud, red, rued, p.p., riddn, str.vb., to ride. [OE. ridan.] Raudin (1), a Riding, lit, a third part (cp. fardin, fourth part). Thus Yorkshire has Ridings, not four. [OE. ridding, a third part.] Raudin (2), a riding, i.e., prob., a road made in private land for the owners to take riding exercise. Park Riding, a local district on the S.W. side of Castle Hill. This was so named, as being that part of the local estates of the Norman De Lacies which was re- served as a park, or, more probably, as being the portion reserved for a private riding-road and for pleasure grounds. raul, roil, ruil (older forms), w.v., to rile; to disturb, annoy, vex, ruffle, upset. [Of French origin; prob. OFr. soeillier, rofllter, rooilier, to roll, flow, revolve, move

about vigorously (N.E.D.) ; to give .

one a beating (Skt.). roul

See roil,

I have not heard the forms soil, ruil (to annoy, disturb) much since boy- hood, and then in such sayings as : (1) <Thae'z ruild iz fetherz for im' = ruffled his feathers, upset him. (2) ' Duen't roi? (or rail) fugk wen the't taurd.' (3) ' Aai! (roi?) t' brush ebeet 1' sum waetter, en' it'll suin tlien (clean) it.. (4) 'Au wer muer roi/d (zau/d)

Hudderspeld Dialect

reend

wi' waxt i sed, ner au laukt on (than I cared for).' I don't remember having heard yaw/d often as a boy, though of late years it has become the usual form. raum, aum, rime, hoar-frost ; also a damp, clinging mist, prob. from the latter's likeness to hoar-frost as it lies on one's clothes or the ground. [OE. hoar-frost.] See aum. raumi, a77}., damp, misty. raup, ad}., ripe, ready for gathering. [OE. ripe.] raut, p.4. ret, ruet, p. p. rittn, siz. vo. to write. [OE. writan.] rauy, rev, rueyv, p.p. rivyn, str.vb., to rive, tear. [Scand., cp. Icel. rifa, to tear.] Our dialect does not know the word Zeaz. rauz, p./. rez, ruez, pp. rizzn, str.vb., to rise, get up. [OE. risan, to rise.] rebbil, a rebel-a term much used by parents to wayward children, and often half ironically. [ME. rebel, Fr. rebelle, rebellious.] E.g. (1) ' Thee little »xe20057! au'll smaxk thi if the duzn't giv up.' (2)-said by a fond mother to a laughing Kum te thi mazmmi then ; thae'rt e reit reboi? ; tha srt that !' rebbit, revvit, a rivet. [Fr. rivef, from Scand. ; cp. Icel. xi/a, to tack together, fasten.] red (rode), rak (reached), rat (wrote), rev (rove), rez (rose), are all pas/ tenses of the verbs raud, reik, raut, rauy, rauz respectively. redster, a bird-the redstart. [OE. read, red + steort, a tail, = red-tail.] rege, rou, a row, uproar. [prob. Scand., short for rowse, drinking- bout.] reem, rum, room, space; place, stead ; a room or chamber. [OE. riim.] E.g. (1) 'Let's gue inte t' tuther reem; ther 'z muer rin: thier." (2) 'Wi'n chozzn thi te gue 1' t' rgem (place) e Ted, 'kos 1'z puerli.' reemi, rumi, ad}., roomy, spacious. reend, rond (obsolete form), round. [ME. rowzxa@e; OFr. roind, round. (Lat.)]

ee, pear; ei, reign; eu = e+ u; ie, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl , tl for cl.

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Page 122

reer

reer, ad}., rare; fine, splendid. [Fr. rare. (Lat.)]} (1) 'This te (tea) 'z reer en' guid, let's v e sup muer, (2) 'That dob (pony) 'z e reer en fer trottin. Wat's te went for it ? ' reest, rust. [OE. redness, rust.] reesti, ad}., rusty ; ill-tempered. reevi, ad7., dissipated; rough-look- ing, unkempt, dishevelled, ' [prob. connected with OE. rough, shaggy, hairy.] E.g. ' Mau felli (husband) rékt eet vaerri lat yusternit, en' i luks this moernin.' reez (1), w.vo., to rouse, stir. [ME. rusen, to rush out; Scand.; cp. Swed. rusa, to rush ; OTIcel. r#ska, to shake ; also cp. OE. ArZosazx, to rush, fall.] ' reez (2), a rouse, spree, drinking bout. See ruiz (2). Ref, Ralph, a Christian name formerly common. reik (1), #.4 rek, p.p. rokkn, sir.v6., to reach, stretch out, extend. Scand.; cp. Icel. rekja, to reach ; also OE. to reach, &c.] E. g. (1) ' Did te reik thet pan off ¢ t shelf?' 'Ah, au'v rokks it deen long sin.' (2) 'It reiés thre ier (from here) reit te t' duer-oil (door- reik (2), w.vo., to retch or vomit. [OE. 2r_xcan, to clear the throat, hawk, spit; cp. ON. ZrsZija, to spit]. reik (3), rék, w.vo., to rake out, wander. See rék (2). rein (1), w.v0., to seize, handle, strike; or to rend, tear ; now only occurring in the phrase 'te rep en' rein'-which may be either a mis- pronunciation of 'rep en' reivw' or the local variation of 'to rap and See rmp. [Either OE.. Arinan, to touch, strike; or OE. rendan, to cut, tear; or see ri.] E.g. 'Them suert e fuek (gipsies) 'll slip off wi' out (with anything) they ken rzep en' reis (or ref, or rein (2), a rein, kidney-generally in

Dialect

rekkiti

plur.: reinz ; loins, the small of the back. [OFr. kidneys (Lat.).] rein (3), a strip or portion of land. [ME. rain; ON. rein, a strip of land.] T' Reinz, The Reins, at Honley ; the strips of flat meadow-land on the right bank of the R. Holme below Newtown. reit, older rit, ad;., right, proper, correct; as adv., very, quite. [OE. rikht.} - E.g. (1) as adj: 'The sern't reit (rit) i' thi yed te tok lauk that.' (2) as adv; 'Them por- ridge ez bin rei? feer (very, very) guid.' - For emphasis, adverbially, reit is in very common use. - So are Seer (quite), reit feer (very, very). reiv, riev, w.vo., to reave, rob, plunder. See riev. reiver. See riever. rek (1), p.4., reached. See reik. rek (2), reik, w.vo., to wander or roam about, to rake out, stay out late at night. [ON. reika, to wander.] E.g. Stern father to erring son: (If the reiés (r24ks) eet egien sue lat, thae'll faund th' duer lokt. The mud ez suin (might as well) stop eet ol t' nit.' reék (3), a rake, an implement to collect litter, &c., together. [OE. raca, a rake; cp. ON. reka, a rake, shovel.] rekkn, w.v6., to reckon, especially in the sense of to think, consider; also to pretend. [ME. rekemen ; OE. (ge)-recenian, to explain, nar- rate.] E.g. (1) 'Au reZkZkn (con- sider) au no better ner thi.' (2) 'U rekknz (says, thinks) u no: (knows), bet u duzn't.' (3) wien't peil mi (won't beat me) fether, will yo? Au wer nobbet reknin(pretending) te tak sum kek.' rekkiti, ad}., rickety, wobbling ; properly-afflicted with 'rekkits ' or rickets, a disease in children and young animals which makes them feeble in walking. [AicZets, a word formed from ME. w»zk¥en, to twist, wrest (Skt.).]

& as a in glad ; &a, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen; e, her ; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; £u = &+ u;

g2

Page 123

reklin

reklin, a wreckling. Properly-the smallest, or youngest, and weakest of a litter of animals or a family of children. [Of uncertain origin ; perh. OE. wrecca, wrxcca, an outcast, exile, + Z/xg, a dimin. suffix.] ré-11, adv., (last syll. accented), really. [OFr. reédl, real + ly.] E.g. (1) ¢ Au 72-/i keen't du onni muer wark ; au'm te taurd.' (2) Elderly woman, ' bumped ' by a passer-by : ' mun ! wier te guin te nee ?' render, w.v5., to reduce fatty flesh to lard by boiling. [Fr. rexaire, to give back, yield, cause to change.] reng, ad}., older form of rmeng (1), which see. resp, rmesp (later form), a rasp or broad file. [ME. rasper ; OFr. rasper, to scrape; cp. ON. rispa, to rasp, scrape. réther, (th= Z2), adv. rather, sooner. [OE. Arathe, soon, quickly, com- par. Arathor, sooner.] rettikiul, reticule, a bag of netted string, much used a generation or two ago for carrying small parcels. [Fr. reticule, a net for the hair. (Lat.)] __ reu, w.vo., to rue, regret. [OE. Aréowan, to tue.] rev, p.6., tore, rove. See rauv. revvit, a rivet. See rebbit. rez, p.¢., rose up, arose. See rausz. ribbin, ribbon. [ME. x£dazx ; OFr. riban, a ribbon.] rid, ried (older form), 2.2. red, w.v5., to read. [ME. reden ; OE. rzdan, to read. riddl, a large sieve for separating corn, or gravel. [OE. Aridder, hriddle, a fan, sieve.] riek, reek, smoke. See rik. riep, w.vo., to reap, gather in. [ME. repen ; OF. ripan, later form ye- opian, riopian, to reap, cut.] rieper, a reaper. [OE. ripere, rio- pere.] rier, w.vo., to rear, raise up. [OE. r®ran, to rear.] rigrin, a rearing-supper, formerly given to the workmen engaged on

Hudderspeld Dialect

rimin

a large building, to celebrate the roofing-in. riest, w.vo., to rest, lie down; to remain still, usually of a horse which stops and refuses to go farther. [OE. rzestan, restan, to rest,remain, from #xsf, reost, rest, quiet; cp. Fr. rester, to remain.] riester, a horse which refuses to move. riesti, ad}., stubborn. [cp. Fr. resfif, stubborn.] riev, reiv, w.v5., to reave, rob, plunder. [OE. »2a/far, to rob; cp. xr2af, spoil, plunder.] riever, reiver, a robber. ries, riz, to reeze, become rancid. [OE. Azgosel, old fat.] riezi, ad}., reezy, rancid. riezn, older réezn, reason. [ME. resoun ; OFr. reison. (Lat.)] rift, to belch wind from the stomach. [ME. xz/f¥ez; cp. ON. repta, rypta, to belch ; or connected with OE. 27//, the stomach.] rig, the back of a man or beast; a ridge. [OE. Aryceg, the back.] E. g. ° Wat's te luk se dlumpi for ? The luks ez if the wer uggin (carrying) ol t' trubblesz e' t' world on thi riggin, the ridge of a roof. rig-tr1, a ridge-tree, the highest beam in the frame of a roof, [OE. £r2ow, tree, piece of wood.] rik, riek, reek, smoke, vapour. [ME. reke; OK. reac, rec, smoke; cp. OIcel. reyZr, smoke.] rik, riek, to reek, smoke. [OE. r2ocan ; cp. Olcel. ril, riel, a reel, a frame on which things can be spread out, e. g. briga@- ril, tugz-ril, &c. [ME. rele; OE. rimer, riemer, one who makes boisterous fun or who makes one exclaim ; also an extremely fine fellow. [prob. OE. Arfeman, Ary- man, to cry out, shout, exult; and hréam, din, clamour. Cp. OlIcel. remja, rymja, to cry.] rimin, riemin, extremely funny; wonderful, or fine. E.g. 'Tha

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = e+u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

93

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rimpl

tells sum »>Zw»zz telz, lad, bet au'm nuen bun te biliv 'em, the noz.' rimpl, rumpl, w.v5., to crumple, crease, wrinkle. [OE. Arympel, a wrinkle; Arympan, Arimpan, to wrinkle.] ring (1), $.4. rmeng, p.p. rung, str.vo., to ring a bell. [OE. Aringan, to clash, ring.] ring (2), $.1. reng, p. p. rung, str.vo.,

to wring, twist, strain. [OE. wringan, to press, wring.] rinnil, a runnel, small stream. [OE.

rinnnellé, a brook.] rinsh (1), a wrench, twist, strain. [ME. wrenche ; OE. wrenc, a twist ; fraud, deceit.] rinsh (2), rings, w.v5., to rinse, swill. [OFr. raincer ; cp. Olcel. kreinsa.] rip (1), w.vd., to rip, tear open, slit. [Origin uncertain ; cp. Fries. to tear.] rip (2), w.vo., to rip, rob; seize, plunder birds' nests. [ME. xyppez, to seize; OE. ?rypan, rigpan, to spoil, plunder.] E.g. 'Au fxn (found) e dunnek nest yusterdi, en' wen au went te dé sumdi ed »Zp7 it.' rip (3), a term of contempt applied to both old men and old horses. E. g. ' Ivveri ors i zz ez nout bet e oud t' sem ez 1 iz.' rit (1), adj., right, correct. See reit. rit (2), a wright, a worker, as in wil-rit (wheel-wright), kart-rit (cart-wright), &c.-names which are also surnames. [OE. wyrA7a, or wryAta, a worker.] river, a reever, any man or animal in poor condition (E.). [The same word as reiver or riever,-a rob- ber, especially a Scottish moss- trooper or northern borderer who lived chiefly by plundering the northern counties, sometimes get- ting as far south as the W. Riding. Both men and horses were generally gaunt and ill-looking.] See riev, riever. riz, ries, w.v0., to reeze or rease, become rancid. See riez. rizzem, ruzzem (older form, rare now), a risom or little bit, a very

Huddersfield Dialect

roid

small portion, a grain or particle of anything. [Scand. origin ; cp. Dan. dialect, r#sme, a stalk ; Swed. dial. resma, ear of corn.] E.g. boy at dinner-table: * Gi mi e bit muer meit fxther, will Father: ' Not e riszen muer will te get te de ; tha 'z xd inuf en' plenty.' ro (1), ad}., raw, bare, uncooked. [ME. raw ; prob. ON. Arar; cp. OE. Aréaw.] ro (2), a row, line. raw.) rodni, a ' rodney '-anything becom- ing outworn, especially a human being or a horse. I have not, how- ever, heard the word for years now. It used to be commonly used in the sense of rip (3) (q. v.), as in the following : 'Au'll tell thi wat! Th'oud man luks e lot war elietli (lately). I 'z gettin inte e oud rodni? [Origin uncertain.] Roggin-stuen, or Rocking-stone, the name of a large stone formerly standing on the hill side at the top end of Scape-Goat Hill, and facing S.W. [ME. rokken, ruggen, to rock, totter; Scand. ; cp. ON. r#gga, to rock ; Dan.

It and the soil surrounding its base had been so much weathered by the wet winds, that it could be easily rocked to and fro. It has now used, it is said, to build a house with. Many other stones still stand on the same slope, but have not yet become so much weathered as to ' rock '.

roich, a roach, a small river-fish. [ME. rocke; prob. from OE. reokhe, a small fish.] roid (1), ad;., rough, harsh ; turbu- lent (E.). [ME. roid; Fr. roide, rough.] roid (2), or royd, a clearing in a wood or a shrub-covered district. [ON. r7othr, a clearing of trees, &c.]

The word is a very frequent compo- nent part of both place-names and sur- names in the S. W. Riding. Zoce/ examples of (1) Place-names are: Boothroyd, Bumroyd, Dohbroyd, Doe- royd, Highroyd, Hudroyd, Jackroyd,

[ME. rowe, OE.

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; a, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see ; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u = &+ u;

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roil

Kidroyd, Netheroyd, Pitroyd, Royd- house, Southroyd, Wheatroyd, Wood- royd, &e.; (2) of Sur-names: Ack- royd and Akeroyd (OE. dc, oak), Boothroyd, Holroyd and Holdroyd, Oldroyd, Learoyd, Murgatroyd, &c. Note that the place-names are all, or nearly all, farms and their surroundings.

roil; roul, ruil, w.v6., to roll, re- voive; tumble about. [ME. to roll, from OFr. xo//ler, rouwler, to roll (N.E.D.); but cp. OF. roeillier, roillier, rooilier, to roll, flow, revolve, &c.; and see raul.] (1) 'Roil (or roul) thet tub deen te t' well, en' fill it wi' wactter.' (2) *T bol (ball) fell on te t' fluer, en' roild (rowld) inte thiet oil (hole).' (3) 'Muther, mi opni (halfpenny) 'z roi/d under th' press; gi mi enuther, wien't yq? ' Yar childer 'z lauk duks, the(y) laukn te r#il 1' t' waetter.' roist, rost, ruest, w.v6., to roast. See rost. rok, ruek, a mark, line, a roak ; a streak of dirt, a dirty mark; a ridge, or crease in cloth. [Origin doubt- ful (N.E.D.) ; prob. Scand.; cp. OIcel. 27zxAka,fold, crease, wrinkle.] E.g. (1) 'The wern't of wesht ; tha 'z e ol reend thi chin.' (2) Th' paper 'z gettn sum #0%s (= marks, usually dirty ones) ol ovver it.' (3) ' This tlueth (cloth) wants praessin, te te (take) them rughs eet. rokkn, #.p., reached. See reik. romp, remp, w.v6., to romp, climb ; hence to leap, dance about. [Fr. ramper, to creep, run, climb.] ron}, renj (later form), a range, a set of fire-fixtures ; a hob by the fire. [Fr. rangée, a range, row, ranger, to range, array.] ront, w.vo., to rant, rage, make a noise. [MDu. rasxadfex, to be en- raged.] Ronter, a Ranter, a nick-name ap- plied formerly to the Primitive Methodists. ronti-poul, a ranty-pole, a see-saw.

rops, intestines, the smaller bowels |

H udderspeld Dialect

I

ruem of animals. [OE. xroppas (plur.), bowels.] rost, roist, ruest (later form), w.v5., to roast. [ME. rosten; OFr. rosfir, to roast.] rot, ruet, w.7w5., to rote, roar, bellow like a donkey ; also to cry, or wail loudly. [prob. Scand.; cp. ON. rauta, to roar ; also cp. OE. reéotan, to weep, wail, and OE. 2x##i/an, to roar, bellow.] E.g. (1) 'Au'v bin arknin te t' bress-baend te nit, en' they ol dun vaerri feer bet yond trombuen (trombone) chep; i duzn't A/Zay iz peert, i just it. (2) To a bellowing boy that has stumbled over a stone : 'Prethi old thi din, men'! Duen't mek that noiz: the noz it's et rots |} rot, to rot, decay. Mostly used in .$. rottn. [prob. ON. rotinn, rotten.] rou (1), w.vd., to row with oars. [ME. rowen ; OE. rowan, to row.] rou (2), ree, a row, uproar. See ree. roul, roil, ruil, w.v5., to roll ; tumble about. See raul, roil. roulin-pin, roilin-pin, a rolling pin, for rolling dough into cakes, &c. rozzin, resin. [ME. recym, recine ; MFr. resine.] ruddek, the robin. robin 'red-breast '.] ruddl, a red powder. See rgeddl. rugbuk, a roebuck, kind of deer,--a word now only found locally as a rather frequent surname, Roe-

[OE. rudduc,

buck. [OE. xa, roe + bwcca, buc, a buck.] rued (1), réd, p./, rode. See raud, rued (2), a road, way. [OE. rad,

road.] rueg, a rogue, cheat. [Fr. The word is often used, like ' rebbil', ironically of children. ruek, a streak, crease, dark line. See rok. ruem, w.v6., to roam, wander about. [ME. romen, lit. to go to Rome; coined from OFr. romier, a pilgrim to Rome (Skt.).]

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = e +u ; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cel.

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ruep

ruep, a rope, cord. [OE. »2$, rope.] rueper, a inaker of ropes, now found only as a surname-Roper. ruer, w.v6., to roar, cry aloud. [ME. roren; OFE. rarian, to bellow.] ruest, roist, w.v5., to roast. See rost. ruet (1), w.vo., to rote, roar, bellow. See rot. ruet (2), routine, repetition. Bi ruet, by heart, by rote. [OFr. a route, beaten track.] ruey (1), #.¢., rove, tore. See rauy. ruey (2), to rove, roam, wander about ; hence to rob. [Scand. ; cp. OIcel. to wander.] ruever, a rover, wanderer, robber.

rues (1), A./., rose, got up. See rauz. rugez (2), a rose, flower. [OE. Lat. r0sa.] ruf, ruef, a roof, cover. [OE. /ri#/.]

Not much used until modern times; thoek was the usual word. ruff, ad}., rough, shaggy; harsh. [ME. rough, ruff ; OE. rith, rough, hairy.] ruffiner, a ruffian, a rough-looking fellow. [OFr. a bully.] ruid (1), a rood, fourth part of an acre ; properly a rod or stick ; also a cross. [ME. rood, rod; OK.. rod, a pole, or rod ; a cross.] ruid (2), a rood, loft, top-loft ; pro- perly a gallery or loft over the entrance to the choir of a church, in front of which a cross or crucifix was placed. ruil, w.v5., to roll, &c. roil, roul. ruist, a roost or perch for fowls. [ME. roost; OE. Arost, a perch; properly the inside wood work of a roof.] ruist, w.v5., to go to roost. ruit (1), a root, lowest part of a plant. [ME. zote; Scand.; ON. ¥0¢; Swed. rot ; cp. OE. wyrt, a plant.] ruit (2), w.vd., to root up, to grub out. [OE. wriofar, to grub up. (Skt.)] ruiz (1), w.vo6., to praise; to oneself, to boast. [Scand.; ON. Arosa, to praise.] E.g. ' Au keen't

See raul,

Huddersfield Dialect

Rush-bearing

ebaud (bear) thet chap; i 'z olis ruizin iz-sen (praising himself)" ruiz (2), reez, w.v5., to have a drink- ing bout, carouse, to go 'on the spree". [Scand.; cp. Swed. r#s; Dan. »exs, drunkenness. - Prob. allied to ruiz (1).] E.g. said by a local temperance speaker : ' Mi fxether »#izd iz-sen te t' dieth (drank himself to death); en' that's wau "teetotle". Muer-ovver (nodding his head shrewdly), yq ol non au'm nuen beet e bit e breess, nother." ruk (1), a fold, crease, wrinkle. [Scand., ON. a crease.] ruk (2), a ruck, heap, pile. [Scand. ; cp. Norw. r#é¥a, a heap.] rukkl (1), w.vo., to crease, crumple, become wrinkled. [zx#¥ (1) + instr. ell. E.g. ' Thi koit-back ez gettn ol rwukk/ld sum-ee. rukkl (2), ruttl, a noise in the throat or the stomach. [Scand. ; cp. ON. 2zyg/a, a ruckle.] Ruli, Rowley, a hamlet near Lepton; also a surname. [prob. ME. rox + lete; OE. ruk, rough + leak, a meadow.] rium, reem, a room, space.. See reem. rum, @c@7., funny, queer, odd. [A gypsy word (Skt.).] rum-stik, a funny, queer fellow. See stik. rummil, w.v5., to tumble things about. [ME. rzm:blen, to rumble ; roll ; MDu. rumpl, w.vo., to crease, wrinkle, ruffle. See rimpl. run, p.4 rn, p.p. run, str.vd., to run. [ME. rinnen, OE. rinnan.] rung, p.p., wrung. See ring (2). runnil, a small stream. See rinnil. runt, w.v6., to grub or root up with the nose, like a pig. [Origin un- certain ; but cp. O Icel. »#x7, a hog.] Rush-bearing, an annual practice and festival connected with the parish churches of most villages in former times. On the eve of the Saint to whom the church was dedicated it was the custom

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; i, see ; i, bit ; 6, note; 0, not ; o, oil ; u, brute ; u, put; su =

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of the parishioners, with great cere- mony and festivity, to draw a rush- cart loaded with rushes and various offerings through the 'town' to the church, and there to strew the rushes over the floors-then nothing but hard earth. The day came to be observed as a general festival; and thus origi- nated our modern village and town 'Feasts'. At Almondbury the day is still called 'Rush-bearing' or ' Rush ', but, of course, the rush-cart and atten- dant ceremony have been long defunct.

rust, the ankle; the instep of the foot. Not much used now. [prob. ON. vist, the instep; cp. OE. the wrist, locally called the 'shackle'.] E.g. Proud father of healthy child as he bares the latter's ankle to a friend : ' Si thi, John ; iz s ommest ez thik ez mau shekk1.' ruttl, w.vo., to make a rumbling noise in the throat or stomach. See rukkl.

S, 8

S', s', the shortest form of shall (which see). Usually, if not al- ways, found after personal pronouns when nominatives. E.g. 'Au s' gue wi yo, fxether, te-moern?' 'Ah, yq s' bueth on yo gue, led. Wi s' ol raud 1' t' tren (train). smd, adj., sad, serious, depressed ; said of bread that is 'heavy' or solid; with ironical meaning- bright, merry, mischievous. [OE. sed, sated, full, weary; cp. ON. saddr.] Mother, to her boy who has made her laugh heartily : 'Eh, led! bet the ser e szed en.' ssdden, w.vo5., to make solid or heavy by pressure or shaking. ssed-kék, a flat, fatty cake made of unleavened dough mixed with lard. smdli, adv., sadly, badly, ill; very much, greatly, far. E.g. (1) 'Au 'm nobbet filin szed/Z te de.' (2) 'Thae 'z sed szed/? te mich dlreddi.' sgeddl, sgettl, seddl (older form), a

Hudderspeld Dialect

szennet

saddle, seat, e.g. /mnug-szeddl (sedd!), or long-settle, a long seat with high back, usually ranged beside, and at right-angles to, the fireplace. [OE. sadol, setl, seat, bench.] sgft, adj., older form of soft ; simple, foolish; of weather-damp and mild, drizzling. [OE. 50/¥e, séffe, soft, mild.] ssefti, softi, a foolish peson, a simple- ton. smg, w.v5., to sag, droop, sink down. [ME. saggen.] s&kker, to pretend to be, or seem, innocent (E.). [Perh. con- nected with OE. secax, to strive, contend, defend one's right.] ssmk-liss, ad;., harmless, peaceful, innocent. [OE. sac-Zeas.] ssel, contracted to s'l (unemphatic), shall. [OE. scee/, I shall, must.] E.g. * Mun au gu wi' ye, fether?' 'The ssl that, lsd; en' the s*Z raud 1 t' tren (train) en' ol." sglleri (1), celery. [Fr. céeri.]

sselleri (2), salary, stipend. [Fr. salaire. (Lat.)] sgellit, a sallet or salad. [ME. sa/-

let; Fr. salade.] sglle, smlli, a sallow, older name for a willow-tree. [OE. seal, willow.] Sselli Wud, Sally Wood, near Shep- ley - prob. originally a wood planted with willows. smsm, w.v5., to gather; to take up, grasp. [OE. sammian, to gather.] E. g. (1) 'Szen thi legs up, en' let e boddi pass thi.' (2) ' Let's old on im (take hold of him), en' lift im eet e bed ¢ bit." ssmmer-up, one who lives on what he can pick up. ssmmi, a dull, foolish, half-witted person. [Cp. ME. and OE. prefix sam-, sem-, bad, weak, semi-, or half-, as in sa@»:-wis, foolish, half- witted.] ssenk, the five at cards. five.] ssenk-foil, a five-leaved plant. cing + feuille, a leaf.] , ssennet, shsnnet, sheent, variant forms of ' shall not'.

[Fr. cing, [Fr.

eg, pear ; ei, reign; eu = ig, pier; iu, few ; 0g, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

$280

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sent

sent, ad}., saint, holy. The usual (older) pronunciation of saints' names, as Szxzt Thomas, Szent Mary, etc. But ' S&®x-/imm?' (ac- cent on first word) is the old name of St. James's Church, Slaith- waite; and Sazex-/immist, the feast or fair of St. James, at Slaithwaite. [M. seint, holy ; Fr. saint. (Lat.)] sep, w.vo., to mop up. See sop. sgettl (1), w.vd., to settle ; fix, agree, reconcile. [ME. OE. szAt- lian, to reconcile; cp. ON. saeAt, reconciliation.] E.g. (1) * Wen oud Jue did (died), iz childer wer ebin e yer 1 szeiff/iin ther frmechinz ebeet iz braess.' (2) *En yq ssi/f/d yet ee mich au av te pe (pay) yq ?' s&ettl (2), w.vd., to take a seat ; hence, to sink down-as dregs, &c. [ME. setien, OE. setlan, to take a seat, settle, fix.] E.g. (1) 'Ausseff/d misen deen i' th' eerm-chier, en' au suin fell eslip.' (2) (nay) mun, let th' tig (tea) saef?Z e bit efuer tha timz it eet.' sgettl, a seat, settle or long bench. See smddl. settlings or dregs at the bottom of liquids. seyver, savour, taste. [OFr. Used also as a vo., e. g. ' Au'v nue seppitaut, dokter ; au duen't szyv- vgr mi fuid e bit." ssexten, sexton or sacristan. sacristain, vestry-keeper.] sark, a shirt, shift. [OE. syrce, serce, a shirt; cp. ON. serkér.] Obso- lescent. s&rpent, a serpent. (Lat.)] sary, to serve. [ME. serven (pronounced sarvex), from wir. (Lat.)] servant; and sarvis, ser- vice.

[MFr.

[Fr. serpent.

Note. The ME. pronunciation of -er, when followed by another consonant, was -dr. This pronunciation our dialect has retained, as seen in the above four words, and in many others-sarjent (sergeant), sarmen (sermon), sartin (certain), desary, presary ; also clark

Hudderspeld Dialect

sauzin (clerk),

Darby (Derby), &e., &c.

parson,

sau, to sigh. See sauk (1). saud, side. [OE. sice, side.] saud-bau, acv., on one side, aside (E.). saud, w.v5., to put on one side, put away, as-'te saud th' tebl',= to put away the articles happening to be on the table after a meal. sauk (1), w.vo., to sigh. [OE. sican, to sigh.] sauk (2), w.v5., to sink down, fall (water). [ON. siga, sika, to sink, fall; cp. OE. sigax, to sink, and sic, a watercourse.] E.g."T' waetter sauks thru them rocks, en' kumz eet inte that dauk thier." sauk, a syke, gutter, small stream ; a marshy bottom into which water sinks. From this comes the com- mon local surname Sykes ; also the place name SyZ¥e Boffom. [ON. sik, a gutter, or OE. sic, a water- course.] saul, w.vo., to sile, strain, filter; hence to drip fast, to stream. [ME. silen; Scand., cp. Norw. and Swed. sila, to drain; Icel. sig; also OE. siZax, to filter.] E.g. ' It feer savn/z wi' ren (rain).' saul, a sile, sieve, strainer. [Swed. and Norw. siZ.] To siZe a liquid is to put it through a sieve. saulem, an asylum, especially a lunatic asylum. [Lat. asy/zzm.] saun, a sign. [OFr. saup, w.v6., to sipe, ooze, drip; to drain the last drops. [Cp. OE. sipian, to sap, soak, moisten.] E. g. (1) ' Th' kettle runz (leaks); drops e watter 'z sazupin eet e' t' bothem.' (2) ' Saup ol t' (sediment) eet efuer tha fillz it egien.' sauz, size, magnitude. [Short for OFr. assise; see (2) next word.] sauzez, the assizes or sittings of judges. [OFr. assise, (1) an as- sembly of judges ; (2) a tax, a fixed amount.] sauzin, sizing, a weak glue.

[Ital. siza, glue.]

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see; 1, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u = &+ u ;

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se

se, p./. sqd, w.vo., to say, speak. [ME. seggen; OE. secgan, to say.] seddl, a saddle. See sgddl. see (1), seu (1), siu (1), a sow, female pig. [ME. sowe; OE. sugu, si, a sow.] seo (2), seer, siu (2), a sewer, drain. OFr. sewiere, a sluice, channel.] See shuger ; sqr-oil. seek (1), older form of sozg#*, a drain. See suff. seek (2), w.vo., to suck; to soak. See suk (1), sugk. seqnd (1), ad., sound, solid. sund, sound, healthy.] seend (2), sound, noise. [ME. souz ; Er. son, a sound. (Lat.)] seer (1), ad7., sour. [OE. siir, sour.] seer (2), a sewer. See see (2). sees, w.v5., to souse, soak, steep in brine or water; hence to plunge

[OE.

something into any liquid. [OFr. soucié, pickle. (Skt.)] seeth, ac7., south. [OE. s#/Z.]

seev, older form of sov, salve, oint- ment. [OE. seaZf.] seg, so (later form), a saw, a cutting instrument. [ME. sowe ; OE. sagu, a saw, a cutter; cp. OlIcel. 50g, Swed. sag.] seg, p.. segd, w.vo., to saw, cut. [Scan. ; cp. ON. saga, to saw, cut.] See so (2). seginz, sawings, sawdust. E. g. A simple-minded old retainer at a local works was always known amongst his fellow-workers by the nick- name of 'Oud Sosidz' (saw-seeds). He was once taking two London friends of the proprietor around the works, when one of the visitors asked him how certain 'finished' articles were packed to secure them from breakage. 'Oh, they pxkn em 1° séginz', was the reply. ¢ And what are " seginz" pray ?' The old man had never known them by another name, but not to seem non- plussed, he smartly answered : ' Wau the'r sosids lauk-thre t' so-miln, yo non.' seg, sedge, a reed. [OE. seeg, segg.] seik, siek, w.vo., to seek. See sik. seil (1), siel, the direction of the wind, season (E.). See siel (2).

Dialect

set

seil (2), a sail (of ship). [ME. seil; OE. segl; ON. segi.] seim (1), siem, lard. [OE. seime, fat, from OFr. saiz, lard.] seim (2), »«». adj., seven. [OK. seofon.] Cp. eim, eleim, um. seis, seiz, zum. adj., six. (Obsolete.) [OE. siz, seox.] seispins, sixpence. sek, a sack, bag. ON. sekkr, a sack.]

sekkin, sacking, coarse canvas.

[OE. sze; cp.

sekki, zu». adj., second; used mostly in children's games. Cp. forri, thordi, &c. sekrit, siekrit, a secret. [ME.

secree ; OFT. secrel.)} sell, seld, soud, w.vd., to sell. [OE, sellan, syllan, to give, deliver, hand over ; cp. OIcel. seZja.) sellien, sillien, a ridge or furrow (E.). [OFr. a furrow.] sein, sen, pron., self; plur. selves. [OE. self, sy/f; plur. selfan, sylfan.] Note. The following contracted forms are used as compound reflexive pro- nouns :-1st fer., mi-séln, mi-sén ; p/ur. uz-séln, uz-sén, uszséns (our- selves). 2#@ per., thi-séln, thi-sén ; plur. yer-séln, yer-sén, yer-sénz (yourselves). pers., his-séln, his- sén (masc.); her-séln, her-sén (fem.) ; it-s§éln, it-sén (meut.) ; plur. for all 3 genders-ther-séln, ther-sén, ther-sénz (themselves).

selvinz, shilvinz, the frame of wooden rails put on top of a hay- cart to carry larger loads. (E.) [prob. OE. scy/fe, a shelf.] semd, seemed. See sim. semster, a sempstress, female sewer. [OE. séamestre.] sen (1), self, selves. See sgln. sen (2), Ppres.ipl., say. [Midland Dialect of ME.] send, p.7. sent, w.v5., to send. [OK. sess, w.v5., to assess, value, tax ; also a xown, assessment, tax. [Lat.] sesh, a sash, a case or frame of glass. [Fr. chassis, a frame of wood.] set, set, p.p. settn, w.v6., to set,

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = e+ u; ie, pier ; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil; ou = o+u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; 2/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

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o Hudderspeld Dialect

place, put. [OE. settan.] E.g. ' Au'll set yo egéterdz e bit' = I'll start you on the road a bit. set-pot, a large iron pot set or fixed in bricks or stones to bail clothes, ' pig-potatoes ', &c. set, ad}., equal, level, or even with- used especially in - competitive games, as in a race to a fixed mark, which if two runners reach at the same time they are set. As a wo., to equal, do as well as a rival. E.g. (1) ' Wi ol t' thri on ez ran; au get te t' puest forst ; en' Jue en' Jim wer sekki, they wer sed" (2) keen't digt thi 1' runnin, bet au ken sef thi.' settl, a long seat. See s&ttl (2). seu (1), siu, a female pig. See see

1). sgqu (2), $.4. seud, seun, to sew, stitch. [OE. séowian, siwian, to sew.] sevent, adj., seventh. [OE. seofotha.] seventint, seventeenth.

Note. 'The older th is frequently substi- tuted in the dialect by ¢. Thus [/oerf/ (fourth), #/7, sixt, .. . tent, . .. thirtint, &c., even forlit (fortieth), Jiffit, sixtit, &c. Also in many other words, as / or A' for the, kit (kith), Askit (Asquith), p/nt (plinth), forp (thorp), &c.

shseffl, w.v5., to walk lazily by push- ing the feet along the ground. [prob. same as shuffl.] shaggld, aa7., shaggy, rough-haired, tumbled up. [prob. OE. sceaga, hair; cp. Olcel. séegg, a shsk (1), p.¢. shugek, p.p. shekkn, vb., to shake. [OE. scacar, to shake.] See shek. shsek (2), a shack, a tumble-down out-building. [prob. a modern word imported from America.] sh&ek (3), a pile of corn-sheaves reared together, a 'shock ' of corn. [ME. scholke.] shsokk1l, the wrist ; ankle (less often). So called from the wrist or ankle being the place where a doma was

shed placed. [OE, sceacul, a fetter, bond.] axx.vo., shall. [OE. sceal, I shall, must.] Shortened or con- tracted forms are-§s&1, 8'l, 8, st, all of which see for examples. shsellek, w.v5., to lounge about, move lazily. See shollek. shsemblez, shambles, originally but- chers' stalls or benches in the old market-places. - [OE. - sceamul, bench, stall. (Lat.)] shsendi, a shandy or light lorry. [prob. from modern Irish sZana@ry- dan or shandry, a one-horse con- veyance.] shsenk, a shank, lower part of the leg, also the leg. [OE. sceanca, the bone of the leg.] E.g.'Szm thi s2zenks up, mun!' said after stumbling over someone's out- spread legs while the latter was seated. shsennet, ssnnet (older form), shall not. See sml. shau, ad;., shy, modest; shunning danger. [OE. sceok, timid.] shaun, 4.7. shen (old form), shuen, p.p. shuen, shon, si7.v6., to shine, glisten. [OE. to shine.] shauv, a shive, a slice of bread, &c.; a splint of wood. [prob. Scand.; cp. Olcel. s¥ifa, a slice.] thum-shauy was a slice of bread with butter spread thickly upon it with the thumb. she, sho, shue (oldest form), a shaw, thicket, wood, a shady place. [OK. scaga, a thicket ; cp. Olcel. skogr, a wood.] See sho.

The word mostly occurs now in sur- names-Shaw, Earnshaw, Cockshaw, Kershaw, and in place-names-Butter- shaw, Shaw Top, BG-shay, Shay- wood, &c.

shed (1), a shade, shadow ; a shed, cover. [OE. sceadu,scéd, a shadow.] E. g. wud-shed = a wooden shed ; kee-shed = cow-shed. shed (2), shied, shed, a parting, division, opening. [OE. sceddan, scadan, to separate, divide.]

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her; i, i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; o, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; au = &+ u;

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Page 131

sheen't

sheen't, shan't, shall not. See sgl. sheer, a shower. [OE. sci#z, later sceor, a shower.] sheet, w.v5., to shout, call out. [ME. shouten; cp. ON. skiuita, skuti, a taunt.] sheg, shsg, a share, portion. If one boy finds something, and another thereupon cries ' sé¥egs' (or shaxegs), the latter can claim a share of what is found. jeg, which see.] shek, ./. shuek, pp. shmekkn, s/7.v6., to shake, rouse. See sh&mk (1). shel, w.v5., to shale or turn out the feet in walking, to open out. [prob. related to OE. scy/an, to distinguish, separate, divide; cp. ON. sk,a@/gr, oblique, awry.] shem, w.v5., to shame, especially with the meaning of ' to be shy ' or ' shamefaced '. [OE. sceamian, sca- mian, to shame from shame, modesty.] E.g. (1) 'Gu inte t' rim, mun ; ther 'z nubdi in te bi shema on' (= to be shy of). (2) 'This chauld feer séhemz to speik te onniboddi.' shen, older shone. See shaun. E.g. 'Iz in (eyes) feer sk2n wi' temper, i wer sue maeddend.' shep, shuep (older form), shept, w.vb., to shape, to ' or ' set about' a job rightly. [OE. scieppan, scoeppan, sc¢ppan, to form, create.] Shepley, a village near Huddersfield in the old parish of Kirkburton. [OE. scéap, scep, a sheep +léah, meadow.] shepster, local name of the starling, a bird often seen picking insects, &c., from a sheep's back. [prob. OE. scéap, a sheep + estere, ster, a feminine suffix, which became used for both genders.] sheu, p.7. sheud, p.p. sheun, w.v5., to show. [OE. ge-scedw/an.] shev, p./. shuev, shevd, p.p. shavn, shevd, w.v5., to shave. [OE. sceafan, to shave, scrape.] shief, a sheaf, a bundle of corn. [OE. sceaf.] shier, shuer, sheer, Jp. shuern,

[prob. a variant of

Dialect

shog

str.vb., to shear, cut. OE. sceranx, scieran (later form), to cut, divide.] shierd, a shard, a broken piece of pottery ; lit., anything cut. [OE. sceard, a piece, fragment, division.] The word is now but rarely used, though it survives in the frequent local surname Skeard. shiet, a sheet. [ME. schefe; OE. scéat, sciet, a piece of cloth, &c.] shift, skift (older form), w.vo., to move, remove, change. [ME. schiften , OE. sciftan, to divide; cp. ON. sékipta (pronounced skifta), to part, shift.] shiftliss, skiftliss, ad;., shiftless, helpless ; also too lazy to shift for one's self. shik, sik (2), w.v5., to incite, urge, egg on. [OE. scyhan, later scyhian, scyan, to prompt, urge, incite.] The word is now rarely used except in the expression ' (or si%) in inciting a dog to fight another animal. Also 'i (he) kept sAikkin 'im on te feit'; though in this use ' sligtin ' is oftener found. shill, w.v5., to shell, to separate nuts, peas, theircovering. [OE. scyllan, scylan, to separate, &c.] See shel. shillz, husks, shells, &c. grains of oats separated from their husks. shippen, a stable, cow-house. [OE. seypen, a stall, stable.] Sho, Shaw, a family- and place- name. [prob. this form is Scand.; see she.] E.g. of place-names: Birkenshaw (birches-wood), But- tershaw - (alder-wood), Wilshaw (wyl, a well). shoddi, shoddy, waste material sZeZ off by the machinery in the process of wool manufacturing. Also the fibres obtained by tearing up wool- len goods to be remade into cloth. [prob. from OE. scedd@an, scadan, to part, shed.] shog, w.vo., to walk with a forward movement of the body, to jog on, to 'push on' along a road. [ME. schoggen, to jog, jolt.]

eg, pear; ei, reign ; eu = @+u; ie, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl. 101

Page 132

shol

shol (1), sholle, ad;., shallow, not deep. [ME. sAo/ld, shald, shallow ; OE. sceald, shallow (Skt.) ; cp. ON. skjailgr, oblique, shallow.] shol (2), a shawl, commonly worn over the head and neck like the medieval wimple. [Persian s2@/, shawl, mantle.] shollek, w.v5., to lounge about, move lazily, idle or skulk about. [prob. a variant of sAw/Z¥ ; ME. sku/ken; from Scand., cp. Dan. sku/ke, to skulk, slink.] sholleker, shmlleker, one who 'shuffles' about idly, a lounger, a ' good-for-nothing '. shor, w.v5., to shove, push, along. fprob. a slovenly pronunciation of shove. See shuv.] short, a shirt. [ME. sAirte, sAiirte ; E. seyrte ; from OE. sceort, scort, short.] short, short, curt. [OE. sceort, scort.] shot, a money account scored up ' on trust'. [OE. scof, lit. that which is 'shot' into a common fund ; hence a payment of an account ; a reckoning, a fine.] él-shot, an ale-shot or ' score '. shrauy, p.7. shruev, p.p. shrivyn, str.vb., to shrive, to receive confes- sion and to grant absolution of sins as a priest. Seldom used : chiefly in such old obsolescent sayings as-'Thae'll nier (never) get if thee duz that', or ' Au wop (hope) au me (may) nier bi s¥-ivuz if au du'. These are but relics of the old Catholic days in England, as also is Skzove Tuesday. [OE. scrifan, to shrive, to impose pen- ance.] shreed, a shroud. [OE. shred, shried (older form), a shred, fragment-a piece torn off, [OK. screade.] Shred and Shried, the name of a C. E. chapel in Slaithwaite parish, built 1843 on a narrow strip or shred of land, called by the same name, between two roads on the W. side of Merridale.

Huddersfield Dialect

1

Shuer

shrenk, 5.7., shrank. See shrink. shreu, a shrew, a kind of mole. [OE. scréeawa, a shrew-mouse.] shried. See shred. shriek, shrik, a shriek, scream. See skrauk. Shrigley, a place-name, and also a family-name. [Perh. OE. seric, a thrush + a meadow.] shrinj, a syringe, a squirt. srinj. shrink, shrenk, shrank, #.p. shrunkn, s/z.v5., to shrink, to shrivel up. [OE. serincan.] shrog, serog (older form), a bush ; a group of dwarf or stunted trees. [ME. serog, thin low bushes; Scand., cp. Swed. séroZ/A, anything shrunken.] Also a plot of land covered with ' bush '. Shruey Tiuzdi, Shrove Tuesday, the day before Lent begins; com- monly-and affectionately by the children-called Pancake Tuesday. See shrauvy shu (1), a shoe. shoe.] shuin, shoes, the usual dialect plural. [OE. sceoz, scon, shoes.] shubbenz, shoebands or laces. shu (2), or shu (unemphatic), pers. pron., she. [OE. seo, which was really the fem. of the definite adjective se (m.), seo (f.), thaet (n.) = the.] Note. 'Vhe true OE. fem. pers. pronoun is 260, which, in the forms #, # (un- emph.), is still in wezxzcZk commoner local use than are sA#, s2x. - Easther's statement on this point (p. 117) is quite wrong. .SZ%z is only the more * polite? usage. E.g. 'If aui gue, sez et sA8# wiln't gue.' More usually this would be-'If au gue, # sez et # wien't gue.' shuek, shook. See sh&k (1). shuen, shen, shone. See shaun. shuep, #.5., shaped. See shep. shuer (1), $./., shore, sheared. See shier. Shuer (2), the shore or sewer, Aspley, the low-lying part of Huddersfield

See

[OE. sceo, scoh,

& as & in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see ; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; su = &+ u ;

102

Page 133

shuern

near the R. Colne, where formerly the drains of the upper streets emptied themselves into a common sewer. [OFr. sewiere, a sluice, sewer, or 'shore'.] See see (2). shuern, shorn. See shier. shuey, shaved. See sheyv. shuesz, shuz, or chuez, chuz, to- gether with cheus, chiug, are all dialect variations of the verb cZoose in the expression 'choose i.e. at any rate, anyhow, whatever else, however. E.g. (1) 'Au'm nuen ¢ fuil lauk thi, sZzgz ee (or shuz, chugs, chuz, chiug ee) (2) 'Chiuz ee, we'n (we have) inuff bress te lest till te-moern.' (3) 'Skhuz ee the mxenks (manceuvres) it, it wien't fit in te th' oil (hole).' shuffl, shseffl, w.v6., to put off, de- lay ; also to move with sliding gait. [A frequentative of OE.scié- fan, to push, shove ; cp. ON. s¥#ja, to shove.] Another form of shuffler, one who puts off doing any- thing. E. g. A self-critical village-youth once wrote a ' poem ' to depict the evils of © putting off till tomorrow what should be done to day', with himself as the central illustrative figure. He entitled it ' The Shuffler ', and ventured timidly to ask his schoolmaster for his criti- cism thereon. Having read it, that worthy-a zealous Johnsonian-ad- vised him in effect: to keep to prose, not, at his age, to assume the role either of a pulpiteer or an egotist, not to descend to dialect, but-if he thought worth while to rewrite the entitle it 'The Procrastinator'. The sensitive boy went home, tore up the ' poem ' along with some other 'efforts ', and foolishly kept aloof from all criti- cism for over twenty years.

shuil, shul, a shovel. [OE. scofel, scofl, lit. that which shoves.] shuilder. See shulder. shuin, shoes. See shu (1). shuit, shot, #.p. shot, shottn, w.vb., to shoot; to rush. [OE. sceotan, scotian, to shoot ; cp. ON. ski0ta, to shoot.]

Hudderspeld Dialect

shutt!

shuk, a shock or pile of corn-sheaves. See shmk (3). shul, a shovel. See shuil. shuler, shuiler, a 'shoveler', one who 'sponges' on others; a cadger. shulder, shuilder, shuther, shou- ther, a shoulder, [OE. shummeker, a shoemaker, cobbler. shunt, w.v5., to move or push away ; to get rid of; also to fall down in a heap. [ME. sAunter, to turn aside; Scand. ; cp. Olcel. tospeed, push.] E.g.(1) ' Mi fxther shunted mi off te bed, eet e' t' get (out of the way)" (2) 'That oud wol (wall) 'll bi suin, if it izn't butted up (propped).' shunt, a move off, an exit, disappear- ance. E.g.'Thae'd best du e sAuné bifuer thae'r (caught).' shut, shut, p.p. shuttn, w.v6., to shut, close; to get rid of, lose. [ME. shuiten, to shut ; OE. scyitan, to fasten with a ' or bolt, to shut, from sceofax, to shoot ; transfer, expend.] E.g. 'It's nob- bet fuilz et sZzis ol ther braess ez fest ez they mekn it.' shut, part. ad7., rid of, free from. E. g. ' Thi get s2xut e thet chap; i'z nue guid te thi.' shuttens, shutniss, riddance. An old saying is' it's e guid (shutniss)e bzedrubbish,' on getting rid of any one, or anythirg, causing bother. shutter, w.v5., to fall or slip down, collapse in a heap. E. g. ' Wen they telld er i wer died, u just shuttera deen 81 ev e lump, lauk, on t' fluer.' shuther, shoulder. See shulder. shuther, w.v6., to shudder. [ME. schuderen.] shuttl (1), a weaver's shuttle, so called because sZo¢ to and fro across the threads in the loom. [OE. scit- (a stem of vb. sceotan, to shoot) + e/, instr. suff.] shuttl (2), skuttl, skuttil (older form), a scuttle, skip or shallow basket for carrying coals, vege-

eg, pear; ei, reign ; qu = g+u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar; oi, boil; ou = o + u; ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

103

Page 134

shuttl-buerd

tables, &c. [OE. sewfe/, a platter, vessel ; or ON. (Lat.)] shuttl-buerd, a shuttle-board with which the game of sAi¥/e-cock is played. shuz, chuz. See shuez, cheus. shwich, a switch. See skwich. 81, p.. 80, sid (later form), #.p. sin, sid, si7.v6., to see, look. [OE. séon, to see.] E. g. ' Zz te sin mi fzther, Tom ?' 'E-ahb, au sid im gu deen t' get (road) e bit sin.' sich, ad7., such. [ME. swile, swichk ; OE. swyle = swa + lic, so like.] sie, the sea. [OE. sx.] siged, sid, a seed. [OE. sx, seed.] siek, w.vo., to seek. See sik. siel (1), a seal, stamp. [ME. see?; OFr. seel, a signet ; cp. OE. sigel/, a jewel, brooch, &c. ; and ON. sig/z, a seal.] siel (2), seil, the direction of the wind, season (E.). [OE. s%/, time, season, occasion.] siel (3), a cord, rope, strap. [OE. soel, sal, a cord, rope.] To sigl up cattle, &c., is to fasten thein up with a rope or chain attached to a post. See buiz-siel. siem (1), a seam or load, esp. a horse- load. [OE. séasme, a load, burden.] siem (2), a seam, hem ; a joining ; that which is sewed up. [OK. seam, a seam.] siemer, a sewer, tailor. siemstriss, semster, a seamstress or sempstress. [OE. séamestre+ ess. An example of a douwble-feminine ending, and -ess being both feminine siem (3), seim, lard. See seim (1). siem (4), w.v5., to seem, appear. See sim. sierch, siech, seich, w.vd., to search. [ME. serchen ; OFr. cercher.] siet, a seat. [ON. sa¥fi, a seat; cp. OE.. a camp.] sies, w.vo., to seize, grasp. [ME. seysen, saisen, to take possession ; OFr. saisir, seisir.] siezen, sezen (old form), season. [ME. seson ; OFr. saison, seison.]| sik, siek, seik, sek, sout, sikt,

Hudderspeld Dialect

sind

p.p. sout, sikt, w.vod., to seek, look for. [OE. sécax, to seek; cp. OlIcel. to seek.] sik (1). See shik. sik (2), ad;., sick, but in a mental, seldom if ever in a physical, sense. The latter would be ', ' badly ', -or ' sickly *', if inclined to vomit. [OE. sZorc, sick, ill.] E.g. (1) 'Aw'm sik e si-in chep lollekin ebeet.' (2) ' Au fil vaerri sikii; mi dinner egrid wi mi.' (3) 'A¥Ern't yo se wil, fxther?' * Nou lass, au'm nobbet pugz/z (or bzedii) this moernin.' sil, w.vo., to ceil, to line or plaster the inner roof of a room, or, as it is also called locally, to 'underdraw' it; hence, to partition or divide a room. [ME. ceeler, to ceil off; Fr. ciel, a canopy.] E.g. 'This rum'z nobbet si/@ of thre' t' next; yq ken yer (can hear) thru t' siZiz' (= partition). silli, ad7., foolish, simple, innocent ; also mazy, giddy. [OE. s®/lig, happy, innocent, simple.] E.g. Wen au'd donst (danced) reend t'rum wi' Martha Ann tuethri taumz, au felt ez sil/? ez e buet-ors (as giddy as a boat-horse).' silli-billi, a witless fellow, a simple- ton. is prob. from OE. bilith, an image, pattern, example ; hence the compound will mean a foolish, simple sample, or kind, of a fellow. The word d¢/ZZ by it- self seems not to be in use with the meaning 'fellow ', or ' sillien, a ridge, furrow. See sellien. sim, siem, simd, siemd, semd, w.vb., to seem, look, appear; to beseem, suit. [ME. sexes; OE. seman, to satisfy ; suit.] See bisim. simin-dless, siemin-dls38, a seem- ing-, or looking-glass, mirror. simmitri, a cemetery, burial-ground. [Lat. from Grk.] sin, adv., since. [ME. sithens; OK. sith-than, after that.] sind, w.v5., to sind, rinse, wash out any kitchen utensil. Not so com- monly used as formerly. [Origin

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u = &+ u ;

104

Page 135

sing

obscure ; perh. connected with OE. synder, sunder, separate, <syn- drian,sundrian,to separate, divide, sunder.] E.g. Mother to daughter: 'The mun olis th' pots er (or) th' jugz wi' warm watter bifuer the timz (pours) onni wp7 (hot) waetter in sing, seng, p.p. sung, sir.vo., to sing, resound. [OE. sizgaz, to resound, sing.] E.g. 'That top spins se fest wol it feer sing-glit, a single-breasted waist- coat, as distinguished from the older double-breasted ones, which used to be the common form. [Lat. singulus, single + et, dim. suff.] sinti, ad;., finicky, - supercilious, ' sniffy', showing 'airs'. [prob. from scented or scenty, perfumed, and, ' therefore', of a higher class of society.] ~ I have heard the word used only in the phrases 'a sinxti-miss' (one trying to ape her superiors), and ' a siztz-meiss2s5' (a schoolmistress); both chiefly Colne- valley forms.

sip, smp, se, or sip, sap, say, a 'nominy ' said still by boys when making a whistle of green bark from a twig of the wiggin-tree (mountain-ash). Easther gives the full 'nominy'-' Sip, sap, say; Sip, sap, say ; Lig in a nettle-bed, Wol May day.' Probably it has some connexion with the ancient sacred- ness of the wiggin-tree. See wig-

gin. sit, (1) sight, vision ; (2) something seen, hence a wonder; a lot, a large quantity or number. [OE. gesiht, sikt.] E.g. of (2): ' Ther'z e sit e thingz thier, 'et au nivver sid efuer.' sit, p.4. smt, pp. sittn, sir.vo., to sit. [OE. siftan.] E. g. of its very common reflexive use: 1' that chier, en' rest thi (oz thisen) e bit.' te sit on (accent on oz), to burn to the bottom of a cooking-pan ; said only of milk and milk-com- pounds which have been put on

Hudderspeld Dialect

skzedd!

the fire to boil and temporarily forgotten. Young girl, to her mother 'kallin' on the door-step with her neighbour : ' Muther, kum sharp ! t' boild-milk ez gettn on v t' pan-keen't yo smell it ?? sith (th sieth, $./. sithd, siethd, p.p. sithd, soddn, w.v6., to seethe, stew, boil. [ME. ; OE. séothan.] sod, a worthless fellow, a fool; one sodden with long drinking, hence the phrase 'a drunken sod '. soddn, part.ad}., soaked through with water, drenched. E.g. ' Mi tluez (clothes) ez feer wi' t' ren sitherz (th = dh), scissors. [ME. sisoures ; OFr. cisoires, shears ; cp. OE. sitke, scythe.] si-thi, a common exclamation, and ' introductory ' phrase to a further statement ; = see thou, look thou. E.g. ' Si-ihi, it's nout te du wi' mi, bet if it ed-.' siu, seu, see, a sow, female pig. See see (1). siuer, ac}. sure, certain. seéur ; Lat. sécuirus. sgiverl1, later siuerlau, adv., surely. E. g. ' Au'v bin ier e long taum nee, wetin (waiting) for im ; sizer/f it wien't bi long efuer i kumz ?' siuger, sugar. [Fr. swcre.] siuit, suet. [ME. szet; OFr. dim. suffix ef.] sixpennerth, sixpenneth, sixpeth, sixpenny worth. sixt, sixth. OE. sixta.] sixtit, zuem.ad}., sixtieth. [OE. sizti. gotha.] skseddl, ad;., timid, fearful, easily frightened. [A variant of scaike/, from ON. séaHha, it hurts; cp. Swed. skada, to hurt; and OE. sceathian, to injure, rob.] skmddl, w.v5., to scare, frighten. The word as a verb is fairly com- mon. E.g. zr te fied on nee? Tha'll nuen di this taum ; thae'r te suin sézxdd/led wen thae'r e bit puerli.' The adjective is little

[OFr.

[ME. sixte;

eg, pear; ei, reign; @+u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for g1 ; tl for cl.

3280

105 P

Page 136

ske

in use except in the compounds- skmedl-brenz, a per- son who is easily scared ; one who is always in a state of excited fear. skeeffi, a scaffold. [ME. scafold ; OFr. escafant.] scaffolding. skaeft, a shaft, handle. [ON. séapt (= skaft) ; cp. OE. sceaft, scoeft, a shaft.] skseftin, shafting of machinery, &c. skar (1), w.vo., to scare, frighten. [ME. séerren; from ON. skjarr, timid, shy.] See skier. E.g. 'That summet reng wi' iz narvs (nerves) ; i'z shard tet' dieth ommest, if 1'z left i' t' dark e minnit.' skar (2), a scar, cliff, steep rock. [ME. scarre; ON. sher, skor.} A frequent local place-name, e. g. The Scar, Scar End, Scar Top, &c. skau, the sky, clouds. [ME. s2y, a cloud ; ON. s4y, cloud.] skau-lsent, cc;., askew (E.). skau-péler, sky-parlour, nickname for attic, or topmost room. skeel, w.vb., to scowl. [ME. ; Scand.; cp. Dan. séx/le, to cast down the eyes ; OIcel. skeer, to scour, rub thoroughly, cleanse. [OFr. escowrer.] skegqrin-stuen, a soft stone for scour- ing the stone floors, sills, &c. skeers, skees, skes, ad;., scarce. [ME. scars ; OFr. escars, scanty.] skeersli, skeesli, skesli, scarcely. skell, skeller, w.v0., to warp, twist, as do boards made of partly dried wood. [Ofobscure origin (N.E.D.). Perh. connected with ON. to skew ; but cp. sceo/l in OE. sceo/- eage, squint-eyed.] E.g. ' T' weth- er'z skelid (skellgrd) them plenks sue mich, wol ther nue yius (use) fer this job.! skelp, w.v5., to beat, strike, thrash. [ME. skeipen, to beat, flog.] sken, to look sideways or as- kance, glance; squint; also to look something over, to scan. [prob. allied to the stem of askance; of obscure origin (N.E.D.).]

Huddersfield Dialect

skimp

skertin, skortin, skirting board, plinth round a room. [prob. Scand.; cp. OlIcel. a skirt, lit., the lower part of a garment.] skéth, scathe, harm, injury (now almost obsolete). [ON. séaiki, skaethi, harm.] skeu, w.v5., to look aside at, to ex- amine suspiciously ; to turn aside, avoid ; to throw sideways (at). [ME. skewen, to turn aside; eskiuer ; OFr.eschuer, to turn aside, (1) 'Wenaused that, th' boss mi ovver wi' t' koer- nerz ev iz in.' (2) 'Th' koult wer fresh te t' seddl the siz, en' it skeud et ivvri thing waut (white) it sid.' (3) 'Johnny wer sue med wr im, et i séerd e slate at im. skeu, ac7;., askew, aslant, oblique. skief, skeef, skruff, scurf, ' scaling ' skin. [OE. scwrf, sceorf ; cp. Swed. skorf ; Dan. skurv, scurf.] skiem (1), a scheme, plan. schema. (Gtrk.)] skiem (2), to look over slily, examine ; weigh up, estimate. [Cp. ON. skima,tolook askance.] See skim- mer. E.g. 'Wol i wer tokin te mi, au séieind im ovver wi' t' koer- ner e mi i, lauk ; en' au rekkn i'z e reng en." skier, $.4. skierd, skiert, w.v6., to scare, terrify. See skar. skift, w.vo., to move away, shift. [prob. Scand. ; cp. OlIcel., séipia, (=skifta), to divide, move, change; but see shift.] skill, w.v6., to judge, discern, dis- tinguish. [ME. s45Z, reason, dis- cernment ; ON. s4z7, a distinction : skilja, to separate, distinguish.] E.g. (1) 'Gu te t' duer en' s2i/l t' wether for mi.' (2) ' Tha's séi//2 bueth on em reit inuf; the'r just wat tha sez the(y) »r.' skimmer, w.v5., to peep, spy, look round a corner (E.). [Scand.; cp. OIcel. séima, to look slily at.] See skiem (2). skimp, w.v5., to scamp, to scant, use niggardly orgrudgingly. [Prob.

[Lat.

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate; e, pen ; e, her; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; su =

106

Page 137

skinni

Scand.; cp. ON. séemmma, to make short, skimp.] skinni, ac7., greedy, grasping enough 'to skin a flint'. skin.] skip, a skep, hamper, basket. [OE. scep, sciop, a basket; cp. ON. skeppa.] E. g. (1) koil-skip, a coal- scuttle; (2) Zzgz-skip, a clothes- basket, &c. skitter, skutter, w.vo., to move away quickly ; to hurry over or along. See skutter. skoch, w.v5., to scotch, fasten or block anything-as a wheel-to prevent it slipping or moving. [prob. a variant of scofe, to set a drag on a wheel; cp. Norw. s¥o7/a, a pole, bar (N.E. D.).] skold, skeeld, a skolled or scabby head. [ON. skaZli, a scabbed head (Skt.).] As a boy I used to hear: ' Mau gettn e sékold yed, en' 1 keen't gu te t' skuil wol i'z skoller, w.vo., to reckon up, calcu- late; understand, comprehend ; also to teach. [From ME. sceofler, OE. scoleré, a scholar (Lat. schola, a school).] E.g. ' au keen't séoZl/gr it, but yar James Henry ken; 1'z bin wil séoZ/lerd, the siz (thou seest).' skom, scorn, scoff, sarcasm, chaff; lit., that which causes or gives shame. [OE. sceamxu, scomu,scamu, shame; cp. ON. séomm, shame, &c.] E.g. 'Let's »' nuen e thi skom, bikqos nuen olter mi (change my skop (1), a mark to aim at in games of skill in aiming. Often a broken piece of white pottery is used for the 'skop'. [prob. Ital. scopo, a mark to shoot at in archery, etc. (Grk.).] skop (2), a piece of broken crockery. [Origin doubtful ; perh. from skop {1) above.] E.g.'Yar Mary Ellen 'z lettn 31 t' pots f0l, en' brokkn em inte skopperil, a teetotum, or spinning toy ; hence a harum-scarum, giddy youth. [prob. ON. skopparakrin- gla (Skt.).]

Hudderspeld Dialect

skrimp

Skot, Scot, the usual name formerly for a dapple-grey horse. Cp. the Reeve's ' ful good stot' in Chaucer's Prologue, ' that was al pomely gray, and highte "Scor". [Origin prob. in the fact that such greys were often of Scottish breed ; cp. 'the . Scots Greys ', a well-known cavalry regiment.] skrmff, to struggle, scramble ; quarrel, fight, to have a 'scrap'. [prob. a variant of scrappl, a fre- quentative of scrape; skrem, climbed. See skrim. skrmen, scran, bits of food, food. [ON. skran, refuse.] E.g. 'Au brout mi sérzs wi' mi, su ez au shudn't a' te bau (buy) it.' skrmnni, ad}., scranny, thin, lean. [Scand.; cp. Swed., Norw. séraz, weak, lean.] skrst (1), w.vo., to scratch. [ME. skratten ; Scand.; cp. Swed. kratta, to scrape.] Oud Skrat (2), a common name for the devil. [ME. sératt, an evil monster ; cp. ON. a wizard.] skrsetter, a 'scratcher', a greedy, miserly person. skrauk, skrik, w.v5., to screech, shriek. ON. skrikja, to shriek.] skribbl, w.vo., to give the rsf, rough, carding to wool or cotton preparatory to its final carding. The first section of a carding-ma- chine is called the [prob. a variant of scradol, to scratch or scrape ; cp. Swed. s¥kzradole, to card or scribble.] skriem, w.v5., to scream, cry out loudly. [ME. seremeen ; ON. skrzema, to cry out.] skrim, skrmem, #.p. skrum, str.vb.,to climb. [Originnotfound.] (1) 'That lad skrimz up t speet (spout) lauk e munki.' (2) ' Wen au slet (urged) th' dog »fter im, i sérsem: ovver t wol 1 kwik- stiks.' skrimp, w.v5., to make small, to narrow, to give short allowance. [prob. Scand.; cp. Dan. sérumpe,

ege, pear; ei, reign; eu = ie, pier; iu, tew ; oe, boar; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl. 107

Page 138

skrinj

and Swed. 2xympen, to shrink. See skimp.] skrinj, w.v6., to shrink back in fear or strong emotion. [OE. serizcas, to shrink, wither.] E.g. ' Wen au so t' mueter-car strauk im i' t' bak, au feer skrinjd, si-thi !' skroll, w.vd., to crawl, creep; also to scrawl or scribble in a sprawling way. [ME. scrawler, to crawl; Scand.; cp. Olcel. and Swed. krafia, to crawl, grope. The s in scrawl is excrescent.] E.g. ' Th' chauld 'll suin bi wokin nee, it ken sRr0/l ebeet fluer dlreddi.' skrom, w.v5., to sprawl about, to clamber- as up a wall or tree. ' Au'v e ruez-tri (rose-tree) et's skromin ol ovver th' ees-wol : it's ¢ regiler beuti' [prob. allied to skrim, and skroll.| skruff (1), skruft, skuft, the back part, or nape, of the neck. See skuft. skruff (2), skief, skeef, scurf, scabby skin. See skief. skruffl, a scuffle, scrambling fight; a pushing about. [OE. sciffan, to shove, push +/e, freq. suff, Cp. skrsoffi.] skruill, w.v5., to scrub over lightly and in a scrawling manner. [prob. a variant of skroll.] E.g. ' Ez te skrubd t' fluer ?' 'Well, au nobbet skruild it ovver, lauk, bikqs au wer in e urri.' skrumpl, w.v5., to crumple, crease; to make wrinkled. [A form of krumpl with initial s; ME. pen, to curl up; cp. OE. crump, crooked, bent, twisted.] skrufmish, w.v5., to crunch, crush ; to grind with the teeth, &c. [prob. an imitative word, like skuch, scutch, a local quitch- grass or couch-grass, a wiry weed. [A variant of séwitckh or guitch ; prob. from OE. cowie, living, active ; cwice, couch-grass.] skuft, skuff, skruft, skruff, skuffi, variant forms of one word-all meaning the back part, or nape, of the neck. [Scand.; cp. Olcel.

Hudderspeld Dialect

slizek skopt, (skoft,) hair of head, back of head.] skuil, a school. [OE. sco/z ; Lat. schola.}

skun, skinned ; sometimes found as p.p. of verb to skirn-prob. on the analogy of spin, p.p. of vb. spin. skutter, skitter, w.vo., to scutter, run away quickly, scuttle. [prob. Scand. ; cp. Swed. dial. séx/ifa, to jump.] skuttl, w.v5., to scuttle, to hurry

along. squabby, flabby. [Scand.; cp. Swed. sévabbig, flabby.]

skwaet, w.v5., to squat, sit down. [ME. squatten; OFr. esquatir, to flatten, crush.] E.g. © SZkwaet thi deen 1' thet chier lzd, en rest thisen e bit.' skwaet, ad7., squat, flat. skwich, a switch, slender stick. [MDu. swick.] skwid, skwij, a squid; anything

small; a bit or small piece. [Of obscure origin (N.E.D.).] skwiek, w.v5., to squeak. [Scand.;

cp. Swed. sqvaka, to croak.] skwiel, w.v6., to squeal, cry out shrilly. [Cp. Swed. dial. sgva@/a.] skwiez, skwues, skwiezd, p.p. skwozzn, skwiezd, str.-w.v5., to squeeze, press tightly. [ME.guei- sen; cp. OE. cwiesen, cwysan, to crush.] skwiggl, w.vo., to wiggle, wriggle ; to writhe about like a worm. [See wiggl, of which it is a lengthened form.] skwij, a squidge. See skwid. skwok, w.vo., to squawk or squeak. [See skwiek, of which it is a variant form.] skwues, older $./., squeezed. See skwies. s'l, contracted form of shall. sgel. slmeb, w.vo., to slop over, spill. [ON. slabb, a slop, puddle.] slszed, slied, a slade, plain ; an open valley. [OE. sized, a plain.] slmk, a slack or dip in the surface of

See

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her; 1, see ; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; = 108

Page 139

slzm

land, a shallow valley. [ON. a depression.]

It is a place-name-e. g. Outlane Slack in Scammonden, and Heptonstall Slack, near Hebden Bridge.

slem, w.v5., to slam, bang, make a sudden noise. [Scand.; ON. slzema, to slam ; cp. Norw. siemba, slemma, to bang.] slsem, w.v5., to slam or slur the feet in walking, i. e. to walk slsmmek. See slummek. sleng, p.7., slung. See sling. slenk, p./., See slink. sl&ep (1), w.v6., to slap, smack. [ME. slappe, a smart blow; prob. an imitative word.] sleep, ae@v., slap, plump, direct, with a bang. E.g. 'It xt mi (hit me) sizep v t feés (full in the face). sleep (2), slimpper, w.v5., to slop or spill a liquid. See slop (1), and slimb. [Cp. ON. s/@add, a slop, puddle.] slsep-up, ad;., slap-up, complete; first-rate. E. g. ' Au'v gettn sum wark; en' it's e reit s/izp-#p job en' ol.' slst, slit. See slit. sleyver, slaver, spittle from the mouth ; saliva. [ON. s7/7a/>, spittle.] Slewit, Slaithwaite, a large village in the Colne Valley. [Scand.,

(slaith), - level - ground + HAhwveit (¢hwaite), cleared land (]. H. Turner). Or, ON. slakki, a slope

on the side of a mountain; cp. slack, a hollow on a hill-side (Moor- man).]

Note that the older part of Slaithwaite is built at the dof/om: of the valley, where the ground is mostly flat, on both sides of the river.

slart, sleqrt, w.vo., to splash ; to sprinkle with water, to rain slightly. [Origin uncertain.] slart, a splash of water or mud, a drop. E.g. (1)' Muther! yar Tom 'z slartin miw? watter' (2) ' Let's gu on ; ther 'z nobbet e sZazt er two e ren folin (= a drop or two of rain

Huddersfield Dialect

sliet

falling).' (3) Man, working a hose- pipe, ' splashes' a passing lady and exclaims: (Eh, did au s/ér/? 3p, missis ?' slau, sli (older form), ad;., sly, cun- ning, clever. [ME. sieik, sife; ON. s/Zzegr, cunning, sly.] slaup, w.v5., to slipe, to strip, to

skin, to take away the outer covering. [Of obscure origin (N.E.D.).]

slauper, slipper, a slipper or iron shoe put under a cart-wheel when going down a hill, to check the speed. [A variant of siipper.] slaus, slaush, a slice. [ME. siice ; OFr. esc/ice, a splinter, &c.] slauther, slither, an extra quantity ' slipped in' (E.). Obsolescent. [prob. from OE. s/itZkeax, to slide, move, go.] E.g. 'Two spuinfuls en' e siarither e rum 1' yer te (tea). slauver, sliver (older form), a splinter or thin strip of wood, &c. [ME. sliver, a chip, strip of wood ; OK.. to cleave.] sle, slei, a weaver's slay. [OE. slahse, >slea (Skt.), from sizan, to strike.] sled, a sledge, a wheelless cart, still in common use in the steep fields on the hill-sides around this district. [ME. slede; ON. slethi.] slej, a sledge, a large hammer used by blacksmiths and quarrymen. [OE. sieeg, a heavy hammer, lit., 'a smiter '.] slek, w.vo., to slake, quench ; to damp a fire down. [OE. sZecian, sleccan, to grow slack.] slek, small coal. slep, ad7., slape, slippery. cp. OIcel. sZeipr, slippery.] sleu, sliu, w.v5., to slip or swing sideways. See sgliu. slied. See sled. sliep, slip, ./. slept, w.v5., to sleep. [OE. sizpan, slépan.] sliet, p.7. slieted, slet (older form), p.p., slieted, slettn, slittn, w.v6., to incite, urge on a dog, to cause to bite. [OE. s/i¥fazm, to cause to bite, from OE. siifan, to slit, tear,

eg, pear; ei, reign; equ u; ie, pier; iu, few ; og, boar; oi, boil ; ou = o+u; ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

109

Page 140

Sliev

bite.] E.g. au s/2f th' dog et im, i ren ewe.' sliev, sliv, a sleeve. OE. siiefe.] sling, sleng, p.p. slung, sir.vo., to sling, throw, to hang up. [OE. slingan.] slink, slmenk, p.p. slunk, sir.v6., to slink, creep away. [OE. sizncan, to creep, crawl.] slippi, ed7., slippery. slipor, slippery.] slit, slit, sl&t (older form), $.p., slittn, s¢r.v6., to slit, tear, rend. [MIli slitten; OE,. slitan, to tear, &c. slither (th = dh), w.wo., to slide, glide away, hurry away. [OE. s/z- derian, to slidder, slide; cp. OlIcel. slithr, slippery.] sliu, sleu, w.vo., to slip or swing sideways -as when turning a corner; to skid ; also to throw, cast. [Origin not known (N.E.D.).] sliv, w.v6., to slive, split, cleave (E.). [OE. siifan, to sliver, a sleever, or sliver, a splinter of wood, &c. See slauver. s10, ad7., slow ; dull-witted ; inactive. [OE. slaw, slow.] sloch, w.v6., to slotch, to lick or eat up noisily or greedily. [prob. an imitative word.] E. g. ' Wier 'z thi " manners"? Tha sZockes thi por- ridge up lauk e slog, slug, w.vo., to smite, strike hard ; also to work vigorously. [prob. OE. sZeanx, to strike, smite; oldest form sZakan, p.t. slok, slogon.] E.g. (1) 'Did te thresh im wil (well) ?* 'Ah, au s/ipg@ im ret inuf' (2) 'Au sipged ewe (worked away) et mi wark, en' suin ad it dun.' slokkn, w.v5., to satiate, slake, soak, saturate (E.). [ON. sZoknxa, to be extinguished,quenched,suffocated.] slonder,old form of' slander', scandal. [ME. sclaundre ; OFr. esclandre.] slop (1), slopper, sl&ep (2), slepper, w.vb., to spill a liquid, to make a puddle. [ME. sZoppe, a pool; prob. representing s/oppe, in the

[ME. si2f ;

[OE. slipig,

Huddersfield Dialect

slupper

OE. cii-sloppe, a cowslip, from slupan, to slip (N.E.D.).] See sleep, slmeb. slop-sten, slop-stone, the kitchen ' sink-stone'. slop (2), the leg of a pair of trousers. [ME. sloppe; OE. slop, a loose gown, &c. ; cp. ON. sZoppr, a loose garment.] slor, w.vo., to slur, slide, slip. [Re- lated to LGer. s/z»ra, to drag the feet, shuffle; cp. Du. slexrexn, to drag, trail (N.E.D.).] slqorrin-ors, a slurring-ice, a strip of ice or snow made smooth by chil- dren sliding over it. Ors (= horse) is a variant of the local pronuncia- tion of ' ice '. slub, w.v6., to slub, or draw out and twist, wool in making yarn. [Of obscure origin (N.E.D.).] slubber, one engaged in slubbing yarn for spinning. sluff (1), w.vo., to slough, to strip off-a skin or other covering ; to lose all, 1. e. to be stripped of every- thing, as in gambling. [ME. slughe, skin of a snake.] E.g. ' Au'm s/zf? e' mi bress, au ¢ penni sluff (2), a slough, a miry hole. [OE. sloh, miry ground.] sluff, w.v6., to sink in despair, to feel overcome by circuinstances trans., to disappoint greatly ; to deceive. Lit., to fall into a (1) 'Au felt reit art-s/xft te si im sue puerli' (2) 'Au'v bin sluft (deceived) this taum, wi' that chap." slug, w.v6., to strike hard, to thrash. See slog. sluggin, a beating, punishment. E.g. 'T' skuilméester gev mi e guid sluggin fer runnin ewe (playing truant).' slummek, slsmmek, a slut, sloven ; an awkward, untidy person. {[A shortened form of sZamemakin, of obscure origin (N.E.D.).] slupper, w.vo., to work untidily, to ' slip over' one's work. [prob. Scand.; cp. Dan. sizbore, to be

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen; e, her; 1, see; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u = &+ u;

110

Page 141

slutter

disorderly, to slabber ; also cp. OE. sliepan, to slip; sliupan, to slip away, dissolve.] E.g.'Thae'z nuen wesht thiz thing:; the's nobbet sluppera em ovver. Tha'r e reit slummghk. slutter, to slip down, to fall in a heap. [Scand.; cp. ON. and Norw. s/iz/c, to droop, to be loose.] E.g. ® Au wer uggin (carry- ing) t' dishez on te t' slop-stuen, en' they ol s/zxt/grd on te t' fluer.' smsch, a smatch, a touch, a slight pain. [A softened form of smek (1).] 'This soft wether'z gi'n mi e smizechk e bregentaites (bron- chitis).' smek (1), a taste, flavour. smaecc, taste.] (2), a smack, a cracking blow or slap; a kiss. [prob. of imitative origin; Scand.; cp. Swed. smace, to smack ; Dan. a rap, smack.] smart, smeert, w.v5., to feel pain. [ME. smerten ; OE. smeortan.] smart, smeert, ad;., keen, sharp; brisk, lively ; fine. E. g. (1) ' Yoer e smart (or smeert) led et rekknin (reckoning)! (2) 'The luks reit feer 1" thi niu cluez (clothes).' smaut, p./ smuet, #.p. smittn, sitr.vb., to sinite, strike. [OE. sizz- tan, to smite.]

[OE.

smeelder, smeether, to smoulder. See smulder. smeert. See smart.

smesh, w.v5., to smash, break in pieces. [Formed from mesh. See msesh (1).] smiddi, smithi (usual form), (th = dh), a blacksmith's workshop. [OE. smith-the; cp. ON. smithja.] smigeth, smuith, az;., smooth. [ME. smoothe, sméthe; OE. sméethe.] smittl, contagion, disease-infection. [Cp. OE. smifta, smut, dirt par- ticles.] E.g.'Iz t' maezzlz (measles) smittl, father ?' ' Ah lad, it iz en' ol (indeed).' smittl, w.v6., to infect with disease. E.g. (1) 'John Willie mz t'

Hudderspeld Dialect

duen't gu nier th' ees, er tha'll be smittla wit it!' (2) ' Oud Jue »: t' " money-mékin [ever" the siz; that's wau i'z se mich brass.' ' Eh, au wish i'd smittn, #.p., smitten. See smaut. smok, a smock ; formerly a feminine under-garment, now a masculine overall of linen or cotton. [OE. smoc, a feminine under-garment.] smol, ad;., small, [OE. smmoel!, smala, small.] te sing smol = to sing softly-not loudly. [OE. smalé, softly, not loudly.] - E.g. said of a boastful person: 'I toks reit eet et t' top nee; but r'll bi singin sixol efuer long, thae'll si.'

smuch, smudge, slush. [Scand. ; cp. Dan. sizzds, smut.] smuek, smoke. See smuk.

smuer, to smother, suffocate. [OE. smorian, to stifle, &c.] E.g. 'Au'v bin imzeng t' rubbish 1' t' (garret), en' au fil feer swersercd wi' dust.' smuet, smote. See smaut. smug, ad;., smug, neat, trim ; as #. a neat, tidy room; a name used alternatively with sz#%g, to denote the tap-room of an inn. [prob. Scand.; cp. Dan. Swed. smuck, fine, fair; Swed. smuga, a lurking-hole. - But N.E.D. says origin obscure.] See snug. smuilder. See smulder. smuith. See smieth. smuk, smuek, smoke. [OE. swroca, smoke.] smuk, smugek, w.w5., to smoke. [OE. sméocan, to smoke.] smulder, smuilder, smeelder, smuther, smeether, w.v5., to smoulder, give off smoke ; to burn slowly. [ME. smolder, smoke, smolderen, to stifle with smoke.] snmp, short for ' brandy-snap'-a thin, round, ' snappy ' kind of small cake made largely of treacle, and sold especially at local 'feasts' or fairs. It is now made wifkowu? brandy, whatever it was formerly. [Query-does the word = branxded-

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = e+ u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar; oi, boil ; ou = o ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dlfor g1 ; tl for cl.

III

Page 142

sngevvil

snap, in reference to the little hollowed markings which are always to be seen upon one side of the cake?] snevvil, w.v5., to snuffle, to talk through the nose-formerly com- mon among snuff-takers. [ME. snmuvelen ; from OE. snofl, mucus ; cp. OIcel. szapa, to sniff.] snaufl, w.v5., to fuss over, fawn upon one, to ingratiate oneself, [Con- nected with swivel; ME. smuvelen, to sniffle, whimper ; from Scand. ; cp. Dan. szxive, to sniff.] E. g. 'I (= he) smanfled th' méester en' get (got) sixpins thre' im (from him).. The word is used around Scissett. snaup, ad;., long and tapering, like a snipe's nose. [Cp. ON. s#iga, a snipe, a bird.] E.g. 'I'z (he's) gottn e sxazp nuez; yo ken iezli (easily) tell im (recognize sneerl (1), w.v6., to snarl, to show the teeth like a dog ; to be peevish. [prob. of imitative origin (N.E.D.).] sneerl (2), a snarl, a knot or tangle in cord or string. [prob. a fre- quentative of smxare; OE. smeare, a cord, string, noose.] See snik- snelz. sneet, snout, nose. [ME. szowfe.] snek, a sneck, latch, the catch of a door. [ME. szekke; prob. the name originally applied to the notched part fixed to a door-post, into which the latch drops. Thus the same as snick.] snel, a snail. [OE. sweg?/, cp. ON. a snail.] snell, keen, sharp, peevish (E.). [OE. szel, quick, active.] snéep, w.vo., to snape, snub, chide, correct (E.). [ON. szeypa, to dis- grace.] snert, a suppressed laugh ; a sniggle. [prob. a variant of szorf; ME. snmorten, to snore ; cp. Dan. to snort.] snertl, w.v0., to laugh quietly, to sniggle or snigger. snettl, a snittle, snare; a net or a trap for catching birds, rabbits, &c. [Origin uncertain; prob. a variant

Hudderspeld Dialect

sno

of - snmikkl, a frequentative of smeok.] sniez, w.vd., to sneeze. [ME. snésen ; OE. fnéosan, to sneeze.] See nies. snift, w.vd., to sniff, to draw air up the nose quickly, to scent. [ME. smeuien (snevien); . Scand.; cp. Swed. szy/ta, to sob; Dan. to sniff.) E.g. (1) ' Au'm fled yar Sophia 'z gettn e koud, u kips s#2ffix sue.' (2) 'Wen the siz e dog sniftin t wind wi' iz nuez up, 1'2 been te gue on iz on (own) e bit.' (By 'Th' oud znd '.) w snig (1), w.vo., to snatch, steal ; to draw a tree-trunk away. [Origin obscure.] snig (2), a small snail, a garden-snail. [ME. szmegge; prob. Scand.; cp. a snail.] Not much in use now. snik, to snick or cut. snikka, to cut.] snikkit, snekkit, a snicket, a ' short cut', a narrow passage between houses or walls, saving a way round. snik-snélz, snig-snéelz (less often), snick-snarls, (@) knots, notches, or tangles ; (0) hence sharp or rough parts; 'angles' or 'corners' of one's character. a cut or notch +s7#2/z, a contraction of snmeerlz, or snarls. See sneerl (2).] E. g. (1) Said of a young 'prentice: 'I'z e ruff en ; but wi'st suin tak t' snmnik-snéelz eet on im. (2) Said to a schoolmaster by the father of a new scholar: ' Au'v brout yar Jim te t' skuil te a' t' ten eet on im ', or 'nokt off on im '.

[ON.

Note, The word may possibly have been formed from Scand. + OE. smxel, in which case the second part would have been added to explain the first at a later stage. See snig (2) and snel.

snikkl, snettl, snittl, a snare or a trap for catching game. [A fre- quentative of snick or sneck.] sno, A./. sniu, p.p. snon, snod, str.vb., to snow. [OE. szawan, to snow.]

& as &a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her; 1, see ; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; 112

Page 143

snod

snod, ad7;., smooth, even in surface. [ON. szoth-then,smooth(W.W.D.); snauthr, smooth (Skt.).] E.g. (1) 'This ez bin plend ez smo ez (2) 'I'z e szod tung, i lauks te se naus things (to say nice things).' snoddn, to make snod or smooth. snoggl, w.v6., to snuggle, to lie close, nestle. [Frequentative of snug, which see.] snot, mucus from the nose. [ME. snmolte ; OE. snoté.] snotteril, a little or short nose (E.). See sneet. snuff, w.v6., to smell at, draw air up the nose, sniff. [Du. smxfex, to snuff.] Cp. snift. snug, ad}., neat, smooth, comfort- able; as zoxz»:-a snuggery, a comfortable room. ON. s#dgg7, smooth, trim (Skt.).] Cp. smug. snuiz, a snooze, short nap or sleep. [prob. connected with sz#ore.] snuk, snugk, w.v0., to draw any- thing-snuff, liquid, &c.-up the nose. to sniff; prob. imitative word, with nasal prefix, formed from OE. sficar, to suck ; or of Scand. origin; cp. Swed. ; Norw. dial. s»0ke, to snuff.] snutter, to [prob. connected with 80 (1), siu, J.p. son, sir.vo., to sow seed. [OE. séiwanx.] 86 (2), sod, p.p. sod, son, w.vd., to saw, cut with a saw. [ME. sagZe, sawe, from OE. sagu, a cutter, saw.] See seg. 80, seg, a saw, a toothed cutter. sob, sop, w.v5., to mop up, to soak up liquid with a cloth, See sop. sobbin, soppin, pari. ad;., soaked with wet. ' Mi tluez (clothes) z feer sobbin (soppin) wit wi' ren fwet with rain).' sod, soddn. See under sith. sodder, sother, solder, a cement of melted lead. [Fr. somd'zre.] soft, soft. See smft, smfti. soft-yed, soft-ied, a soft-head, sim- pleton. soil, suil, the sole of the foot or boot.

Dialect

sqorsingl

[OE. sol, fr. Lat. solea, the foot- sole.] $soj, older pronunciation of sage, the herb. [ME. sauge; OFr. sauge. (Lat.)]. som, a psalm. [ME. psalm, saim ; OE. sealm. (Lat.-Grk.)] sond, sand. ME. sond, sand; OE. sand.] sond-stuen, sand-stone.

Small slabs of it are still frequently used for scouring stone-flags, steps, &c. Formerly also lumps of the softer kind of sandstone were broken up into small sand, which was then sprinkled freely over the stone floors of a dwelling to keep them clean. For in winter muddy boots and clogs were apt to ! trail t' muk inte th' egs thre t' ruedz' in the days when roads were ill-kept and badly mended.

sonder, old pronunciation of or coke. [OE. sixder, coke, slag, &c.; cp. ON. sizx@r. The old form sondgr is probably a relic of the local Norman-French pronuncia- tion of the Fr. cexd@re (a cinder) introduced after the NFr. occupa- tion of this district.] Sonderson, Sanderson, a rather fre- quent surname locally. [= son of Saunder, ie. of Alexaundre, the Fr. form of Alexander.] soni, a sawny, a simpleton. [Ori- ginally a nickname for a Scotsman, from Sazmdy or Sandy, short for Alexander.] sonter, to saunter, walk lei- surely. [prob. from AFr. sazntrer, to adventure oneself (Skt.).] sop, smp, w.v5., to mop up, to soak up water with a cloth. [prob. OE. soppian, to sop up, connected with span, to sup, drink in.] soppin. See sobbin. sor-oil, a sewer-hole, or entrance to a )drain. See see (2), and Shuer (2). sorples (1), a surplus, an over-plus. [Fr. surplus.] sorples (2), a surplice, worn by clergy and choirs. [Fr. sorsingl, a surcingle, a belt or girth

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu = ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; o1, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

$280

113 Q

Page 144

sortin

to fasten a sheet or pack on a horse's back. [OFr. sursangle, a belt.] sortin, sertin, sartin, certain, sure. [OFr. cerfein.] soss, to put down quickly, to ' plump ' down ; hence to drink up tea, beer, &c., without a stop. [prob. of imitative origin (N.E.D.).] E.g. (1) < Wen au osst te wok (tried to walk), mi legz wer sue wek (weak) wol au soss? deen on t' fluer in e lump.' (2) 'Soss up thi él, mun, en' let's bi gettin' on t' rued.' soss-pot, one who empties his pot by drinking quickly; hence a drunkard. E.g. (1) 'Luk et yar Tom, drinkin iz tie (tea), i'z e regiler soss-pof" (2) 'Thae'r olis drunk; thae'r e reit soss-porf.' sos, sauce ; also impudence,' cheek '. [Fr. saxce.} E.g. 'Let's a' nuen e thi sos. If the soses mi egien, au'st nok thi deen.' soser, a saucer, ' tea-plate'. sos, acd}. saucy, impudent; also slippery (said of 'icy' weather). [Lit., full of sauce; pungent.] E.g. ' Maund eg thae woks this moernin ; t' rueds ez nobbet sosz.' sother, sodder, solder. The former is the commoner form, owing to the local tendency to substitute 'th' for 'd'. See sodder. souber, sueber, ad7;., sober. sobre; Fr. sobre. (Lat.)] soud, sold. See sell. soujoer, a soldier. [ME. somdiour, souldier ; OFr. soudoier, soldier.] soul, the soul. [OE. sewo/.] sout, #.1., sought. See sik. sov, salve, ointment. [OE. sea//.] spsijer, spadger, sparrow. [prob. a corrupt form of OE. spearwa, spsek, p./., spoke. See speik. spsen, p./., span or spun. See spin. w.vo., to variegate; lit., to set with bits of metal or ornaments; to adorn. Mr. Edgar Sykes, of Golcar, tells me that woollen cloth which shows different shades of colour owing to faulty dyeing is

[ME.

Hudderspeld Dialect

spech

said to be 'spanged '. [OE. spange, a metal clasp, an ornament with variegated or sheeny surface.] Cp. ' The Star-spangled Banner', -the United States' national flag. spmenk, w.vo., to spank, slap, beat. [Origin doubtful spsenker, any person or thing su- premely fine, a 'clinker'; that which beats all others of the sort. [prob. allied to spmeng.] spsenkin, very smart, excellent, supreme, ' clinking' or clinching. E. g. (1) ' Au'v gettn e wauf et's e spoenker, au ken tell thi? (2) 'The luks regiler spazeréir v thi niu tluez (new spserrib, spare-rib of pork. [OE. spoer, spare, lean +7206, a rib.]

Note. This word reminds me that once, when a boy, on asking my father what we were having for dinner that day, he replied : < * ZLizes: wauf " rosted (lean wife roasted), en' " / »izin g man" fer sos'; that is, roasted spare-rib with apple-sauce.

spmerribl, spserrebl, a sparable, a cast-iron nail, with large head, for boot-soles. [Formerly sparrow- bill, from the shape (Skt.).] spSettl, older form of spittle, saliva. [OE. spaetl, spatl, spittle.] spark, sparker (older form), a gay, lively young fellow. [ON. sparkr, sprightly, active.] E.g. 'That lad e yorz ez gettin e regiler sparker (later, spark)" Not the same as spsmnker, which see. spaus, spice, the local name for ' sweets' made of sugar, &c. [ME. spice; OFr. espice, spice. (Lat.)] trekl-spaus, sweets, like toffee, made of treacle. spaus-kek, a sweet-cake, as distin- guished from the ordinary bread- which was and is still called simply 'kek'. spech, a patch of any kind, a plaster. [prob. a variant of patch, with initial s; related to OE. s$erca, a speck, blot, spot, blemish.] E.g. ' Put thi t' uther buits on ; them z

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate; e, pen; e, her; 1, see ; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; su = &+ u;

114

Page 145

speel

specht wol the'll 'ardli 'old te- gether.' speql. See spuel. speet, spreet, w.v5., to spout, squirt, flow out quickly. [ME. [prob. Scand.; cp. Swed. spr#7a, sputa, to squirt.] speet, a spout, a pipe to conduct water ; also a pipe-nozzle. speik, 5.7. spmk, spek, spuek, p./. spokkn, s¢7.v6., to speak, to talk. [ME. speken; OE. sprecan, specan, to speak.] speik, speich, speech, utterance. There is usually a difference be- tween a speik and a speick (or spich more commonly now). The former means a saying or short utterance, the latter a formal speech or oration. E.g. (1) ' Yor parsen meks e guid speicZ (spick), but 1'2 reéther te long-winded.' (2) 'Au lauk te arkn te t' childer tokin, they sn sich funni s$eiZs (sayings).' speil, spill, spiel, a spell to light a candle, &c., with, a thin slip of wood or paper. [OE. spe/d, a torch, spill.] spelk, a strip of wood used in bind- ing broken bones, &c., a splinter. [OE. speilc, a rod, splinter; cp. ON. spelkur.] spell, a small oblong block of wood wedge-shaped at one end, and hav- ing a small hollow on top to hold the 'knur' (see norr) in the game of knur-and-spell. The spell is so placed on the ground that when the wedge-end is tapped the ball rises into the air to be driven as far as possible with a 'pummil'. This is a broad ashen head fixed at one end of a flexible rod. [OE. speld, a splinter, a chip, or OE. spillan, to spill, shed, &c.]

The game is a very old one in the north of England. The spell, at first prob- ably any old chip of wood that would ' jerk' when tapped, has been developed in these days into a kind of stage placed on the ground, and, screwed upon it, a steel spring and cup to hold the knur.

Huddersfield Dialect

splint

spen, w.v5., to spane or wean a child ; hence to cease from a drink- ing spree. [OE. spanra, a teat; or spananr, to allure, entice, with- draw.] E.g. 'Au'v zd e wik on t' spri, bet au'm been te s$2éz of nee.' sperrit, spirit. espirit.] spiel. See speil. spier, w.v5., to ask (obsolete in this sense) ; to look for, find out, search, spy. [OE. spyrian, to track, in- quire.] E.g. (1) ' Spier ebeet, en thae'll find it, »ppn.' (2) Heard when a boy: 'Oud Jue 'z olis spigrin inte uther fuek biznis, estied e mindin iz on.' See spor. spiggit, a spigot or peg for a cask. [ME. spigot, spikket.] spin, #.7. spmen, p.p. spun, str.vd., to spin. [OE. spinxzan.] spinnil, spinl, a spindle. [ME. spinel ; OF.. spinl}. spink, a finch, specially the chaffinch. [ME. spink. (Scand.)] spinni, a spinney, copse, thicket. [OFr. espinei.] spit (1), spm»t, p.p. spitn, str.v6., to spit. [OE. spiffan.] spit (2), a spadeful of soil in digging. [OE. spittan, to dig; spitel, a spade.] spit (3), a spit, skewer, or prong for roasting meat. [OE. spifs.] spit, spittl (1), saliva. See sp&ttl. spittl (2), a small shovel, as in

[ME. spirit; AFr.

baek-spittl, a baking-shovel. [OE. spitel, small spade.] spiu, to spew, vomit. [OE.

spiwan.] spiuer, a spewer, the local name for squib, especially made for Guy Fawkes' Day-Nov. 5. splsether. See spluther. splint (1), a thin piece of wood, splinter. [Scand.; cp. Dan. and Swed. splint, a splinter.] splint, w.v5., to split, divide, scatter -as in a game of marbles. splint (2), a sprint, a sudden spurt ; a quick run. [Scand.; cp. OIcel. spretir, a spring, bound, run.]

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = ig, pier; iu, few; oe, boar; oi, boil ; ou = o ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for g1 ; tl for cl.

II5

Page 146

split

split, #.. split, p.p. splittn, w.v6., to split, divide, cleave; also to divulge a secret. [prob. Scand.; cp. Dan. sp/iffe, to split.] E.g. (1) 'Au'll gi' yq e shillin ; yq ken split it bitwin ye? (2) ' Au'll kip it quaut (quiet), au wien't sA/Zzz on

sploch, splotch, a small quantity of spilt liquid, a blot. [prob. a variant of bloch. Cp. OE. s$/of, a spot or blot.] splot, w.v5., to sprawl, thrust, or spread about ; also to burst out talking. [prob. connected with spluther.] E.g. (1) 'Szm thi legs up, mun; tha s#/5¢s em ol ovver th' arsten (hearthstone).' (2) ' If the tells it te that nuppit, 'll s$/0¢ it eet te t' forst chap i mits wi' (meets spluther, splether, w.v5., to splut- ter, talk rapidly or confusedly. [A variant of spuiter (which is a fre- quentative of to keep on spouting. See speet.] E.g. (1) < Wen i toks i sp/uthers (sp/izethers) se mich, 'et yo keen't tell wat i sez.' (2) 'The toks nout bet splsether (spluther) ; it mienz nout (means spo, p/. spoz (more frequently used), a spa or sulphur spring, of which there are several in this district, as at Lockwood, Slaithwaite, Gun. thwaite, &c.; hence a watering- place; a holiday resort. The ex- pression ' guin te t' sp05z fer e wik' usually means 'going for a week's holiday'. [From Spa, a town in S.E. Belgium, having famous min- eral springs.] spoil, spuil (older form), w.w5d., to spoil, waste; to mar (a child). [ME. spoilex, to plunder; OFr. espoillier, to despoil.] E.g.'Yo'n petted thet chauld wol i'z e reit spuild en.? spokkn, #.p., spoken. See speik. spor (1), a spur. [OE. spore.] spor (2), w.vd., to ask, inquire ; espe- cially to be ' asked ' in church, i.e. to put up the marriage-banns.

Hudderspeld Dialect

[OE. spyrian, spurian, to track, inquire, ask. Cp. Scottish 'speer me no questions', &c.] sporrinz, spurrings, or banns, ' ask- ings ' in church preparatory to a marriage. E. g. 'The'r guin te get wed suin, i'z puttn t' sPprrinz in t' second taum last Sundi.' See spier. spottl, w.w5., to cover with spots. [English spo¢ with instru. suffix 7/2. Cp. Olcel. spof/f, a spot.] E.g. ' Yond moter wizd past mi, en' it 's spoittla mi koit ol ovver wi' muk.' sprseg, a sprag, a piece of wood or spar used to check a wheel ; hence a check, delay, hindrance. E.g. 'te put th' sprzxg on', is to check something. [Of obscure origin (N.E.D.).] sprsg, to check, delay, hinder. E. g. ' te sprseg e wil (wheel)' is to check its speed down-hill. sprit, a sprat, i.e. anything small sized. [prob. allied to spreet, sprot, which see.] E.g. 'Wat! feit (fight) thet chep! Wau, i'z nobbet e sprazet !' sprau, a@;., spry, active, nimble, lively. [Scand. ; cp. Swed. s$rygg, active, skittish.] E.g. 'Th' oud maen 'z ez sprax ez e yung en.' spreet, sprot, sprod, a sprout, a budding twig. [OE. sprof, s¢reof, a sprout, germ.] spreet, sprot, w.v5., to sprout, ger- minate; also to squirt water. [ME. sprutten, to sprout or shoot ; OE. *spriutan, to sprout ; spryitan, to cause to sprout (Skt.).] E.g. (1) 'Them plants ez vaerti nausli this spring.' (2) ' Muther, yar Jim 'z spregeied mi ol ovver wi' t' skwerter.' spreid, w.v6., to spread. See spried. sprein, w.v0., to sprain, strain, twist. [OFr. espreindre, to wring.] sprekkl, spekkl, w.vwo., to cover with little specks or spots. [OE. specca, a spot.] spri, a spree, frolic; but chiefly ap- plied to a drinking bout of several

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; g, her; 1, see; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; gu = 116

Page 147

spried

days. [prob. connected with sprau, spry (Skt.).] spried, spreid, /.., spred, w.v5., to spread. [OE. sprxdan, to extend. ] sprig, a twig, small branch ; also a small conical nail without head. [ME. sprigge; related to OE. sprvec, sprec, a twig ] spring, p./. spreng, p.p. sprung, str vb., to spring, rise up ; burst forth ; to crack, give way. [OE. sprznwcm ] spring, a bursting out, as of water buds, twigs, &c. ; hence a well ; young plant, then a plantatxon, a grove of trees. [OE. spring.] Spring Wood, Spring Grove, the former near Honley, the latter in Huddersfield, are both probably so named as having been plantations formerly, not as being near water- springs. Note. In the Award of the Manor of Honley, 1788 (see Onyerd), concern- ing enclosures of commons and waste lands, frequent reference is made to ‘Sprmgr Woods or parcels of woody ground', especially to (the woody Ground called Mag Spring'-in Mag Dale

sprod, sprit, spreet, sprut, names often applied to anything small. Among children spro@ and sprxf used to be interchangeable in refer- ence to Jack Sprod or Jack meaning a sort of elfish sprite who would come and steal a naughty child. [See sprat, spreet.] E.g. said to a child : 'Jack (or Sprset) 'll fech thi, if the duzn't behave thisen.' sprot, w.v5., to spurt, splutter, burst from the mouth; to talk rapidly. See splot, spreoet. [OE. *spri/an, spreotan, to burst forth, sprout.] sprot, a sprout; as v5. to sprout. [OE. sprot; cp. Olcel. sprofi, a sprout.] sprut, a sprout; especially applied to a young upstart fellow-one who is fond of 'showing off'. [See spreet, &c.] E.g. Mother, anxi- ously, to husband : ' Wat's te rekkn

Huddersfield Dialect

stzeng

(think) e yar Nue (Noah): izn't i gettin e bit konséted (conceited) ?' Father, scornfully : *E biz, sez te ? Wau 1'z /x// e konsét; au maxk nout e (don't like) t' yung spuek (1), a spoke, bar of a wheel. [OE. spaca, a spoke.] spuek (2), p.., spake, spoke. speik. spuel, speql, a small splinter of rough wood which has stuck into one's

See

hand or finger. [ME. spdle, a splinter.] spuert, sport, play, game. [Short

for disport; amuse.] spuezin, supposing. spuil, w.v5., to spoil. See spoil. spuin, a spoon. [ME. spor; OE. spon, a chip or splinter of wood- the original kind of spoon (Skt.).] spunk, courage, spirit, 'grit' ; ori- ginally tinder, touchwood. [Kelt. ; cp. Gael. spong, Ir. sponc, spongy wood, &c. (Lat.-Grk.)] srinj, shrinj, a syringe, squirt. [OFr. syringue, a squirt.] st', a strengthened form of s' (by Z added), which is short for shall, which see. (1) ° Au s2 (or s') tek it wi' mi' (2) ' Wi s? (or s') bi guin suin.' (3) 'They s# (s') sev' em reddi 1' t' moern for yo.' See also 8'. stsddl, staddle, a stand for a stack, made of pieces of timber suitably placed. [ME. s¢a¥hel ; OE. stathol, a foundation, base. Cp. ON. thull, a place, station.] stk (1), a stack. [ON. stakkr.] st&k-brod, a pointed stick used in thatching a stack of hay or corn. See brod. stsk-garth, a stack-, or rick-yard. stk (2), old stuck. Seestik (1). stselli, a stallion or male horse. [ME. sia/ion ; OFr. estalon.] stmend, p.5. stund, p.p. studdn, str.vb., to stand, be erect; bear, endure. [OE. steng (1), stung. See sting. steng (2), steng, a pole, stake. [ME. stange; ON. stong, a pole;

ME. disporten, to

eg, pear ;

ei, reign; qu =@+u; ig, pier; iu, few; og, boar ;

oi, boil ; ou = o+u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also al for gl tl for el.

117

Page 148

steng

OE. steng, a pole.] The word is still in common use among farmers.

' Raudin £ steng' (nding the pole) was formerly a method of holding up to public contempt and derision any person in a village who had notoriously offended against public opinion. A straw effigy of the person was placed on a 'stang' and carried round the 'town' in a procession headed by a band, the ' instruments' of which were often old cans, horns, &c. The noisy ceremonial usually ended by the effigy being covered with tar and burnt. I can remember seeing, as a boy, just one such affair, in which the delinquent was a much-hated, bullying policeman! Usually, however, the offence so con- temned was an immoral one.

steng (3), w.vo., to stang, to throb or stab with pain. [Scand.; cp. OIcel. to goad, sting.] (1), a staple, an iron loop for Rolaing a chain. [OE. stapol, a holder, that which holds firm.] stmeppl (2), staple. [OFr. esfaple, a staple, mart, or chief market.]

The development in the meaning of this word is interesting to note. - Ori- ginally it meant a fixed or chief market for selling specified commodities, as wool, flax, hides, &c.; then was ap- plied to the articles sold at a ' staple '; then to the gx#a/ity of those articles. Thus, locally, the staple of wool now means the fineness and length of its fibre.

locally, a dealer in wool, one able to judge of its quality. stmttiz, statute-fairs or hiring-fairs, so called because held according to statute or fixed law. [Fr. siai/uéz, a statute. (Lat.)] stark, steerk, c27., stiff, rigid ; com- plete, entire. [OE. s¢earce, rigid, strong.] stark-nekt, entirely naked. starkn, w.vo., to become stiff or rigid. starn (1), steern (1), the stern, rear, hinder part. [ME. sierz»; Scand.; cp. OIcel. s¥irz, a steering; the helm ; hinder part of ship.]

Dialect

sted

starn (2), steern (2), stern, severe. [ME. sterne; OE. styrne.] start, stegrt, a handle, as in c#p- start (a cup-handle); properly a tail, as in a bird with red tail, [OE. a tail.] E.g. 'Wi's a' te bau (buy) sum muer pots ; ther izn't one wi' e siar? on left." starv, w.vo., to be or feel cold ; also to hunger. [ME. sterver; OK. steorfan, to die, perish.] Note. Locally the word never means 'to die'. E.g. (1) 'Mi fingerz ez feer starvd wi' t (2) ' Au fil starva te t' dieth ommest 1° this frosti wether.' (3) 'Th' puer chauld luks starvin; giv im summet te eit." stau, sti, a sty, pig-sty. [OE. a pen for cattle, &c.] staul. See stil. stauperz, stauperdz, stipers or pil- lars, supports, props (E.). [ME. stiper, a prop; OE. stiperé, stie- pere, a pillar, support.] staup-oilz, stipe-holes ; holes where props or pillars have been ; hence hollows in the road or fields filled with dirty water (E.). staurm-kok, a storm-cock or missel- thrush. staut, adv., soon. The word is a corruption of the phrase 22s Za%/ = as soon. [ME. soon; ON. tithr, tilt, soon (W.W.D.).] stauter, adv.comp., sooner, rather. Formed from the mistaken (1) 'Let's gu bak; au'd ez staut, ez stop ier? (2) 'Au'd ez staut bi died ez wed te yond felli- ah, en' stauier. ste (1), a stay or staithe, a landing- place; hence, locally, a place for depositing coals, &c. ; e.g. a ' coal- stay'. [OE. staih, sitzeth, a shore, landing-place; cp. ON. s¢0/2, a harbour.] ste (2), a stay or prop, support. [MFr. esfaye, a prop.] sted, stied, a stead, place, position. [OE. stede, stzede, a place, &c.] Examples of its compounds are- bed-stead , stack-stead, home-stead;

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate; e, pen ; g, her ; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u = &+ u; 118

Page 149

steerch

and in place- and sur-names: Hal- stead, Benstead, Stead (very com- mon locally). steerch, starch, i.e. ' stuff that stif- fens'. See stark. steerk, steert. starn, start. steet, ad;., stout, plump, fat ; strong. [ME. stout ; OFr. estout; or OE. stoilt, stout, bold (Skt.).] stei. See sti (1). steik (1), w.vo., to bolt or bar a door, to fix, fasten. [ME. steken, to prick, fix, close; prob. from an OE. *stecan, to stab, thrust.] E. g. ' Steik th' duer, au telld thi!' ' Au did du, bet t' brokkn, en' it wien't stik steik (2), stek (1), a stake, post, pole. [OE. a post.] steik (3), stek (2), a steak, slice of meat. [ME. steike; ON. steik, a steak.] steil (1), a stalk, handle, as in borss/Z- steil, the handle of a brush ; cad- bage-steil, cabbagestalk. [OK. stela, a stalk, handle.] steil (2), stel, stoul, $.p. stouln, stoun,sir.vo.,to steal. [OE. sielan, to steal.] steim (1), a stem (of plant). stefn, stemn, stem.] steim (2), to bespeak, speak for beforehand. [OE. stefn, stemn, a voice, message, agreement.] E.g. (1) 'Throng' wife: 'Tom, wi' te kol et th' bucher'z fer thet meit au steimd yusterdi? Tha mun pe for it, en' ol.' (2) A very shy youth, with a nervous habit of winking one eye, was standing at a door- way, looking dreamily across the road and unconsciously winking. He was suddenly wakened up into confusion when a merry lass, who was passing by, called to him-' Ei led! it's nue guid winkin et mi thee noz,-au'm s¥eind.' stel, p.4., stole. See steil. sti (1), stei, a stee or ladder, steps, stair. [OE. siig, a path, way ; ladder ; from s¢igax, to climb, as- cend ; cp. ON. s¢ig¥, ladder.]

See stark,

[OE.

Dialect

stik

sti (2), a pigsty. See stau. stied. See sted. estied, prep., instead. stiel, steel. [OE. si¢Ze/e.] stiem, steam. [ME. OE. steam, vapour, smoke.] stiep (1), adj., steep, high. [ME. steep ; OE. stzap, high, lofty.] stiep (2), w.vd., to steep, soak in a liquid. [ME. sfepern ; ON. steypa.] stiepl, a steeple, lofty tower. [OE. stigpel, stypel, a tower, from stéap, high.] stiff, ad7., formerly much used in the sense of proud, glad, pleased ; but not common now. [ME. s#/7; OE. stif, rigid.] E.g. (1) '*Yond 'z e stiffish suert ef e chap,' i.e. proud, unbending. (2) 'Th' led 'z reit s/ (proud) in iz niu tluez.' stik (1), stmk, stuk, stikt, p.p. stikkn, stukkn, stikt, sizx.-w¥.v6., (a) to stick, stab, pierce; (0) to thrust, push, fix, fasten ; stay, stop, adhere ; to stand up for, maintain. [(a) ME. steken, as if from an OE. vb. *siecanr, to pierce; (6) OE. stician, to fix with a spear, fasten. Cp. Swed. s¢icka, and Dan. stikke, to stab, pierce (Skt.).] E.g. (1) this letter inte t' puest-box for mi, wi' te?' (2) 'Duen't bi efléd ; kip thi kouk (courage) up laed, en' au'll #p for thi.' stik (2), a stick, rod, branch of tree. [OE. siticca, a rod, &c.; lit. that which pierces (Skt.).] stik (3), a stick-used of a person figuratively as a term of familiarity; hence also a term of contempt. [OE. s¢icce, stycce, a part, portion, piece.] E. g. (1) 'Tha're reer oud stik, lzd (a fine old fellow).' (2) *' Well, oud en' ee zr te gettin on ?' As a term of contempt for a simple or foolish person it occurs in com- pounds. See bom-stik, or bam- stik, buk-stik, feel-stik, rum- stik. It is also used in the ad- verbial phrase, °? ZAwiZ-stiks'=in quick time, very soon. E.g. ' Zr te kummin nee?' 'Eah, au'll bi

ee, pear; ei, reign; qu = e+u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = u; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

119

Page 150

sul Dialect

wi' thi Zwik-stiks? uses cp. Ger. stil, staul (later form), a stile, a set of steps over a wall or hedge occur- ring to block a path. [ME. s¢iZle ; OE. stigol, a stile.] stil-oil, stile-hole, or gap in wall where a stile occurs. sting, stmeng, $.p. stung, str.v6., to sting, pierce. [OE. siixgan.] stink, stmnk, p.p. stunk, sizr.v6., to stink. [OE, stithi (th = dh), stiddi (sometimes), a stithy or blacksmith's anvil. [ME. stith ; ON. stethi, anvil ; cp. OE. siithk, strong, rigid, &c.] stiuerd, a steward, caretaker. [OE. sti, or stigu, sty, farmyard + weard, a keeper. Originally 'one who looks after his master's domestic animals ; hence one who provides for his master's table, and super- intends his household affairs ' (Skt.).]) As a rather frequent local surname it is spelt and Stuart, but still pronounced as ' Stiuerd '. stok, a stock, post, stump, handle ; a lot, store; lit., what is fixed or placed together. [OE. s¥oce, post, stump. Allied to OE. séyece; a part, piece, bit ; see stik (3).] is in very common use meaning 'a lot'. E.g. (1) ' Ther'z e stoke fuek guen te t' berri-in (funeral) ¢ t' parsen.' (2) ' Ther'z e siok e buks thier 'et au wodn't zv gin (given).' (3) 'E stok e childer 'z fled ¢ t' dark.' stol (1), a stall, standing-place for cattle ; a booth at a ' fair'. [ME. sial ; OE . steall, station, stall.] stol (2), w.vo., to stall, tire, satiate, to make stale ; lit., to keep (animals) in a stall; hence to fatten up, sati- ate, glut. [O.E. siz/an, stealan, to keep in a place, to set, put, &c.] E. g. (1) ' Au'm feer s570/4 e livin 1 this oud ees." (2) kan't that chauld wi' spaus (sweets).'

For these

The word appears in a variant form in stale, dried, too long kept, old, &c., as in stale bread, stale news,

strekkl-bréend

stomp, w.v5., to stamp about, tread heavily. [ME. OE. stempan, to stamp, to pound ; cp. ON. sitappa, stampa; and Fr. estamper.] E.g. 'Mifzether stompt ebeet th' ees wi' t' tuith-wark (tooth- ache) sein ez if i wer maed.' stop, w.vo., to stope, step boldly, stride out. [Either a contraction of stomp, or from the p.t. st5p of OE. sieppan, to step, stride, go.] E.g. 'U kim (she came) stopiz inte th' ees beet zessin (without asking leave).' Stopperth, the old pronunciation of Stockport in Cheshire, widely fa- mous formerly for its horse-fair- ' Stopperth stor, a stir; a moving about ; hence a feast, repast, banquet. [OE. styrian, to move, stir; cp. ON. styrr, a stir.] E.g.' Erte guin te t' (school-feast) te moern ?' storrin, a stirring, tumult, an exciting event of any kind E.g. (1) ' Wat's ol t' s¢torrin ebeet, lauk?' (2) ° Eh, ther zz bin sum sipyrzzz 1' t' teen (in the village) wol au'v bin off ; (regretfully) the'r olis iz, sumee (somehow), wen au gue ewe e bit.' stork, a stirk, young heifer. [OE. stirc, styrc.]} See yeffer. storn, ad7., stern. See starn. stoul, #.., stole; stouln, #.p., stolen. See steil (2). strmkkl, w.v6., to strackle, to stran- gle, choke, throttle. [prob. another form of strangle; OFr. esfrangler, to choke.] E.g. (1) 'Au olis fil strzekled wy e koller reend mi nek.!' (2) 'Au zd te strzekl 1 dog te mak im liev gue (leave hold) e t' rebbit.' strmkkl-bréend, ad}., - strackle- brained, reckless, and inclined to violence or excitement, semi-luna- tic; as if the brains were half- strangled.

The phrase is usually interpreted to mean thoughtless, roaming, giddy, with the root-sense of sirago/ling; but locally it means more than that. In my own

& as a in glad ; a, far; au, form ; é, mate; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see ; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; ¢, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u = &+ u; 120

Page 151

streng

mind it always connotes wild, staring eyes, as if they were under pressure. It is a quite common expression.

strmeng, strung. See string. straud, stried, /.. strued, stred (older form), $.$. striddn, to stride. [ME. siriden ; OE. stri- dan.] strauk, p./. strugek, streak (older form), .$. strikkn, strukkn, to strike, hit hard, rub ; also, in its older senses, to go for- ward, proceed, meet with. [ME. striken, to proceed, meet with ; strike with sword or stick; OE. strican, to rub; to go, proceed, &c.} E.g. (1) ' Au strik (strughk) it ovver t' yed wi' e stik! (2) 'Wen yq gettn te t' rued end, strauk streit ekross t' tlois (the field) enent yo." (3) 'Gue up this rued gn' yqo'll e publik-ees ; then torn te yer left." strauk, strugek, a strike or stroke,- an old measure of grain, &c.; e.g. a strike or stroke of barley, or of peas. straup, a stripe, streak, long mark. [ME. stripe ; MDu. strijpe, a stripe in cloth; cp. Norw. s¢ripa, a stripe.] strauy, $./. struevy, strev (older form), $.p. strivyn, strovyn, str.vo., to strive. [ME. striven; OFr. esiriver, to strive ; cp. ON. stritha.] stred, p.., strode. See straud. strein (1), to strain, drain out; to wrench, twist. [ME. streinen; OFr. estreindre, to wring hard.] Cp. sprein. strein (2), strain, descent, lineage, birth. [ME. sirén ; OE. gain, lineage, progeny.] streit (1), ad}., straight, direct; not bent. [ME. séreight; OE. streht, pp. of streccan, to stretch.] streit (2), strat, ad7., strait, narrow ; strict. - [ME. sitreit ; OFr. estreit, narrow, strict. (Lat.)] streiten, w.v0., (1) to make straight, erect ; to put matters right, to tidy up; (2) to make narrow. E.g.

Huddersfield Dialect

strok

(1) led, streits thiseln up; tha'll bi e ninsh toler (an inch taller)" (2) 'Au mun sireifz th' ees up e bit egien Matt kumz wom.' (3) ' Au zext thi te slzekn this sliv, en' guen en' streitnd it, bi gun. strék, p./., struck. See strauk. strev, strove. See strauyv. strie, straw. [OE. stréaw, See gers. stried, to stride. See straud. striek, a streak, a long mark or line. [ME. streke, strike ; OE. strica, a line, mark; and cp. ON. stryhkr.] striek, w.v5., to stroke smoothly, or gently. [ME. to rub; go, &c.; OE. sirican, to stroke, rub; to go.] E.g. 'If the sirighs t' it'll porr for thi.' See strauk. striem, a stream. [OE. striet, strit, a street. [OE. a paved way (Lat.).] strikk1l, the older, and form- erly the usual, form of trickle, to flow thinly. [prob. frequenta- tive of ME. striker, to flow ; OE. strican, to strike ; also to go, move, flow. (See Skt. and N.E.D. sub trickle.)} E.g. 'T' ren (rain)': strikklin thru t' thk, en' it'll suin bi if it izn't stopt.' strikkl, a thin 'streak' or flow of liquid, a few drops ; a trickle. E. g. 'Ther'z nobbet just e sirikkl e watter droppin thre t' speet.' strinkl, w.vo., to sprinkle, strew about. [A variant of sprinkl; prob. Scand. origin.] strinklin, a sprinkling, a small quan- tity or number. E.g. (1) Ther wer nobbet e e fuek et th' mitin' (2) 'Put e sirimk/inr e solt en' pepper on t' meit.' strippinz, strippings, the last milk from the cow in milking (E.). strok, struek, striek, w.vo., to stroke with the hand, to smooth ; to soothe by gentle rubbing. [ME. stroken; OE. stracian, to stroke, soothe, from s¥#ricax, to rub, strike,

&c.]

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu = g+u; ig, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; aZso dl for gl ; tl for cl.

8$2€

121 R

Page 152

stronj, ad;., the old pronunciation of strange. [OFr. estrange, for- eign.] Cp. Frons, mons, donjer, monjer, &c. stronjer, a stranger, a foreigner. [OFr. estrangier, foreigner.] E.g. (1) Woman, sat looking into the fire: 'Ther'z e stronjer 1' t' faur- barz ; au wunder ue-ivver it iz et 's kuminin te-dé.' (2) ' New-comers ' into a village are still called " stron- jerz' and 'forriners ' by the natives -even after many years of resi- dence among them. stroul, w.vo., to stroll, wander. [Origin uncertain ; through Fr.] strovyn, striven. See strauyv. strugek (1), struck. See strauk. strugk (2), w.vo., to stroke. See strok. As z., a stroke, blow; a stroking, a caress ; also a sudden seizure of a person by paralysis, &c. struek (3), a stroke or strike-a half bushel, a measure of corn, &c. [From the :0. to strike; see strauk.] strunshen, struncheon,-a tune or part of a tune or song ; a ' or ' measure ' (E.). [Origin doubtful.] stub, a stump of a tree; hence a short pieceof anything. [ON. a stump, a stock of a tree; cp. OE. stybb, a stub.] stub, w.v/., to grub up, to root up completely. Stubbingz, Stubbings, a local place- name (and surname), denoting a plot of ground cleared of trees and roots. studdn, p.p., stood. See stmnd. stuen, a stone. Pronounced s/gz as a suffix. [OE. si@x, stone.] In a district where stone is very plen- tiful, like the Huddersfield district, the word occurs in numerous com- pounds, - as: _ baeésifen, - arsien (hearthstone), slopsign, sinksten, &c. Also in place-names, as: Wolfstones, ThurlIstone, Peni- stone, &c. stuep. See stup. stuer, a store, heap, pile ; also re-

Hudderspeld Dialect

suer

gard, esteem. [ME. sioor, stor; OFr. esfor, store, provisions.] stueri (1), a story, tale; a ' polite? name for a lie. [ME. storie; OFr. estoire, story.] * Tha tellze stugri ; it's nout ¢ t' suert.' stueri (2), the upper part of a build- ing. [OFr. esforée.] stuev, a stove. [OE. siofa, a bath- room.] stuil, a stool. [ME. stool; OE. stol, a seat.] stunner, a wonder, an amazing per- son or thing ; a 'big lie'. [ME. stonien; OF. stunian, to make a din, to amaze.] stunnin, amazing, wonder- ful, splendid. E.g. 'Wen Aaron gets eget on iz telz, 1 ken tell sum stunnerz-reit enz, en ol ; en' it's stunnin ee i ken mek em up ez i guez on, the noz.' stup, stuep, a stoop, a post fixed in the ground, as tluez-stup, or clothes-stoop, a post on which a clothes-line is fastened. [ME. stoipe, a post, pillar; ON. stolpe, a post. (N.E.D.)] stut, w.vo., to stutter, stammer. [ME. stoter ; prob. Scand.; cp. O Icel. to stammer ; strike ; Swed. stotfa.} E.g.-advice given to one inclined to stammer: ' Wen the begins stop en' start efresh, en' tok reit sudz, suds, properly 'things sodden'; hence the water in which things have been sodden or soaked. See sith. sue, sq, adv., so, thus, therefore. [ME. so ; OE. swa, so.] sugber. See souber. suefi, sofi, a sofa. [A modern word -Arabic.] suek, seek, w.v5., to soak, steep; properly to suck up. [OE. to suck.] sueker, a soaker, drunkard, one who seems always to be 'sucking up' liquids ; a 'soss-pot'. suep, soap. [OE. sage, soap.] suer, cd7., sore, painful. [ME. sor; OE. sar, painful.]

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; a, mate ; e, pen; e, her; 1, see; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; gu = &+ u ;

122

Page 153

suer-buenz

sueri, ad7}., sorry, sorrowful, sad. [ME. sory ; OE. sarig.] suer-buens, sore-bones, a person who too soon complains of pain or of grievances. E.g. (1) ' Au'm nuen for thi; tha'rt nout naut e swer-bugnz. (2) 'It's sugri wark, berri-in tu et wons eet e' t' sem femli' (burying two at once out of the same family). suerd (1), a sword. [ME. swer; OE. sweord.] suerd (2), the rind or skin of pork, &c. [OE. sweard, swearth, rind or skin; hence a covering, sward, grass.] Cp. sward. suers, source, cause, origin. sours ; OFr. surse. (Lat.)] suert, sort, kind. [Fr. sorte.] suff, seek (older form), a sough, drain, sewer ; then the liquid mat- ter lying in a farmyard or garden. [Of obscure origin (N.E.D.) ; but cp. OE. scan, to suck ; and W. soch, a sink or drain.] suff-oil, the hole leading to a drain ; also the drain itself. suil, a sole-of boot, clog, &c. soil. suin, edv., soon. sona.) suit, soot. [OE. suk (1), seek, w.vo., to suck, draw in with the breath. [ME. ; OE. sfican.] Cp. seek, sugek. suk, w.vo., to suck ; cheat, deceive, take in. [OE. swicaz, to deceive, or s#can, to suck, as above.] (1) wer feer swit in wi' that chzp.' (2) ' The mi then reit inuf, but au'st pé thi eet for it yet. sumbdi, sumdi, somebody. [OE. sum, bodig, body.] sumenz, w.v5., to summon to a law- court. [ME. somouns; AFr. so- mons, a warning.] sumer, sumwier, azv., somewhere. [OE. sum +hwaxer, where.] sumet, somewhat, something. [OK. sum + hwset, what.] sump, a puddle, dirty pool, esp. of liquid manure. [prob. Scand. ; cp. Swed. smp, a swamp, marsh.]

[ME.

See

[ME. sone; OE.

Dialect

swazeddi

sump-oil, the hole or hollow con- taining dirty liquids. Sunier, Senior, a frequent local fam- ily name. [ME. segmior, sexiour, from OFr. seigmeur, a lord (Lat. senior, older).] sup, w.v5., to sup, drink, imbibe. [ME. soupen ; OE. siupan.] E.g. ' Sup up thi él (ale) mun, en' zy enuther paunt (pint).' sup, a drink, a quantity of liquid, generally meaning a small portion. (1) ° Gi' mi just e sp e thi milk, au nobbet waent e tuethri drops,

lauk.' (2) En yo e sep e milk te spare? WI »ennet (haven't) onni et ol.'

suttil, ad;., subtle, cunning, deep ; in older sense-fine, thin ; also win- ning. [ME. sotel, sotil ; OFr. sotil. (Lat.)] _ E.g. (1) 'Nivver &' nout te du wi' e (faced) chap ; it 1 duzn't rob thi, i'll chiet thi.' (2) 'Izn't thet chauld e en ? Au think nuebdi ked bi kross (angry) wi' im.' sutherin-wud, (th=dh), southern- wood, a sweet-smelling garden plant. [OE. s#/hernwudu ; sith, ern, south.] swab (1), w.vo., to swab, to spill water ; also to swill with water. [Scand. ; cp. Norw. svwadba ; Dan. svabre, to swab, to splash about.] E. g. 'Thae'z swaebd sum water eet e' t' ken egign ; nee swaxo t' fluer wi' it, suge'z it wien't bi wested (wasted).' swab (2), w.v6., to swoon, faint (E.). [Origin uncertain, prob. related to OE. swebban, to put to sleep or to death.] sward, swod, (c) a pod, a covering, esp. the shell of peas or beans ; (d) a child; simpleton. See swod. [ME. swathe, bandage; prob. OE. swethian, to bind, cover, &c.] swaddi, swoddi, (@) a child ; sim- pleton, a child-like person, i.e. as if still in swaddling clothes ; (4) a soldier. See swoddi. [prob. same as swaxed; but cp. Norw. dial. svadde, a big, stout fellow.]

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu = e+ u; ie, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl. 123

Page 154

swaedd!

swaeddl, w.v6., to wrap up an infant in a 'swaddling band' [ME. swathlen; OE. swoethil, swethel, a swaddling band ; bandage.] swof. See swoef, sweth. sweg, w.vo., to swag, sway, move from side to side. cp. Norw. svagga, to swag; OlIcel. sveggja, to cause to sway.] sweaegger, w.vo., to swagger, walk with a swagging movement. swalle (1), swolle, w.v5., to swallow, take down the throat. [ME. swo/- wen, swolghen ; OF. swelgan, to swallow.] swolle, the swallow, the throat. [ME. swolwe.] Au duen't fil se wil, au fil chuekt i' mi swaelle (swollg). swa'le (2), a swallow, kind of bird. [OE. swealwe, swalewe.] sweeng, p.4., swung. See swing. sweep, w.vo., to swap, exchange ; properly to strike, go swiftly. [ME. swappen, to strike ; prob. of echoic origin (N.E.D.).]

The development of meaning seems to be-to strike hands over a barter, then to barter, exchange. Cp. the phrase 'to strike a bargain '.

swath, a swath or track, esp. a row of mown grass. [OE. swaxfh, swathu, a track, path.] - See sweth. swattl, w.v0., to waste away (E.). [prob. from OE. swarf, sweat.] sward, swarf, swarth, sweerd, sweerf, grass, turf; properly a covering. [OE. sweard, swearth, a skin, covering, rind.] See suerd (2). swarl, swerl, sworl, w.v5., to swirl, eddy; whirl round. [Scand. ; cp. Norw. & Dan., sviria, to whirl round.] swarm, sweerm, a swarm, crowd. [OE. swearm.] swart, sweert, ed;., swart, black, dark-looking. [OE. swearL] waun, swine, esp. as a term of in- sult. [OE. swiz, a pig.] sweer, swier, p/. swuer,

Huddersfield Dialect

swiel

swuern, to swear an oath. [OE. swerian.] sweerd, sweerf. See sward. sweerm. See swarm. sweert. See swart. swot. See swath. sweffl, swiffl, a handle to turn a machine. [OE. swifax, to move quickly, turn round, revolve; cp. ON. svifa, to turn about.] swei, w.v5., to press down ; to cause to swing or sway ; to lean heavily upon. Cp. swag, to sway, to move from side to side. [ME. sweighen, to move; ON. sweig;a, to move, bend (¢razxs.).] E.g. (1) 'Th' devvl brout eet e big beg full e goud, swerd deen, en' runnin ov- ver, en' offerd te swap it fer iz soul' Devil's Bargain). (2) ' Put sum weits on t' top e' t' tub te swe? t' koern intu't (into it)." (3) ' Duen't swe? on thet buerd er tha'll thrust it swell, ./. sweld, swuel (older form), $.p. swoln, swueln, sir.- w.vb., to swell, grow larger. [OK. swellan.] swelt, swelter (later form), w.v6., to become overheated, ready to faint. [ME. swelter, to faint, die; OE. sweltan, to die, perish.] E. g. (1) ' Au fil sweited; au men sit mi deen e bit.' (2) wether 'z swe/- tin wot (hot). swerl. See swarl. swet, swiet, ad7., the older pronun- ciation of swit (=sweet), common 5o years ago, but seldom heard now. [ME. swefe; OE. swefte, sweet.] E.g. 'Tha'z med this te (tea) vaerri swef, lass." swetn, switn, swietn, w.v5., to sweeten, make sweet. [OE. sweéf- an.] E. g. ° Ez te swéetnd mite? Or, later te mi tie ?' sweth, swof, swaf, swath, a swath, or track, esp. a row of mown grass. See swath. swich, shwich, skwich, a switch, slender rod. See skwich. swiel. See swil.

& as a in glad ; a, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; gu = &+ u;

124

Page 155

swiep swiep. See swip. swier (1). See sweer.

swier (2), w.vo., to singe, scorch. [A contraction of swither, but cp. OFr. esswier, to dry up.] E.g. (1) 'Wol au wer likin et th' péper (paper), t' kzendle kzecht it en' swigrad it up v kwik-stiks' (2) 'This long dreet ez swigrdZ ol th' fog (aftermath) up wol it's breen en' szepliss (brown and juiceless).' swiet (1), swat, sweat, perspiration. [OE. swat, swaete.] swiet, p./ swat, swet, p.p. swet, swettn, w.v5., to sweat ; ' perspire ' is never used in the dialect. [OK. swaztan, to sweat.] swiet (2), sweet. See swet. swig, to drink off, gulp down, ale, &c. [prob. OE. swelgan, to swallow, absorb.] swig, a large, deep draught of liquid, a gulp. E.g. (1) ' Jim swiga iz el off en' went eet in e orri.' (2) 'Let's »y just e swig e' thi él mun ; duen't sup ol t' paunt.' swil, swiel, w.v0., to sweal, to burn up ; of a candle-to burn or melt without flame. [OE. swaxlex, to burn, burn slowly ; cp. ON. swa/a, to singe, burn.] E.g. ' Si thi, lxss, t' kxzendle'z swilin (swiglin) ewe, en' runnin ol deen t' kendle-stik.' swill, w.vo., to swill, wash ; hence to drink greedily (as if washing the throat). [OE. swilian, to wash.] swilleki, wobbly, jelly when moved. swillinz, swill, the washings of vessels which have held food of any kind ; pig-wash, kept in a 'swill-tub', to be given, when mixed with ' sharps ' or other pig- food, to the pigs. swing, ./ swaeng, pp. swung, str.vb., to swing. [OE. swingan.] swingl-tri, a swingle-tree or bar of wood attached to carriages, ploughs, &c., to which the horses are yoked E.). svéip, swiep, A.1. swept, w.vo., to sweep. [ME. swépen ; from OE.

Hudderspeld Dialect

tsek

swapan, to swoop, sweep.] See swuep. _ swirril, swoerril, a squirrel. squirel ; OFr. escurel.] swither, w.v5., to burn up, scorch, singe. [prob. Scand.; cp. O.Icel. svithra, to scorch ; also cp. OK. sweothrian, swithrian, to calm, abate ; cease.] swod, a child, little boy; hence a simple or foolish person. [Same origin as swaed.] ' swoddi, a pet child. [See swaddi.] E.g. a blunt old uncle of mine always used to greet me, when a child, with an affectionate pinch and- Well swod (or swodd?), en' ee er te, te-de?' Often a small coin was added-to sweeten the ' pinch-assault '.

[ME.

swoln, swueln, #./., swollen. See swell. swolle, w.vb., to swallow. - See

swille. swuep, w.vo., to swoop, pounce upon from above. [OE. swapan, to swoop, sweep along, rush.] swuer, A./, swore. See sweer, swier.

T, t

T', th' =the. Both forms are used indifferently in this dialect before consonants, but before vowels i' is usual, [OE. /Ze.] E.g. (1) ' Luk inte ? biuk ' or-' inte £#' buk.' (2) ' Gue inte £#' ts, older form of tg, per pro., thou. [OE. Hk#.] E.g.* Tz wi' net, wi' tg?* See th, to, thee. tzffi, older form of toffee. uncertain.] (1), a tack, pin, small nail; wo. to fasten. [ME. a fastening ; takken, to fasten together.] tek (2), tack, anything worthless tacked on or added to something better, an addition ; hence rubbish, poor stuff, E.g. (1) ' That chap ken mak brass (money) eet e onni

[Origin

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = @+u; ig, pier; iu, few ; og, boar; oi, boil ; ou = u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl. 125

Page 156

suert e /4.' (2) ° Au'm nuen been (not going) te zy dl that ize (rub- bish) i' th' ees." tek (3), p.. tuk, p.9. str.vo., to take. [ON. Zaka, to lay hold of, grasp, take.] See té (1). tsk, an undertaking, bargain. E.g. ' Au sheen't &' that, it izn't i' mau tok. intmk, intek, a piece of land 'taken in' from waste or wood land. A local proper name, Znitake, not uncommon. [Cp. ON. iz/a%.] uptsek, issue, upshot, result. E.g. ' Th' zptsek on it ol wor et i zd te gu te t' prizn (prison) fer e munth.' [Cp. ON. tmekki, ad;., tacky, sticky to the touch. E.g. ' Wen th' tzffi (toffee) filz Zsekki v €? tin, it's just inuff kukt.' tekkl, tsklin, tackle, tools, gear, equipment; a number of articles together. [ME. Z@kel; Scand.; cp. Swed. Zackel; Dan. takkel, tackle; ON. ZaZa, to take, &c.] tsllek, a tallock, a good-for-nothing person; chiefly feminine, a slut, slattern. [prob. ME. tile; OE. tal, tsl, blame, reproach, + ze or oc, dimin. suff.] Not often heard now. Cp. taulob. - tslli, a stick notched like another stick for keeping accounts in the old manner; an equal match. [ME. Fr. taille, a notch, &c., a 'scoring '-stick. (Lat.)] adv., tally, living together un- married. tselli-man, a tally-man or hawker, pedlar ; so called from his keeping tally-sticks for his accounts with customers. ten, w.vo., to tan, beat, thrash. [Colloquial, -from ' tanning' lea- ther.] tznner, a slang word in common use for ' sixpence '. teng, ting, w.vo., to sting. [ME. tangen; ON. tangi, a sting, prong, dagger ; fexgza, to sting, &c. Cp. OE. (ge)tingan, to press, thrust.] tengz, tongs, pincers. [ME. Zonge,

Huddersfield Dialect

taudi

tange ; OE. tange, a pair of tongs ; cp. ON. Zangir, Du. tang, a pair of pincers.] tenkliments, trmenkléments, orna- ments, trinkets ; also implements, tools. [Origin doubtful; perh. another form of Zaxglements, or things which entangle or embar- rass.] tsntem, allowance, allotted quantity, sufficient portion. [Lat. Zaeni/m, so much.] E. g.'Evenuther glass, Tom.' 'Né, lad, nue muer ; au'v zed mi fzniem.' tentrem, tantrum, a fit of ill-temper. [Origin not certain.] a terrier-dog. [ME. Zerrers, a dog which hunts rabbits, &c., in their burrows ; Fr. Zerier, the hole in the earth where ground game hides. (Lat. Zerra, earth.)] tseshil, a tassel. [OFr. Zasse/, orna- mental figure.] t&tta, a little out-door exercise for a child; hence, for grown-ups, a jaunt, outing, &c. [prob. of no etymological origin.] E.g. *¥r yo guin e muther? Let mi gu wi' yo.' In the earlier days of local tennis-clubs, they were often called '/®//@G-clubs' by sarcastic gossips. tee, tow, hemp, &c. [Cp. OE. tawian, to prepare, dress (hemp, &c.); ON. £3, tow.] tsuil, a towel ; as v6., to beat with a towel; hence to thrash. [ME. towaille ; OFr. toaille.] tmezzl, tiezl, a teasle, used for teas- ing or raising the fibres on the sur- face of cloth. [OE. i3se/, a plant with a burr-head, and so called from its use ; OE. Zxsax, to tear, tease.] tart (1), teert (1), ad;., tart, sharp, acidy ; sharp-tongued. [OE. Zearf, sharp.] tart (2), teert (2), a tart, small pie. [ME. farte; OFr. tarte.] tau, w.vo., to tie. See ti. taudi, ad7., originally seasonable, then tidy, neat, trim; also con- siderable, fairly large. [ME. iidy ;

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; e, her; 1, see ; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; gu = &+ u; 126

Page 157

taudi-betti

OE. iid, time, season.] ' Ther wer e audi number thier; muer ner wer expected.' taudi-betti, an ash-guard to keep the fire-place Z@y. See betti. tauk, a tyke, dog; low fellow. [Scand.; cp. OIcel. #72, a dog.] taul, a tile. [OE. Zigol, Higele, a tile. (Lat.)] taulob, femx.x., a hoyden, a tomboy of a girl, a romping girl. [Origin uncertain ; cp. ON. 7/27, calumny, blame + ON. 2/azpa, to leap, run, or ON. Zadba, to lob, slouch, &c.] A common word formerly, and still in use. Cp. tgllek. taum, time, season. [OE. Zima.] tauini, tini, aa7., tiny, very small. [prob. OFr. (Skt.)] taur, w.vd, to tire, weary. tirien ; OE. teorian.] taus, taust, w.vo., to tice, entice, tempt; to endear. [perb. OFr. atiser, to entice (N.E.D.).] E.g. 'Ther 'z e bit e toist ier for thi; wien't it Zarst thi?' it luks taustin, av'll eit e bit? (2) 'Them childer e thaun 'z e reit ZZ¥siz lot." taut, adv., soon. See staut. to (1), tad, p.$. ton, w.vod., to take. See tmk (2). té (2), tie (later form), tea. [Fr. tea, from Chinese.] te (3), older emphatic pronunciation of ike (they). See the. E. g. ' Will the (they) du it, thinks 'Not te maxrri, they keen't.' te (1), older tg, unemphatic forms of tee (emph.), thou. E. g. * Duz ig think au ked du it ?' ' Not tee, i» nor nout ebeet it.' See also the, thi. te (2), adv. and prep., too, to. [OE. 13, to, too.] E.g. ' It's ig mich wark tg du in e de. te-dé, to-day. Also te-moern, to- morrow ; te-nit, to-night; te-mo- ern et-nit, to-morrow night. ted, p.4., took. See te (1). ted, w.vo., to ted or spread mown grass in hay-making. [OIcel. to spread (manure).] teg (1), thou (emphatic). See to (1).

[ME.

Huddersfield Dialect

temper

teg (2), tow. See tu. tee (3), w.vd., to tow, lead, tug along. ME. OE. téeohkan, teogan, teon, to pull, draw. Cp. ON. SZiiga, toga, to tow.] E.g. ' Au teed th' dog wom wi' sum (string). teen, a village, town. [ME. Zouz ; OE. fin, a fence, farm, village.] In the form -ton, sometimes town, the word is a common suffix-a prefix less commonly-in both place-names and sur-names; e.g. Burton, Hopton, Lepton, Nether- ton, Overton ; Fartown, Newtown, &c. Burton, Lupton, Middleton, Newton ; Townend, Townley, &c. tegen-get, town-gate, a frequent name for the road leading through the centre of a village. teent, w.v6., to taunt. See tont. teer, a tower. [ME. four; OFr. H7, tour.] teerd(2), teed(z), prep., toward, to- wards. [ME. Zowardes ; OE. adj., toweard.] E.g. (1) ' Au s5 im guin tegrad th' wud e bit sin.' (2) ' Wat ser te been te du Zeerds (feerd) pe-in mi wat the ouz (owes) mi?' tegr; (1), and (2). See tart (1) and (2

tei, to tie, See ti (1). teich, teicht, tout, w.vd., to teach, show. [ME. fecker; OE. {scan, to show.] teicher, a teacher. teiler, a tailor. [ME. fay/lor; OFr. tailleor, tailleur, a cutter.] The word is also common as a local family-name, Zay/o7. teim, to teem, pour. See tiem (1). teiz. See tigz. tel (1), teil, the tail of an animal. [ME. Zayl; OE. tzegel, tail.] tai (2), a tale, narrative ; story. [ME. tale; OE. tszel, talu, a number; tale.] tell, p./. telld, toud, w.v6., to tell, narrate; obsolete in sense of to count. [OE. Ze//ax, to count, or number.] temd, teemed. See tim. temper, w.v5., to soften butter be- fore the fire, and Zewiper or mix it

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar; oi, boil; ou = o + u; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

127

Page 158

temps

with a knife. [ME. Zeiprer ; OE. temprian, to regulate, qualify, tem- per. (Lat.).] temps, tems, a coarse sieve for hops in brewing. [OE. Zemes, a sieve; cp. Du. Zems, sieve.] ten, taken. See té (1), tmk (2). [OE. feo(#)/ka,tenth.] tent (2), w.vod., to look after, tend. [Contraction of aiffext, attend, from OFr. atendre, to wait, heed. (Lat.)] An engine-tenter is one who looks after an engine. tent (3), w.v6., to try, probe, clean a wound. [ME. Zexifexm, Fr. fenter, to try, probe.] 'Au Zexted th' weend wi' e nidl.' tenter, a long wooden framework for stretching and drying cloth ; it generally used to be placed in a field. [MFr. fextwre, a stretch- ing. (Lat.)] teéstril, a rascal, violent fellow, rogue, a loose liver. [Derivation uncer- tain; but prob. connected with OFr. Zeste, the head.] teu, tiu, w.v6., to tug at, pull ; try hard, persevere with; work hard. [ME. fZawen, tewen ; prob. OE.. feohan, teon, to pull, draw, the oldest form of which is *Ze#Zax, to draw.] E.g. (1) 'Au feud wi' t job, wol au wer feer taurd. (2) 'Thi dog duz Ze et thzt buen (bone).' (3) 'Ah, u 'z e reit Zeer, izn't u?' teu-in ors, a towing-horse, one used to help the shaft-horse in a cart with a heavy load ; a boat-horse. the (th = dh), unemphatic form of tha, thee (emphat.), thou. [OE. thi.} See te (1), tha. E.g. (1) 'Those wien't du it, will ig?" ' Nou, will Zee?" (2) 'Wat ar Hz (or te) grumblin xt, éAege gret nuppit ?? (3) ' Au'll gi sixpins teedz it, if £22 will' 'Ne (nay) ; é2z'rt e fuil fer te giv sue mich.' thek, a thatch, roof. [ME. thak; OE. thzec, or ON. thak, thekja.] theiker,athatch- er. [OE. Hhaeccere, theccere.]

Hudderspeld Dialect

them

Hence come the common local sur- names of T heaker (pronounced Theiker, Thigker), and 7TAackeray, or Thackray. (dh), $roz. and ad7., that. [OE. thoet.] An older form is tgt, now nearly obsolete. E.g. 'W te a # dinner neg?' ' Au will i2, au'm ungri.' tha, thee (dh), emphatic form of thse, thou. See ths. thau, thaun (dh), prox., thi, unemph., thy. [OE.thin.] E.g.(1) ¢ Tha muther'z bigger ner maun ; bet fzther'z nuen (not) bigger ner maun.' (2) ' Iz this £k@# buk ?' ' Nou, it's kann. thaubl, thibbl (older form), a smooth stick for stirring porridge while cooking. [Origin uncertain: (a) a variant of or dipple = dip + el (instrum.) from OE. dyppan, to plunge, dip ; (b) connected with ON. Hkefja (pret.t. thafthi), to stir porridge (E Dial. Dicty. under te &' to lik e lien thaubl, a meta- phorical expression meaning to have to live on very small means. See lien. the (dh), pers.prox., the (unemph.), they. [ME. éZei?; Scand.; cp. Icel. Zkeir, they,. Not from OK. hie, they.] E.g. ' The keen't kzerri it.'. ' ZZze(y) zrn't strong inuf.' the? (dh), tee, tha, emphatic forms of #kze = thou. See thee. theem, older pronunciation of /m. [OE. kiima.] theer (dh), pers.prox., ther (un- emph.), their. [ME. ON. theira, their.] See the, theezend, aa;., thousand. [OE. £k#- send.] theik. See thick. theiv, w.vo., to thieve, rob. See thief, thiev. thek, thk, w.v5., to thatch, cover. [OE. to cover, or ON. thekja.} See thmek. them (dh), Zem:.ad7., those. [ON. dative plur. or OE. d.pl. thoem, used as an adjective.] Note that whenever is used in this

& as a in glad; &, far; au, form ; a, mate; e, pen ; e, her; 1, see; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put; gu = 128

Page 159

ther

dialect it is demonstrative, with a noun, expressed o» understood, following it. E. g. (1) ' Liik et Hem childer lekin i' t muk.!' (2) Taek thier (Hhings) wom wi' thi.' ther (dh), unemphatic form of theer, which see. therséln, thersélnz; thersén, ther- sénz, themselves. See seln. thi (dh), per.prox., thi (1), (wnemph.), thee. [OE. £22, thee.] thi (2) (dh), prox. (wnemph.), thy. See thau. thiséln, thisén (dh), thyself. thi, the thigh. [ME. He/; OE. Zkeok, thiok, thigh]. thibbl. See th&aubl. thief, thif (later form), a thief. [ME. theef ; OE theof, thiof, robber.] thiev, theiv, to thieve, rob. [OE. thiek, theik, w.v5., to stroke gently. [OE. HRaccian, to touch gently, pat, stroke.] E.g. 'Si-thi'! Th' chauld 'z thigkin (theikin)t kext, en' mekin it sing thri-thrumz (causing it to purr).' thier (dh), adv., there. [ME, £227, thir; OFE. ther.} An old em- phatic form is théier, as in-(said slowly)' ! the 'z lettn enuther kup £51, en' brokkn it!' thiez (dh), thiz (later form), des.ad7., these. [ME. ékise, these; OE,. Zkas, thas, those.] thik, ad;., thick; close together; hence very friendly ; in love. [OE. thicce.] E.g. (1) 'Duen't bi se thik wy im, lsd, i 'z nuen (not) e guid suert for thi.' (2) 'Yond tu lessez ez "ez Hkik ez Dick en' Liddy ".' (3) 'Au think Jane Ann 'z varri ik wi' im, izin't u?? ' E-ah'! ther guin te bi wed suin.' thill, a post, pole, a cart-shaft. [OE. thille, thin board, plank ; a stake.] Very little used now except among farmers. th' ill upe' war = the evil upon (or following on) worse; a phrase used to describe (@) calamity following on calamity; then (4) ironically and humorously, an impish boy

Hudderspeld Dialect

thorp

joining a group (say) of other young rogues ; thus: 'Eh! " th' /Z upe war" kummin nee!' Hence (c), absolutely, any mischievous or worthless fellow ; e.g. ' Yond Bill Sauks ez e reit baed-en, i 'z feer th ill upe war!? thiml, a thimble. [OE. £A2yzme/.] thingemtibob, anything of which the name cannot be at once re- called. think, ./, thout, w.v5., to think. [OE. think on, to remember. E.g. (1) 'Au keen't Hkink on ¢ that nomini et wons.' (2) (Speaker, hesitating and scratching his head) -'Se...g...e. &! au kan't kinZ on wat they kolln im !' theu, thiu, .p. thon, to thaw, melt (snow). [ME. kowes ; OE,. Hkawian, to thaw.] thoddek, thoddeki, ac7;., heavy, sad, sluggish, dumpy. [Origin uncer- tain, prob. Scand.?] Obsolescent. thokki, thokkish, ad., sluggish, heavy, dull, dumpy. [ON. H#egya, thagga? (Skt.).] Obsolescent. thoil, w.v5., to bear, endure; be- grudge, spare; to be willing to. [ME. ikolien; OE. tholian, to suffer, endure.] E.g. (1) ' Au keen't thoil te si e dog er kxt poisd ebeet lauk thet." (2) ken im iz gud-luk, i'z it.' (3) ' Wi ken £2oil im summet te eit siverli.' (4) ' Nou, aust' er te zy nue muer thingz e mifzther'z ; u 'z ad ebiun er sheer (share). thon, p.p., thawed. See tho. Thong, the name of two villages west of Holme valley :-Uvugr (Upper) 7T Zpng, and Nether (Lower) Thong. [OE. thwang, a thong, a strip of pliable material-as leather, willow, &c.] ZZonrg denotes a place formerly fenced with inter- laced willows or similar boughs. thorp, a village. [OE. £orp; but cp. OlIcel. orp; Dan. torp.] A local place-name and sur-name, as : Gawthorpe, Goldthorpe, Ravens- thorpe, Skelmanthorpe ; Thorp(e).

ege, pear; ei, reign; ou, = ie, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o+u; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; dl forgl ; tl for cl.

$280

129 5

Page 160

Thorslend

Thorslend, Thurstonland, a village high on the east side of Holme valley. [Scand., or OE. TAoystanes land, i.e. the land of ThAur- stan.) thout, thought. See think. thrmeng, ad;. See throng. thrmeppl. See throppl. thrust. See thrust. thrauvy, p./. thréev, thruev, throvyn, thrivyn (late form), sir. vb., to thrive, grow larger. [ME. thriven; ON. thrifask, thrifa.] thre, threm, fre, prep., from. [OE. fram, fra, the f being interchanged with - is the usual form in use in this district. E.g. (1) 'Wi'n wokt (we've walked) 227g Leeds te-dé.' (2) 'Tha'll za nue muer bress (money) mi, au ken tell thi.' threp, w.v6., to chide, scold, quarrel. See thriep. thresh, $./, thresht, #.p. thresht, thrushn (older form), w.vo., to thrash, beat. [ME. iAresker ; OE. thressl, the threshold of a doorway. [OE. Hkerscwald.] thrévy, throve. See thrauyv. thribbl, tribbl, a@;., triple, treble, threefold. [OFr. ired/e.] thrid, thried, thread. [ME. reed, thred ; OE. thread, lit. ® that which is (Skt.).] thriep, thréep, w.v5., to reproach, chide ; hence to ' call' one another, to quarrel. [OE. ikréapian, to reprove, chide, scold.] E.g. (1) 'The ifhrieps t chauld saedli te mich, en' then thse marz it te mek up for it" (2) ' U 'z dlis Zrigpin wi' t' néeéberz ; u'll nier me (make) ne frendz, lauk that.' thriet, a threat. [ME. OE. threat.] thrietn, w.v5., to threaten. thrippins, threepence. thrithrumz, the purring of a cat; any short, buzzing sound ; hence a short time. [prob. £Zxee+ Icel. thruma, a drum, noise, &c.]. E.g. (1) see under thigk above. (2)

H udderspeld Dialect

thrusn up

'Wet on mi (wait for me), au'll bi reddi nee r' HAritkrumz. thro, threu, thriu, p.p. thron, str.vb., to throw, hurl ; to twist or turn in a lathe. [OE. to twist, hurl, whirl, turn.] thro, a 'throw ' or lathe, a machine for 'turning" wood or metals with appropriate tools. throddi, ad;., stout, well-fed, portly, plump. [prob. Scand.; cp. Olcel. throttigr, vigorous.] - Obsolescent. throit, thruit (older form), the throat. [ME. ikrote ; OE. Hhrotu, throte.] throng, thrmeng (older form), throng, busy, crowded. [OE. ge- thrang,athrong ; from vb. thringan, thrang,-thrungen,to crowd, press.] E.g. (1) 'Wat wi' t' bekin (bak- ing) en' wat w' t' childer au'm feer throng te-de! (2) ' Au'll tell thi waxet; fugeks ez feer éhrpm»g on (crowded) i' this reem.' (3) A neighbourly greeting to another busy at work: 'Yo'r rong lauk, au si. Wen zr yo been te a' dun ?' throppl, thrmeppl (older form), the gullet, wind-pipe. [Either a vari- ant of or, more probably, a contraction of OE. the wind-pipe.] throsl, the throstle or thrush. [OE. throslé.] throvyn, #.p., thriven. See thrauyv. thruen, a throne. [OFr. Zroxe. (Lat., Gk.)] thruevy, thrév, p.6., throve. thrauv. thrumz (1), the ends of warps cut off from the loom ; formerly much used to make household mops and floor-cloths. [ME. rum; ON. thriomr, the edge of a thing.] thrumz (2). See thri-thrumsz. thrust, p.¢. thrist, p.p. thrusn, str.vb., to thrust, push hard. [ME. thrusten, to push ; Olcel. thrysta, to thrust.] thrusn up, over-crowded, Pushed close together. E.g. (1) Wi'r fkrusn up v this rum lauk

See

&e as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate; e, pen; g, her; 1, see; i, bit; 0, note ; 0, not ; ¢, oil; u, brute; u, put ; &+ u; 130

Page 161

thrut

yerrinz (herrings) in e baerril.' (2) * Yond lzed'z e weklin (weakling) ; i olis luks #$ 1' t' shulderz.' (3) 'Streit up, en' deen £Ar#sz,' a phrase much used formerly to describe a person of erect bearing and solidly ' built '. thrut, a throw, thrust, push; an effort, try, attempt; also (jig.) a moment. [Origin uncertain. Cp. Lanc. a push, &c.; from OE. iAryccan, to thrust, push. Also cp. ON. £kr0ttr, toil, throttigr, vigorous.] E.g. (1) ' Let mi zv e thrut set it, en' si if au ken mek it work.' (2) 'Au'll bi kummin tu thi in e ' Thump, the local name for Long- wood Feast (Fair). {[Origin uncer- tain, prob. kemp, a noise, din, blow ; cp. OIcel. Zxmpa, to thump.] thunner, thunder. [OE. thunner-tlok, a thunder-clock, a black-becetle. Thurstonland. See Thorslend. (a a thwaite, or clear- ing ; a portion of reclaimed land. [Scand.; cp. Icel. cleared land.] The word is a frequent suffix of place-names, as Gun- thwaite (pron. Linthwaite (Linfit), Slaithwaite (Slzewit) ; also of surnames, as Thwaite, Waite, Micklethwaite, &c. thwittle, more frequently twittl and wittl (which see), to cut. ti, thi, $er.pro., thee; also thou. [OE. £/k2, thee, ik#, thou. See thi, thi (1).] E.g. (1) 'Wilti- shalti'= wilt thou, shalt thou, i.e. whether you will or will not-you must. (2) ° Sit ¥? deen mun, duen't gue yet,' (sit thee down man, don't go yet). ti, tei, tid, teid, tin, tid, teid, w.vo., to tie, fasten. [OE. tiegan, to draw together, tie.] t1, a tie, knot, bow. tie, té (older form), tea. See te (2). tiem (1), tim, teim, tiemd, timd, teimd, temd, w.vo., to teem, pour, empty. [ON. izenia, to empty.]

Dialect til

tiem (2), a team, number, esp. of horses. [ME. Zeem ; OE. team, a family, offspring.] tieth, tith, teeth. of otk, tooth.] tiethi (th =dh), testy, irritable, touchy. [prob. ME. Ze@re, Hyddre; OE. Hzeder, tydre, tidder, frail, weak, soft.] E.g. 'Duen't gu nier thi gronmuther fer e bit, lzess ; u's e bit this moernin.' tiez, teiz (less often), w.v5., to tease, pull out, pluck; to vex, annoy, plague. [ME. OE. isan, to pluck, pull.] tiezer, a teaser, one who works a wool-teasing machine. tiezl, a teasle. See tmzl. tig (rarely tik), tigd (tikt), older p.p. tign, w.vd., to touch lightly ; properly to challenge or accuse, as in the children's game of (called in full 'tiggeri-tiggeri-tuchwud '), in all the varieties of which the essential purpose of tigging seems to be some form of challenging- either to pursue, or to become a kind of prisoner, or a rescuer. The game is very likely immemorially old. [prob. OE. a contrac- tion from */ikaz, to censure, ac- cuse, challenge; stem ZZ > ig, (tic).] E.g. 'Charlie wien't lek feer: au'v Zigzn (¥igd) im, en' i wien't run after mi.' tikkl, tittl, kittl, w.v5., to tickle, to keep on touching lightly. [ME. tickien, frequentative of Zek, to touch lightly ; cp. ON. 2i#%a, to tickle, and OE. citelian.] See kittl 2). tikk1l, ac7;., tickle, delicate, requiring careful treatment. E.g. (1) *'Au duen't lauk this job, it's e vaerri tikkl en? (2) 'Tom's vaerri tikkl te diel wi'.' (3) 'It's #2247 wether, izn't it ?' tik-tsek, a tick-tack, a second of time. E.g. 'Stop e bit, au'll bi wi' thi in e #4-/a4. til, prep. (rare), to ; conz. (frequent), until, while, [ME. #7; Scand.; cp. Olcel. #7, to.] E.g. (1) 'Put

[OE. £2t¥ ; plur.

eg, pear; oi, reign ; eu = o+u; ie, pier ; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o +u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

131

Page 162

tillij sum water #7 it, mun ' (rare). (2) 'Au wer sue dun up, #7 au ad te gu te bed ' (frequent). tillij, tillage, manure, &c. [OE. £57, adj., useful, productive.] tilth, produce, growth, cultivation. [OE. £/th, gain, crop.] tim, w.v5., to teem, pour out. tiem (1). tini, ad7., tiny, very small. See tauni. ting (1), w.vo., to sting, prickle. See teng. ting (2), tink, tinkl, w.v5., to sound, ring, vibrate; tinkle, [ME. ##zx- ken.] tinkler, a tinker-who makes a tinkling or ringing sound as he hammers. tippl, to tilt, upset, stumble over; pour out. [Freq. of #p, to tilt; Scand.; cp. ON. Z&yppa, to tip; Swed. #ppa, to tap, touch gently.] E.g. (1) ' Au H#ppIZ ovver e stuen en' then dl t' petets eet e' mibzeg.' (2) ¢ Zipp/e bukkit e' waxtter on t' flzgz en' swill em. tit, adj., tight, close; drunk. [ME. tikht; Scand.; cp. Olcel, Hhéttr; Swed. £&f4] E.g. (1) 'Ti that bundil 452." (2) (Ez (later Zait) ez e luerd (lord)'-said of a man quite drunk. tit (1), a small horse; small bird. [ON. a tit ; bird.]

See

tit (2), a teat, nipple. [OE. £iH?, a teat.] titlin, a little bird-any of the ' tits '. See gouk.

titti, mother's milk. tittl, w.vd. See tikkl. tiun, w.v6., to tune ; to keep in good order or condition-esp. woollen machinery, the person who does this being called a machine To' tune ' a child also, boy or girl, is to keep it in order by the old method of it. [ME. tune; OFr. a tune or sound.]

NoTrE. The initial letters t/- in all the words following represent the pronunciation, in this dialect, of initial C/- in the corresponding

Hudderspeld Dialect

tlark modern English words. See ene, p. 52. tleg, a clag, clot, lump of earth or clay. [prob. Scand.; cp. Dan. klagge, sticky mud, clay ; related to OE. c/zg, clay.] tleg, w.vo., to clag, to be sticky, form lumps, clot ; obstruct. E.g. (1) 'Au duen't lauk dueh kek, it t/zgz t' meeth up sue' (2) 'T drein-paup (drain-pipe) ez gettn reit H/zegd up wi' muk en' rzegz, en sich lauk.' tleggi, ad};., claggy, sticky like clay. E. g. ' Au me nout e (make nothing of) thi toffi ; it's te fer mau fzensi.' tlk, tlek, w.vo., to clack, make a noise like a hen; clatter. [ME. clacken ; prob.imitative word. Cp. OIcel. Z/aka, to chatter.] tlekker, clacker, the clapper or ' of a bell. tlem, tlem (infrequent), w.v0., to clam, famish, be without food, starve. [prob. OE. clemman, to fetter, bind, imprison ; hence to pine, starve; from OE. a bond, prison.] E.g. (1) 'Au's nuen eit that stuff: au's H/zem te t' dieth forst!' (2) 'That dog luks feer ; giv it summet te eit, prethi !' tleng, p.4., clung. See tling. tlep (1), w.v6., to clap hands, strike. [ME. clappen ; prob. Scand. Cp. OIcel. flappa, to pat, clap, make a noise.] tlep (2), w.v6., to clap or put down, place, set. [prob. same as H#xp (1), in sense of 'to put down E.g. (1) '7T/zep th' beskit on t' fluer, en' rest thie bit" (2) 'The men £/zp t' pots 1' t' kubberd en' duen't breik onni on em." tlark, tleerk (1), w.vo., to clark, scold, 'lecture'; hence to talk domineeringly, or impudently, to. [prob. from c¢ZezZ, a cleric or clergy- man (OE. cleric; Lat. clericus), whose importance in a parish as its 'father' would often, formerly, lead him to 'lecture' members of

& as a in glad; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate; e, pen; e, her; 1, see; i, bit; 0, note; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u = &+ u;

I 32

Page 163

tlark

his flock.] (1) ' Yoer Emma sz te long e tung ; u 'z dlis Harkin er felli (husband) wol i guez te th' el-ees eet e' th' get on er (out of her way).' (2) Father, to impu- dent daughter: 'Tha'r e lot te forred (too forward), tha »zrt ; but tha'll nuen &' te mi if the tlarks thi muther :; au st' &' nuen ¢ thi impident bak-tok.' tlark (2), tleerk, to marry, join in marriage; hence, figuratively, to tie, to fasten two ends of string or yarn together in a knot. [The same origin as (1) above.] E.g. (1) To be Harkt (or parsnd) is to be married by a cleric. (2) An old hand-loom weaver, describ- ing a wok (which see), said to me: 'Wen wi'd warpt won koppin, wi tHlarkt th' end on't (of it) on te t' biginnin ¢' t' neist (next).' I have heard it used similarly by other old people. tlart, tleert, w.v0., to clart, to splash or flip dirt on anyone, to soil. [ME. clarten, to soil, dirty.] A boy calls out:-'Muther! Yar Janie 'z Harted mi i' t feés (face) wi' t' dish-tleet.' tlaum, tlim (older form), tluem, tlem, tlum, s/iz.vo., to climb. [OE. climman, clemban.] tlech. See tlek (1). tleed, a cloud,-a mass of vapours looking like rocks or hills in the sky. [OE. c/Ziéd, a round mass, rock, hill.] tleet, a clout, a patch ; also a blow with the open hand. [OE. ¢Zié, a patch ; a piece of cloth, &c.] Tlegg, Clegg, a frequent local sur- name, perhaps the same as CZey, another surname more frequent in Lancashire. [Perh. a variant of clag, and related to OE. clay.] See tlmg. tlek (1), tlech, a cletch or hatch of chickens ; a ' sitting' of eggs. [Scand. ; cp. Icel. 2/7ek7a, to hatch.] tlek (2), cleck or clack ; saucy 'back- talk'; scolding-usually nine '; impertinence. (See tlgk,

Huddersfield Dialect

tlik

vb.) 'If au se out (say any- thing) te yar Anna Maria, u'z olis reddi te giv mi baek e lot e 2/e%." tlie, t10, a claw ; p/ur. tlies, tlog. [OE. clawu, and clea, claw.] tliek, tlok, w.vd., to scratch with the claws. [ME. ¢/PZen, cléechen, to seize with claws or hands.] E.g. ' Wat's them marks on thi and ?' 'T' kat's Hight (Hokt) mi wit it t/oks wen au wer lekin wi' it. See tlok, and tlik. tliem, tleim (less frequent), w.v5., to cleam or clame, to smear, spread over-as butter, treacle, &c., upon bread. [OE. to smear, daub, anoint ; cp. ON. AZeinia, to daub.] E.g. (1) ' Au lauk t' best weet mi fxzther yiust (used) te kol thium-shauvzs ; th nor (knows)- them et the £/zenez t' butter on reit thik wi' thi thum-nél (thumb-nail).' (2) * TZiem t' lsd enuther shauy (slice) wi' plenti trekl on it.' tlien, ad;., clean ; quite (adv.). [OK. pure, clean.] tlievy (1), tluev, tlev, pp. tlovyn, str.vb., to cleave, split. [OE. c¢/éo- an.] tliev (2), $.¢. tlievd, tlev, p.7. tlievd, w.v5., to cleave, cling, hold on. [OE. cleofian, clifian, to ad- here, cling.] tliff, cliff, a high rock, a steep hill. [OE. cZif, a rock, &c.; cp. ON. klif, kleif, a headland.] The word occurs frequently as a suffix in local place-names and surnames, e.g. Cowcliffe, Birchencliffe Green- cliffe, Cliff End, &c.; Hinchcliffe and Hinchliffe, Sutcliffe, Biltcliffe, &c. tlift, tluft, tluff, a cleft or gap in a hill-side, a deep, narrow valley between two hills [Scand.; cp. OIcel. Swed. Alyft.] See tluff. tlik, tlik (not often), w.vo. to cleek or clutch, catch at, snatch ; scratch. [ME. cZxcchen, clicchen ; OFE. clyc- can, to seize.] E.g. (1) ' Wen au sheud er th' enkerch, u £/Z2? it eet e mi zendz, en' ren of wi' it.! (2)

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu= e+u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil; ou = o ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; dl for gl; tlfor cl.

133

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tlim

the guez inte t' sheu (show), duen't gu te nier t' lions, er the 'll tlik thi wi' ther tlies.' tlim, to climb. See tlaum. tlinker, a hard cinder. (Du. 2//z2er.] tlinkin, part. ad}., clinking, very fine, capital. [Slang.] tlip (1), w.vo., to clip, cut, shear. [ON. 2lippa, to cut.] tlip (2), w.v6., to clip, clasp, embrace. [OE. c[yppan, to clasp.] E.g. 'U Hlipt t' chauld in er eermz, en' feer kraud (cried) ovver it, puer thing.' tlip (3), w.v6., to clip or call, used only (so far as I know) in the phrase ' to clip in', to 'chime' or 'chip' into the conversation between two or more persons. [prob. OE. clipian, to call out, &c.] E.g. (1) 'Tha'r olis cligppin in wi' thi tok wen the »rn't waented.' (2) 'Th' parsen wer tokin te tuethri on ez, wen up kum that nuppit, en' estied ¢ arknin e bit, i #ZZp7 streit in te sx wat wi wer tokin ebeet.' tlivver (1), adj., clever; active, smart. [ME. cZiver, ready to seize; alert ; allied to OE. c/zfer, a claw.] E. g. ' Thi father kips vaerri #zvver on iz fit fer e oud maxen.' tlivver-dik, a clever-dick, one who boastfully claims to be very smart with brains or limbs; a 'know-all'. tlivver (2), w.v5., to 'clivver', to climb. [ME. eZiver, to climb; ON. A/ifa, klifra, to climb. Cp. OE. clifian, to adhere.] E.g. Enquirer, to old friend ; © Ben, did you ever hear the word " ¢/ivver ", meaning to climb?' Pez : 'Eh-ah! au'v yiuzd it misén monni e duzn taumz-lauk this: "au /Zvverd ovver t' wol," en' "au so im /ivver up t' speet (spout) lauk e munki ".' Eng.: * Well, d' you know, I think it's an O/@ Norse word, Ben.! B. innocently punning : 'Eh-ah ! it iz en' ol ! au rekkn it's bueth e od en, en' e reit zazs en !' t10, a claw. See tlie. tlog, a clog, a block of wood used as a chopping-bench ; also a kind of

Dialect

tlueth

shoe with thick woodezx soles in- stead of leather ones. [ME. clog, a log, clump; cp. Norw. 2/xgx, a hard log.] tlogger, one who makes clogs for wear. tlois (p/iuz. tloisez), a close, a field enclosed with walls or hedges. [See tloiz.] tlois, ad;., closed up, close, near; greedy, secretive. E.g. ' It's nue guid zssin (asking) im fer out (aught), other braess er news,-1'2 e fois en, 1 iz." tloiz, w.v6., to close, shut up. [ME. closen ; OFr. clos.] tlok, a claw ; a scratch or mark with a claw ; as vo. to scratch with claws, to seize, snatch, grab. [ME. s/oZe, a claw ; c/léken, to seize with claws or hands; cp. OE. c¢Zyccam, to clench, seize, clutch.] See tligk, and tlik. tlok (1), w.vd., to cluck like a hen. [ME. clokken; OE. clyccian, to cluck ; prob. an imitative word.] tlok (2), a beetle, a 'black-clock'. [Origin uncertain.] tlomp, tlomp, tlump, w.v0., to clomp, or tread heavily and noisily. [prob. imitative; cp. tlump (2) below.] E.g. Boy, listening agape at elder brother's ghost-tale:; ' Wor it e guest?' Brother : ° Well, tha ken judge fer thisén. Wen it ed bin #/ompin up en' deen e bit, au krept eet e bed en' inte t' tuther riim te si wat it wor; bet au ked si nother nout ner nuebdi! - Bet ez suin ez au'd gettn bak inte bed it get eget egien, nobbet slower : ... tlomp, . . . tlomp, ... tlomp-yust lauk thet! Au felt feer fleéd,- ommest te t' dieth !' tlot, a lump; coagulated matter. [OE. clott, a lump.] tlot, aa@v., clotted, stiff ; chiefly in the phrase 'Z/o¢-koud', i.e. quite cold, stiffened. tlovyn, cloven. See tliev (1). tluem, tlum, $.Z., climbed, clomb. See tlaum. tlueth, cloth; p/z»x. tlues, clothes,

& as a in glad ; a, far; au, form ;

é, mate ; e, pen; e, her; 1, see;

i, bit; 6, no e ; o, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; #u = &+ u; 134

Page 165

tluever

garments. [ME. clofk, clatk ; OE. clath.] tluever, clover. [ME. caver; OE. clafre, clzefre, a trefoil plant.] tluff, a clough, ravine; a narrow, deep valley in a hill-side ; lit., that which is cleft. [ME. clouxg/ ; from OE. clufan, cléofan, to cleave, split. Cp. Olcel. 2/xf?. See tlift.]

A very common name in the West- Riding foot-hills, both separately and in compounds; e.g. Crimble Clough, Dryclough, Seller's Clough, clough- house, clough-top ; and in surnames: Clough, Barrowclough, &c.

tlum, #$.4, clomb, climbed. tlaum. tlump (1), a clump, lump; heap. [Related to OE. cZyimmpre, a lump, mass of metal.] tlump (2), w.v6., to tread noisily as

See

if the feet were heavy lumps. See tlomp, tlomp. tlump-yed, lump-yed, a 'big

noodle ', a brainless fellow. tlunt, w.vo., to make a loud noise, esp. with the feet. Not common. [prob. a variant of tlump (2).] tlunter (1), w.vd., to clunter, or clatter loudly. [A frequentative of tlunt.] E.g. ' OI th' childer kum t/untgrin up t? stairs wi' ther tlogz.' tlunter (2), w.vd., to cluster, to crowd or gather close together. [prob. connected with tlump (1), a mass, heap.] E. g. ' Wi ol tlois te t' faur, it wer sue koud.' tlutter, w.vod., to clatter, to fall noisily-as a heap of loose stones, or a pile of dishes, falling down. [A variant form of clatter; prob. Scand. ; cp. ON. a rattling ; also OE. clatrung, a rattle, drum, &c.] Cp. tlunter (1). tluther, w.v5., to cluster or crowd together. [ME. cZogerex, to cluster ; to form a ball or clot.] E.g. ' Ther'z nue faur i' t' reem, su wi' st' x tg iHluther tlois tegether te kip uz-senz warm lauk.'

to, to taw, to strike or knock, at 'marbes', one marble against

Huddersfield Dialect

tont

another by forcing it from between thethumb and fingers. [prob. ME. tawen ; OE. tawian, to prepare, dress (leather), to beat.] to, a taw, the marble used to taw or knock the other with. It is gener- ally an olli (which see), or some marble easy to distinguish. w.vo., to drag on, struggle on ; try hard. [prob. ON. to linger, delay ; cp. OE. Zeorian, to tire.] 'It's sno-in ard, bet au st' a' te Zogr on thru it, er els au's' nier get wom te nit.' toff, ady}., tough, hard to chew or break ; hence difficult to persuade or overcome. [OE. 70%, tough.] E. g. 'Joss ez e tof en ; i'll du nout i duzn't want

Note. An older pronunciation was toh, with the final aspirate sounded, as in troh, iniuh, woh, which see.

toit, toi-in the phrase 'te kip i' toit (oz 1' toi)", which means to keep in view or sight, to watch over, tend ; hence to keep occupied, en- gage attention. [ME. ; OE. totian, to peep out, view, look, pro- trude.] E.g. (1) 'Kip t' chauld i' toit (to?) wol au kum bak." (2) ' If au'v nout els te du, au ken olis kip misén i' Zoi? (i.e. occupied) 1' t' gardin.' toist, tuest, toast, scorched bread. [OFr. toast.] tok, w.vo., to talk. [ME. ZalZkex, to talk ; cp. OE. Za/Zzax, to account ; ON. Zala, to talk, tell.] tolle, tallow. [ME. ; Scand.; cp. OIcel. ; Swed. Zaig, tallow.] tol-lol, ad7., nearly drunk ; ' fresh. tombG, a silly fellow; a 'harum- scarum '; a romper. [prob. same as fommboy, a boyish, romping girl. Compound of Zone + doy.] tom-spinner, or ' daddy-long-legs ' ; a crane-fly. tont, teent, w.v6., to taunt, reproach ; tempt, provoke, incite. [Perh. OFr. Lanter, tenter, to tempt, provoke, &c.; but see N.E.D.] E.g. (1) 'They Zonted mi et au dursen't feit

ee, pear; ei, reign; eu, = e+ u; ie, pier; iu, fow ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl; tl for cl.

135

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toppin

im ; bet they wp» kazept (surprised) wen au ped (beat) im.' (2) liks ruesi en' raup ; the'r feer toppin, the forelock of hair on the forehead. [OE. zop, a tuft on the top of anything.] E.g. ' Th' orse ez sue kwaut 'et it nier nidz e elter ; au ken lied it bi t' Zoppir.' torl, toil, w.vd., to trill or turn round. [ME. iviller ; Scand.; cp. Swed. trilla ; Dan. trille, to roll, turn round.] ' Thi niu koit fits wil 1 t' frunt ; (¢oil) thi reend en' let's luk et th' bak. ... Ea, it'll torl, toil, a tirl or wheel-of a cart, barrow, &c. ; lit., that which trills or turns. E.g. 'Eh, th' barre tor/'z kumn reit off ! ' torlin, a small roundish piece of coal or peat. to-rmeg, a taw-ragman, a hawker of children s toys, marbles, toffee, &c., who used to go round the villages with a home-made push-cart carry- ing his wares. These he sold in exchange for rags and bones, &c. He announced his presence by 'to-to-ing' on a small trumpet. Hence, probably, his name. tormoit, torment (E.). [prob. a cor- rupt pronunciation of Zorment.] tormuchil, a troublesome, mischiev- ous child (E.). tot, a small drinking-glass ; also a little child. [Scand. ; cp. Dan. £of ; OIcel. small.] toul (1), w.v6., to toll or pull a bell. [ME. £ol/ex, to draw, pull, entice.] toul (2), a toll, tax, charge. [OE. Zoll, tribute.] toul-bar, a toll-bar or gate, with toll- house near, formerly placed at the junction of roads to enable tolls to be collected from passengers, vehicles, &c. tout, taught. See teich. touzer, prison. Properly, a Zo/sez, or Zolsey, i.e. a tollbooth, or place where fines and tolls were collected. Those unable or unwilling to pay were detained in custody. Hence a prison. [Cp. toul (2).]

Dialect

treil-unt

trmddl. See treddl. trem, a log or beam of wood, a pole, a rail; a wooden frame on which to place things. [prob. Scand.; cp. Norw. fram, a wooden door- step, Fraam, a frame.] trmenklements. See trmp, w.vo., to trap or catch unex- pectedly, especially a finger or limb. [ME. frappe; OE. treppe, a snare or gin.] tressl. See tressl. trmt, treated. See triet. trmuil (1), a trowel, mason's tool. [ME. ; OFr. truele.] trguil (2), truant. See trouil. trau, w.v5., to try, attempt ; select, &c. [ME. ; Fr. trier.] traul, a trial. tre, trei, the three in cards. treis, three.] treddl, trgddl, treidl, a treadle, or thing to tread on ; a pedal. [ME. tredil ; OFE. tredel, a step, treadle.] See treid. treens (1), to trounce, beat. trons (1). treens (2), to trounce or walk about. See trons (2). treest, and trest, triest (rarer forms), w.vo., to trust, have faith in. [ME. iriist, trust; Scand.; cp. OIcel. izaust, trust, and freysta, to trust.] E.g. 'Thae'r sue gomliss wol au keen't ireest thi wi' out (with All three forms of the word are now obsolescent: dis- placed by ' trust '. treezez, trousers. [Fr. trunk-hose, breeches.] treid, tried, .5. tred, trad, trued, p.p. treddn, troddn, sir.vo., to tread. [OE. p.t. trsed, to tread.] treil, trel, w.v5., to trail, drag along. [ME. ; trailler, to tow a boat.] treil-unt, a trail-hunt, in which dogs, whippets or 'running-dogs', are 'matched ' in a race after a man (or men) with a long 'start' allowed him, who a big rag (often ' scented ') over several fields in a

[AFr.

See

trousses,

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen; e, her; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; = 136

Page 167

trek]

marked course. The sport is still practised in villages on the moor- sides, and can be very exciting to watch. I have known dead rabbits or hares used in the ' trail '.

tréekl, tratl, trigkl, treacle. See triek1l. treml, w.v5., to tremble. [Fr. Zrem- bler.]

treps, w.v5., to traipse, to tramp or trail about like a slattern; walk heavily or wearily. [Origin obscure (N.E.D.).] E.g. Au £répst ebeet sikin im, wol au wer feer taurd.' treps, a slattern, an untidy or careless person, usually feminine. trepst, part.ad;., draggled, dirty. tresh, trash, w.v6., to tramp about till tired ; to walk vigorously about, especially through mud or snow. [prob. Scand.; cp. Swed. ; Norw. Zraske, to go about till fatigued. (N.E.D.)] tress, tressl, trmossl, trussl, a trestle, a support for a table ; hence a long bench, table. [OFr. £resfe/, a sup- port.] Cp. press, a press. trest. See treest. tret, trgt, p.5., treated. See trist. treudl, w.v6., to trample about. See tredd1l, of which it is prob. a variant. tri, a tree; hence a log of wood, as axle-tree, door-tree, &c. [OE. treow, a tree, timber, log.] tribbl, ad;., treble, threefold. See thribbl. tried. See treid. triekl, trietl, trekl, tréetl, treacle. Formerly a viscid compound used as a remedy for the bites of snakes, &c. The modern treacle is so named as resembling this in appear- ance and form. [ME. iziacie, a sovereign remedy ; OFr. an antidote. (Lat.-Gk.)] The first- named local pronunciation thus preserves the OFr. word. The 2 (c) and ¢ are, as often locally, inter- changeable; cp. tiffl for ti24l, trash for krash, &c. triest. See treest. triet, tret, trmt, trieted, w.v6., to treat. [Fr. raiter, to handle.]

H udderspeld Dialect

trouil

trig, w.vo., to move about, go off, draw away (E.). [Origin unknown (N.E.D.).] trikker, the old and more correct form of [Du. trekker, a trigger.] trinkl, w.v5., to trickle, flow slowly and thinly. [prob. a nasalized form of trickle. Seestrikkl.] E.g. (1) ' Au laft wol tierz #rizk/ed deen mi fés.' (2) 'Th' oil ? t' bothem izn't reit stopt yet ; t' waeter ect e bit.' triu, 2a7., true, certain, faithful ; firm, exact. [ME. frewe; OE. tréowe, trywe, true.] Triuth, truth. triuend, truant; a truant, a run- away. [ME. and OFr. irzand, truant, a beggar, &c.] This form of the word is still in occasional use, as in the phrase 'to play trugnd', i.e. to run away from school. See trouil. trof, troh (oldest form), a trough. [ME. OE. itrok, trog, trough.]

The guttural pronunciation of the final 2 I used to hear, as a boy, regularly among old people; and I still hear it occasionally among the remoter hill-side farmers.

troll, trollep, a slut, sloven, a female who goes about in untidy garb. [prob. connected with ME. to roll, wander; OFr. Zrawm/er, to run about, roll.] tron, trong, truenz (plur. generally used), trone, trones ; a steel-yard for weighing. [OFr. Zrozxe, a weigh- ing-machine, a balance.] trons (1), trons, a trance, swoon, fainting fit. [Fr. a swoon ; OFr. fransir, to go over, depart, die.] trons (2), treens (1), w.vo., to trounce, to beat with a stick. [OFr. trons, a truncheon.] trons (3), treens (2), w.vo., to trounce, to walk far, travel. [prob. OFr. to go over, depart.] trouil, trguil (2), a truant, rambler, wanderer. To 'play trouil' is to

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = g+ u; ie, pier ; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

3280

137 T

Page 168

trouler

run away from attendance at school -to play truant. An obsolescent form now. [prob. from ME. ; OFr. Zrauwler, to roll about, go hither and thither ; to wander.] E. g. ° Nee- e-dez (now-a-days) laedz Zazmés te gu te t' skuil; 1' mau taum they laukt te Ale trsewuil. Mi? Nou, au wer olis e guid lad, the noz! Wau, mun, uz laedz yiust sumtaumz te $/2 trouil bi t' duzn tegether! Wen wi yerd th' miuzik ¢ th' eend-dogz en' th' untsman oern on t' muer ev e faun moernin, ee kud wi elp it?' trouler, A/. troulerz, the wooden rollers or 'rockers' under the feet of a rocking-chair. [ME. &ro//ex,

as above.] trued, p.4., trod. See treid. truenz. See tron.

truk, truck, barter, dealings in trade. [ME. irukken; Fr. troquer, to barter.] E. g. ' Duen't a' nue wi that felli ; i'z e chiet trussl, a trestle, a supporting beam. See tressl. trust, to trust. See treest. tuch, 'touch', certain substances which will glow, or burn slowly without flame when ' touched ' with a light, and can be used to light similar things with a mere ' touch ', as (1) soft, Zwisted tow, often carried about alight by boys at night ; (2) touch-paper that has been soaked in saltpetre, used formerly for gum- ming on the ends of squibs and crackers; (3) Zowck-wood, which has been formed either by dry rot or by certain fungi, and which often glows 'of itself' in the dark. [OFr. tuchier, to touch.] tuchi, tuches, ax7., touchy, touchous; fretful, peevish. [prob. a variant of Zetchy, peevish ; ME. Zacke, teche, a blemish, bad habit, from Fr. a spot, stain, &c.] tue, P/ur. tues, tuin (older plur.), toe, toes. [OE. 2G, a toe.] tued, a toad. [ME. Zode; OK. tadige, tadie.] tued-stuil, a toadstool. tuen, the one, as in the phrases ' ¢#'

Dialect

tup

tugn on em' (the one of the two), '? tugnen' (er) £ tuther' (the one and (or) the other). [A contraction from OE. Hzxet an, the one.] tuest. See toist. tuethri, literally two or three ; a few. tuil (1), a tool, instrument. [OE. tol, a tool.] tuil (2), older form of toil, w.vd., to toil, labour. [ME. Zoi/ez, to harass, labour ; OFr. Zoi/lier, touiller, to entangle; trouble.] E.g. 'Au'v bin £zi/zn gx' muilin ol this de. tuin, toes. An old plural which, when a boy, I used to hear old folks use. (See tue.) E.g. ' Au st' a' te tzk mi shuin off, the(y) qortn mi £2/z." tuith, a tooth, pl. tith, tieth (not frequent), teeth. [OE. £6/k, pl. teth.] tuitl, tuttil (older form), w.vd., to whisper (as lovers) ; hence to fawn upon, coax, persuade, induce; hence also to titivate, touch up, smarten up. [ME. £o/e/en, Hutelen, to whisper ; prob. Scand. ; cp. ON. tauta, to mutter, and Dan. to whisper, mutter.] E.g. (1) ' Si- thi! luk et them tu laessez, the'r tuitlin (tuttilin) tegether lauk tu kuerterz (lovers).' (2) 'The mun tuitl thi fxether up e bit, en' i'll szeppn bau thi eniufrok.' (3) ' Au'st ax te fuitl misen up e bit efuer au gue te t' konsert.' tum, w.vd., to card wool roughly for the first time, in preparation for the finer cards; to separate or tease the wool fibres. [Origin uncertain.] tump, a hillock, mound. [Cp. W. twmp, a round mass.] tun, a tub, barrel. [OE. tun-dish, a conical-shaped dish with a funnel at the narrow end, by which to pour liquids into a tun or tub. tunnil, a tunnel. [OFr. Zorze/.] tup, a male sheep, or ram. [Scand.; cp. Swed. and Norw. tup, tuppl, w.vo., to knock over, tipple with a push. [Same origin as up.]

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate; e, pen; e, her ; 1, see; i, bit; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; = &+ u;

1 38

Page 169

tuppins

tuppins, twopence. tuther, the other. [A contraction from OE. ikaxet other, the other, or second.] See tuen. p.1., twined. See twaun. twang, the twang or intonation of a person's voice; a shrill sound. [prob. an imitative word like tang.] twaeng-tues, toes, twang-toed, having the toes turned inwards or outwards in walking. [Twaxexg is of uncertain origin, prob. a variant of Zwazez, p.t. of vb. to twine, or turn. - See twaun.] twaun, p./. twan, p.p. twun (older forms), si7.v6., to twine, twist, turn. [ME. fwiner, to twist together, from OE. Zwizx, twine, double thread (Skt.); or ON. to twine.] E.g. (1) ' Au Zwaxez sum thrid reend t' rzeg te old (hold) it fest." (2) 'Wen shu (she) fxn t' purs, ther wer just e bit e band twun reend it. twaus, adv., twice. OE. twiges, twiwa.] twelft, twentit, adv., twentieth. twich (1), twitch or quitch-grass, couch-grass,-a grass difficult to eradicate. Seealso wiks. quich, wik, seem all variant forms of quick, from OE. cwic, living, lively.] twich (2), w.vo., to twitch, pull, pluck ; hence to pinch, squeeze, catch ; and hence to bring before the County Court for debt. [ME. twikhken, twicchen ; OF. twiccian, to tweak, pull.] E.g. (1) 'Si thi! the'z éwickt t' ruep eet e mi snd.' (2) 'Shu Zwickes ersén in saedli te mich fer mau faznsi (for my taste).' (3) ' This koller ommest Zwic¢Zgz mi te t' dieth.' (4) 'If the duzn't pe (pay) up bi temoern au'st' Zwic/ thi fer t' braess.' twichem, a nickname given to any lawyer who won a name for his success as a prosecutor for debts. [¢ Twitch'gm', would be the advice

[ME. ;

twelfth,

Hudderspeld Dialect

twittl

he would give to creditors consult- ing him.] twicher, a twitcher, the old name for a bailiff, who 'twitches' or hauls persons before the County Court for debts, &c. Hence T Court was the old name for that Court. twiek, w.v5., to tweak, pull ; origin- ally the same word as of which it is an older form. twiel. See twil. twien, twein, adj., two. [ME. tLweien ; OE. twegen (masc.), two.] E. g. ' Ther'z twign (iwein) on em (two of them)'; but I have not heard the word used since my boy- hood. twiet, twit, w.v5., to twit, reproach. [OE. setwitan.] twiezerz, tweezers, nippers. étui + E. suffix -er.] twil, twiel, w.v5., to twist, twirl, turn, spin round. [prob. a variant of twirl; see tworl.] E.g. (1) 'Wen au kold eet (called out) i twild reend te si ue it wor.' (2) 'This machine Zwi/z thri thriedz tegether.' twilt (1), a quilt, bed-cover. [ME. quilte ; OFr. cuilte.] twilt (2), kwilt (sometimes), w.v6., to give a beating, to thrash. [prob. related to twilt (1) ?.] twinj (1), a twinge, sharp pain ; also pinch, pierce. [ME. Zwengen, twingen ; OF. twengan, to twinge, press tightly.] twinj (2), a twinge, an old name given to the earwig, and also to other long, thin, creeping insects, which are supposed to pinch people touching them. twink, a wink, a twinkle; also v., to wink, twinkle, to move the eye- lids. [ME. Zwizréiexr, to wink, blink ; cp. OE. Zwinclian, to twinkle.] E. g. (1) ' Au ked tell i wer fuilin (fooling), kos 1 iz in (eyes) xt mi.' (2) Wet e minnit ; au'll bi bek in e twizxk.' twit. See twiet. twittl, thwittl, wittl, w.vo., to

[Fr.

eg, pear ; ei, reign; eu = ig, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

139

Page 170

twizzl

whittle, to cut off, cut. [ME. thwitel, hwytel, a cutter, knife; from OE. Hkwitan, to cut off.] See wittl. twizzl, a twistle, tangle in a cord or string. [prob. a dimin. or a fre- quentative form of OE. Zwisf, a rope or twisted cord ; ox from OE. twisla, a doubling, fork ; twise/, doubled.] tworl, twerl, a handle ; also a twist or turn with the hand. [OE. thwyril, a handle, a flail ; from thweran, to turn.] tworl, w.v0., to twirl, turn round rapidly. [Frequentative of - to turn (Skt.).] twun, twined. See twaun. twutter, w.v6., to twitter. [prob. a variant of Zwitter, from ME. Ltwiteren, to twi'ter.]

U, u

u (1), $er. pro. (emphat.), u (unemp.), she. [OE. 220, she.] See also shu, shu. u (2), uf (see also wuef, wuf), wolf, now only met with as a prefix in place-names, as Usfwensz or U/- stugnz, - Wolfstones in - Upper Thong ; and Ud/e, a village some two miles distant, which may have been Wo/fdale, and not Wooldale, as now spelt. [ON. iilfr, wolf ; cp. OE. wulf.] uch, w.v5., to hutch, lurch, move by jerks. [prob. another form of ich, to hitch, move by jerks ; ME. Aic- chen (Skt.).] E.g. (1) ' Uck up e bit on t' form, ther'z rum fer enu- ther er tu.' (2) 'Ned #ckt up te mi on t' bensh, en' wisperd i' mi yer-oil.' ud (1), uid, a hood, a covering for the head. [OE. 204, a hood.] ud (2), od (sometimes), and ob, the hob, part of a fire-grate. [#@or od, is probably from Ao/Z (see old) ; and 206 was originally 'a lump or mass of clay behind the fire-place ' (N.E.D.).]

Huddersfield Dialect

vuer-eend

ud (3), ed, the shortened form of wood, as found in place-names ; e. g. Udroyd in Almondbury ; Lok- ga, Lockwood. udsten, and obsten, originally a flat stone covering the hob. Uddersfild. See Uthersfild. udd1, w.v6., to huddle or cover up. [prob. ME. Aoderex, to huddle, with interchange of Z for x; from ME. huden, hiden; OF. hydan, to hide, to cover.] E.g. (1) 'Th' gaeffer'z kummin ; sharp! #s#@dl th' beg up; duen't let im si it.. (2) Boy, just in bed : ! miup, muther; it 's koud.' ue, wue, rel. & interr. pro., who. [OE. 2wa, who.] uez, wuez, whose. [OE. 2wazxs, genitive of Z2wa.] ug-ivver, fu-ivver, whoever. uef, an oaf, a clumsy fool, brutish fellow. [Scand.; cp. O.lcel. al/z, elf.] E.g. A big drunken fellow, reeling along a road, 'bumped' into a stout elderly woman, who angrily exclaimed: (Wier te guin, thee gret ulleki xg/ ?' uek, wok (rare), an oak-tree, oak timber. [OE. ae.] uel (1) (rare), owl. See eel. uel (2), wuel, wol, ad;., whole [ME. Zole; OE. Aal, healthy, whole.] Note rewimant w in ueli, holy. [OE. Aa/lig, holy.] uem, wuem, wom (usual form), home. [OE. an abode.] uen (1), older form of won, one. See tuen. Cp. modern pronuncic- tion of ' one'. uen (2), wuen, a hone, whetstone. [OE. Zan.] uep, wuep, wop, w.v5., to hope.

[ME. Aopen; OE. kopa, hope; hopian, to hope.] uer. See wuer. uerd, a hoard, store. [OE. Zord, store.]

uer-eend, wuer- & wor-eend, hore- hound, a herb. [OE. Aa@r-Ziine, i. e. the white plant. The Z is ex- crescent (Skt.).]

&e as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate; e, pen ; e, her; 1, see ;

i, bit ; 6, note; 0, not; 9, oil

u, brute; u, put ; #u= &+ u; 140

Page 171

ueri

ugri, ad}., hoary, white, rimy. har, grey, hoary.] uern, a horn. [OE. Zor#z.] ues, wues, uest, hoarse, husky. [ME. Zas, koos ; OE. kas, hoatse ; but cp. ON. 2@ss, hoarse.] uest, wuest, wost, a dry, hard cough. [ME. 2oste; OE. a cough ; cp. ON. 2ostfi.] See wo. ost. uet, wuet. See wot. Note. In the nearly obsolete forms wue, wuel, wuem, wuen, wuep, wuer-eend, wues, wuest, wuet given above, the w would appear to repre- sent a lost initial h (?). ueth, an oath. [ME. a/Zz, OE. ath, oath.] uets, wots, oats. OE. dite, a grain.] uez, wuez, whose. See ue. ug, ig, w.vb., to hug, hold closely, comfort ; clasp; hence to lift, carry. [Origin uncertain ; prob. Scand.; cp. ON. Azgga, to soothe, comfort.] E.g. (1) ' U chauld in er eermz, en' kraud (cried).' (2) ' Ug mi, muther, au'm puerli (il). (3) 'U er em up (carry them up for her).' uggen, uggend, iggend, iggen (rarer), the hip-bone, i. e. the bone on which a person, a woman es- pecially, often rests a child or a bundle, when hugging ' or carry- ing it. Lit., the carrying bone. [prob. ON. Zzggzand?, pres. part. of vb. Axgga.] uid, a hood. See ud (1). uin, w.vd., to tire out, fatigue; to weary, harass. [ME. Aozex, to cease, to tire.] E.g. 'The luks feer wind, less ; bin wokin (walking) te far.' ull, w.v5., to cover, wrap up. [ME. hiilen, from ON. Aylja, to cover, hide, conceal. Cp. ill, to cover ; ME. Aelien; OE. helian.]} E..g. (1) < UZ (ill) mi up, muther, 1' t bed-tlues; au'm starvd (cold).' (2) thief #//d (¢/l¢) iz-sen 1 th' e-mu (hay-mow), en' worn't kaecht.' ull, a hull, covering ; a pod, husk.

[OE.

[ME. ofes, pl.;

Huddersfield Dialect

Ummer

A pei-ull is a pea-pod (not so com- mon now). [OE. Azle, Auln, a covering, husk.] ulleki, ulkin, a@;., hulking, huge ; big and clumsy with somewhat of the brutish added. See uef. [ME. hulke, a great awkward fellow. See Bradley-Stratmann's ME. Dict.] ullet, ullit, a young owl; owlet. [OE. #/e, owl + dim. suff. ef.] um, uvyn, an oven. [A contraction of OE. ofx ; cp. eleim, eim, seim.] E. g. ' Kip mi dinner warm i' th' #m, wol au kum bek. a humbug, pretender, cheat ; also a kind of ' spice ', i. e. sweets. umlok, umlek, yemlek, the local name for the hemlock. [ME. hemlok, humlok ; OF.. hemlic.] ummek, a hummock, mound, hillock. [prob. a variant of a lump (Skt.).] ummi-bi, a humming-bee. This, and not humble-bee, is the old local name. [ME. Azm»zex, to hum ; ON. Zzma, to hum; zeni, a buzzing.] Ummer, the old local word used as substitute for 2¢e//. Buk-ummer is an older form, in use also in the neighbouring Calder valley. E.g. (1) 'Thi gu te Um»ner, wi' thil!l' (2) 'Well, au'll gu te Ummgr if ivver au yerd out lauk thet efuer !' (3) On entering a room in the dark : ' It's ez dark ez Ummgr ier; bring e lit e sum suert !' (4) 'T nit wer ez dark ez Ummer ; au kudn't si e ninsh (an inch) efuer mi.' [Origin obscure.]

Note. Believing that this interesting word is of Norse origin, I would sug- gest, with diffidence, either of the two following ON. words as, at any rate, connected with it in etymology (see Cl. and Vig.'s Zeelandic Dict.) : (1) ON. 2##:, twilight, dusk, Then (h)jummer would be a Norse equivalent of the Greek Hades, and mean the lower world, the world of darkness, the ' shades '. (2) ON. a worm, reptile, snake,

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = e+ u ; ie, pier; iu, few ; og, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o+u; ue, poor; ui, ruin ; a/sodlforgl tl crcl.

141

Page 172

und

mythical dragon. The Diefzosa»y adds that 'the abode of the wicked after death was a pit-ful of snakes'. In either case the compound Buk-ummer would mean 'the " nether world " of the " book"' (ON. 00% = writing, book, a collection of sagas or tales, &c.). und, bi-und, a@v., behind. [OE. hindan, at the back cp. geondan, beyond.] underd, ##7#. hundred. hundred.] underdth, undert, hundredth. ung, p.4. and #.p., hanged, hung. See ing. ungén, adj., ungain, awkward to get to, unhandy. [ME. #xgeix, from OE. zx + O.Icel. gegn, ready, han- dy.] E. g. 'Thae'z put ol t' things ez ez the kud du.' See gen. unsh, onsh, the haunch. [OF. hanche.] unsh, w.v5., to hunch, lump,' cower up, ad;. and adv., up, above, high ; pleased, proud. [OE. #/p, above, high, exalted.] E.g. (1) 'Er te gum tg Lunden, then?' ' Eah, en' au'm vserri on't, en' ol' (2) ‘Y6r John simz varri #p on iz niu ees.' upplsh adj., proud, high. E.g < U 'z gettne bit nee u'z zd sum brass left." urchent, urchin (see preZent) ; ur- kle (see préle), urri (see grrz), Urst (see Qrs¢), urt (see ussi (1), a hussy, a pert, ill-behaved girl or woman. [Shortened from housewife, with degradation of meaning.] ussi (2), ussif (older form), a hussif or case, usually made of soft mate- rials, with pockets to hold thread, needles, &c.; hence a housewife's companion. [From Aowsewi?fe in the sense of domestic helper or companion.] ussl, rubbish, refuse of any kind ly- ing about, loose or in heaps ; properly an implement, utensil, then a collection of various imple- ments; lumber. [prob. OFr. 2os-

[OE.

' to sit of a

Dialect

Uthersfild

til, oustil, a tool, implement ; tiller, oustiller, to equip with tools ; to furnish ; but cp. ME. #s/e, OE. ysle, ashes, embers, and ON. embers ] E. g. (1) ' Swip thaet ussl ; th' fluer'z kuverd wi' it.' (2) Duent bau (buy) thet stuff; it's nout nobbet usslment, lumber, odds and ends of things; properly utensils, furnish» ings, equipment ; household goods. [OFr. lmstzllement equipment, utensils, goods (N .E.D.)]. E.g. A friend meeting another :-' Well, au rekkn yo'n gettn e sittin-rum i' t' niu ees ?' The other:-' Ah, au rekkn wi zn: et liest th' wauf kolz it sue te t' neberz. Bet, thx noz it 's nobbet e smol en (small one) ; en' u'z filld it full ¢ " furnishinz," ez u kolz em . .. Bet ther'sz nue settin rum fer mi the noz, wat wi' them anti-thingz on ol t' chierz en t' keech (couch), en' pot thingz en' f5tos 01 ovver t' reem wol tha keen't ich ardli beet nokkin summet deen, -wau, it 's chok full e #ss/zment, till au keent ebaud in it ! Sittin-ram igou !' uther (1), the udder of a cow. [OE. der.] uther (2), adj., other; the second. (Rarely used alone.) [OE. other.] See other, 'tuther. Uthersfild, Huddersfield. [Domes- day Book has Oderesfelt, prob. the field or land of Hother, Other, or Huther, Uther, the original owner ; or possibly OiHtersfield, from ME. oter, OE. otor, an otter.]

Note. Quite another origin of the name, and of that of Almondbury, is the traditional one which I often heard from my father :-* I' th' reit oud taumsz, wen forests covered ol regend gheet igr, en' ther wer varri feu fugek livd 1' th district, " General" Uther komin' thre t' north en' " General " Almond komin thre t' segth wi' big armies, met Uthérshld stznds neé, ¢n' fet ¢ gret battle 61 t' day. They'd bueth kumn t¢ konker Yorksheér yq seen; but wen they'd fuffén wol ¢ reit lot ¢ bueth

&o as a in glad ; &, far ;

i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; o, oil ;

au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her; u, brute ; u, put ; 142

1, see j & = &+ u ;

Page 173

uthersum

sauds wer killd, Uther wen. Almond wer fun digd, en' they buried im on t' top ¢ th' ill wiegr Omo»? stzends nee, en' that's eg it furst get it name Almond «bury. Uthers-fheld iz wiet Uther wen iz viktry.' - My father always told this story with twinkling eyes as an 'oud fuek tale'; but it serves all the same, to illustrate the ' funny futility ' of mere guessing at the derivation of place- names.

uthersum, prox. and a@v., other- some, some others; differently, otherwise. E.g. (1) 'Ther wer Ben Allen en'iz wauf thier, en' their William Henry, en' #/kerszene et au didn't no (know).' (2) 'The ken think sue, if tha lauks, but au think «thersum, thee noz (knows). uvver, ad7., upper, higher. It never means over, which in this dialect is always ovver. [OE. fera, higher.] E.g. 'Uvver Thong,' or Upperthong, in contradistinction with or Lower Thong. uyvil, a finger-stall or covering ; lit. a Aovel or little cover. [OE. a hut, shelter, + e/, dimin. suffix.] uvyviti, uvvilti, a mixed-up condi- tion, confusion, jumble, a 7#b66/eity, of which the word is prob. another form. E. g. (1) ' Au felt in e reit uvvilltt, the noz ; au kudn't tell waxet au wer duin.' (2) 'Th' reem (room) wer in e regiler uz (1), ez (2), Poss. per. pro., our; yar (q. v.) is more emphatic. [prob. early OE. genitive #ser (>later OE. fre, our).] It is of especial interest to note that whereas the mod. English our is de- rived from the later #ize, our dialect #s is the stem of #ser itself, and is thus a much older form.

E. g. (1) ' Giv uz #s tie (tea) muther, au'm koud en' ungri.' (2) ' Wi ken put ez koits on this keech wol wi weshen #z-senz.' (3) Com- paring #z possessive with yar demonstrative :-' Va» ees iz #z on (our own) ; it's bin i' y@x femli fer ovver e underd yer (in

Huddersfield Dialect

voider

our family's possession for over a hundred uz (2), gz (2), per. pro. objective, us. [OE. #s (dat., acc.), us.] See oz (2). uz-séln, uz-sén. See seln, sen.

V, v

vérri, ad}., very. OFr. verai, true.] viet, a vat, tub, dye-pan. (v)] '. varjin, virgin. [OFr. virgine.] varmin, varmint (less often), ver- min. [Fr. vermine.] vaulit, a violet. [Fr. violei.] vauper, a viper. [Fr. vipgre.]

Note., Vipers have now disappeared from this district, but, when a boy, I saw one in a tub, which had been placed there after being captured in Spring Wood, Honley, A year or two earlier a little play-mate of mine was bitten by a viper while blackberrying in Honley Old Wood, from which event I can date my lifelong horror of snakes.

[ME. verrai;

[OE. f2et

vaus, a vice, an instrument for hold- ing things firmly. [ME. wice, a screw ; OFr. vee, a vow ; as wo., to vow, declare. [ME. vow, OFr. vou, a vow.] veech, w.vo., to vouch, guarantee. [ME. voucher, vochier (Lat.).] veil, vel (later form), a veil, cover for face. [OFr. vei/e, a cloth.] vein, ven (later form), a vein, small blood-vessel. [Fr. weine.] venter, w.vd., to venture, risk. [ME. aventure ; Fr. aventure.] viel, veal. [OFr. veel, a calf.] villin, a villain, term of reproach always. [ME. willeixn, servile.] vittls, victuals, food. [ME. vitaiZ/es ; OFr. vitailles, provisions.] voider, voither, vuider (less com- mon now), a basket, especially a clothes-basket; lit., that which voids, [OFr. wvoider, to void, empty. (W.W.D.)]

eg, pear ; ei, reign ; qu = e+ u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

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vuet vuet, a vote. [Lat. vofum, a vow, wish.] vuider. See voider. vuis, a voice. [ME. vois; OFT. v0is.] W, w

Wa'? interrog. pron., what? eh? [OE. fwaxt.] E.g. (1). When a listener has heard indistinctly something said to him, he will say -* Wae? waxet's te se?' (2) ' Au se wa ' (I say what) and ' Au se' were two nicknames of a local vil- lage eccentric, who was often mi- micked because of his frequent use of those expressions in his talk. He is said to have once angrily retorted on a neighbour somewhat thus :-'Au se, Joss, thi en' yther fueks kips sein (keep saying) " au se" te mi wen au se "au se", en' it 's nuen feer (not fair) iz it nee, au se we'? Waxt wod tee (would thou) se, au se, if au wer te se "au se " te thi ivvri taum tha sed "au se", au se wae' ?' wa&ebbl, w.v5., to wabble or wobble, - reel, sway. [Frequentative of ME. quappen, to throb, palpitate.] See wap. ad;., wobbly, unstable. w.vo., to watch, guard ; to look on. [ME. wacchker, OE. waeccan.] wad (1), a wad, plug, a small mass. [Scand.; cp. Swed. vaad, wadding.] waeddin, wadding, stuffing. wad (2), an old word for mad, insane. [OE. wod, wad, mad, violent, &c.] waed-es (obsolescent), wad-house or mad-house, lunatic asylum. E.g.

' Them 'et duz sich triks ez them, |

ez naut (only) fit fer t' waed-es." wad (3), wued, woad, a dark-blue colour. [OE. woad, a plant used for dyeing.] waef (1), w.v6., to waft, blow in whiffs, puff; to wave. [OE. wafian, to wave, brandish.] E.g. 'T' waund'z wsxeft th' kuvver off e' this baeskit.

Hudderspeld Dialect

waek

waef, waft, a gust, puff of wind, whiff. weaef (2), a waif, anything abandoned, or strayed and lost. [ME. weif; OFr. waif; prob. Scand.] E.g. (1) en' strez'=waifs and strays. (2) ' Eh, t'" waef-en'-fuffn" baxend'z kummin, let's gu wach em.' See fuffn.

Note. This band is a local, broadly humorous, modern imitation of the medieval bands of waifs, strays, and outcasts who infested the country-sides in former times, and gave great trouble to ' the Law'. It is composed of youths calling themselves ! waef-en'-fufin gnz' (i.e. lost and beaten ones, or 'down and outers'). They dress themselves up in ragged clothes-for some frolic- some occasion-and carry any old kettles, pans, and whistles, which they rattle and tootle in accompaniment to their antics, as they march from village to village: usually collecting money.

wa&ff (1), w.vo6., to waver, move to and fro, blow about. [Scand. ; cp. ON. vafia, vafra, to waver, &c.] E.g. 'Liuik zt it eerz (its hairs) waeffiin ebeet 1' t' waund.' waeffl (2), w.v5., to babble, twitter, chatter ; (rare now). [prob. OK. wxflian, to babble, whiffie.] E.g. Father admonishing his children to be quiet, in bed :-' Naus (nice) childer'll wae//? thersen eslip 1' bed, lauk little bords 1° ther nest.' weg, w.vb., to wag, move about, rock. [ME. waggen ; Scand. ; cp. O.Icel. vaga, to waeggl, w.wvb., to wag frequently, shake quickly. waeggli, waeggldi, (older form), ad;., wobbly, rocky, shaky. [cp. O.Icel. vaggaildi, shaky.] wiek (1), p.4. wek, wuek, p.p. sir.vo., to awake, arise, rouse. [OE. wacanr, to arise, awake.] E.g. (1) Waek (or waekkn) up, en' get thi wark dun.' (2) 'Au wel (or wughk) up v? t nit, wi' t tuith-wark.' waek, wiaekkn, acd;}., awake, alert.

& as a in glad ; a, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; gu = &+ u ;

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waek

E. g. (1) ' That lad 'z e waeZ en (or woekkn en) ; i'l get on 1' t' world.' (2) ' Au'm se taurd wol au ken ardli kip waekkn. waek (2) w.vb., to whack, beat, thwack. [prob. imitative ; cp. ON. th;0kka, to thwack, thump.] wsk, a whack, blow; a share, por- tion ; a turn, a (go.' E.g. (1) ' Au'll gi' thi e waeZi e this kek (bread) if tha'll'elp mi.' (2) ' Let's ay e woek st it, en' si if au ken mek it gue.' wekkn, w.v5., to waken, awaken ; to arise, rouse up. Has much the same uses as wx4 (1). [OE. wxcnan, to be aroused, be- come awake.] E.g. ' Waekin up, mun ; it's taum te get up.' 'Né, not yet; thae'z waxkknd mite suin.' wakker, to flutter, tremble, palpitate ; lit. to or beat frequently. E.g. (1) ' Mi legz wer sue wek (weak), wol mi niz (knees) feer woaekkerd. (2) ° Eh,lzss, au'm fled au'm puerli; mi art (heart) 's waxkkgrin se mich. See wk (2) above. wéaekki, a simpleton ; lit. a weakling. [prob. OE. wae, weak, infirm.] wam, poor stuff, especially food or drink that is tasteless or ' weak.' [prob. OE. wa, a spot, fault ; cp. ON. vaema, to feel nausea.] weak, tasteless. E. g. -Ailing old woman, complaining about her daughter's neglect of her: 'U 'z te gridi tg let mi liv! Th' dokter sez au'm te eit nout solid yet, en' sue yar Polly Ann ommest fidz mig¢' (on) water, 'kos (because) it's chep. Wen u gi'z mi tuethri broth, the'r waeterd wol the'r nout nobbet wae, en' mi tie (tea) 'z dlis ez waxemmi ez t' broth !' (Note that both broth and porridge were form- erly spoken of in the plural ; some- times so even yet.) wambl, w.v5., to rumble in the stomach; to feel stomachic disturbance. [ME. - wamlen ; Scand.; cp. Dan. vamile; O.Icel. vsema, to feel nausea.]

Hudderspeld Dialect

waxrend

wan (1), p.6. won; (2) $.4. wound. See vbs. win (1), and waund (2). wsng, w.v5., to whang or fling ; throw down. [prob. OE. Awang, p.4., of v6. thwingan, to force, com- pel.] E. g. (1) Wen so t'pelismen kummin, they waxnxgZ ther tuilz (tools) deen, en' skutterd lauk maxed.' (2) 'Tha'z gettn eet e' t' reng saud e bed this moernin, mun ; the waxenrgz thingz ebeet lauk e fuil.' * wangbi, wangi, ad7., tough, leathery to chew. [prob. from OE. ikwang, a thong, a leather strip.] E.g. * This chiz (cheese) ez reit waengo? stuff, it wien't cheu.' wank, p.¢., winked. See wink. wanti, a broad girth for binding a load on a pack-horse or

donkey. (E.) [cp. Du. wast, cordage. (Lld. Dy.)] See also wunte.

wap, wop, w.v5., to whap or whop, to move or turn quickly ; to hasten ; to flop, collapse ; to throw quickly ; to beat, strike. [ME. gq#apper, to throb, beat ; cp. ON. Zvag.] E..g. (1) 'Au wapt (wopt) inte th' ees efuer i ked si mi.' (2) 'U (she) wseps on te t' fluer if nobbet tuchez er, u'z sue wekli.' (3) ' Iz wauf wazepi e paunt pot st im fer kolin er e laur (liar)' (4) ® Thi fether'll gi' thi e guid waxeppir fer duin that.' wa&eppi, ad;., quick, hastening, mov- ing quickly ; used now chiefly in two connexions :

(1) Waeppy Nick, now called Market Walk, a narrow passage between the two former market-places in Hudders- field, used as a quick way from one to the other; (2) Wappy Spring, on the north side of Lindley Moor, but now covered over, close to which is a well- known brewery, The spring, as 1 was informed by one of the proprietors, has still a quick flow, to which characteristic it probably owes its name.

wsrem. See warm. a warrant, guarantee; a

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = g+u; ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for g1 ; tl for cl.

$280

145 U

Page 176

Dialect warp

legal order or certificate. [ME. OFrt. warant.] wasp, wesp, waeps, (older word, formerly common), a wasp. [OE. wesp, waet, rel. Enterrog. pro., what. [OE. hwoet.] wat for, what for, used very often instead of way. E. g. Wat for izn't i guin wi' ez?' or ' Wat izn't i guin for?" (2) ' Wat's te dun thet for ?' wsetn, what kind or sort. (E.) [A contraction derived from OE. +cynn, what kind, race, &c.] E.g. (1) ¢ Wietr e fuil i iz !' (2) ' Gu luk wsetn e job i 'z med on it.' Rarely used now. water, water. [OE. water.] water-ti-waeg, a wag-tail, a bird which frequents streams and pools. water-kum-té (or tie), water-with- tea, an old phrase formerly much in vogue to denote weak tea. It was evidently coined by some 'Seducated ' person who liked tea made ' strong and stiff'. The tale used to be told of a man who, after his frugal wife at tea-time had served the family round twice with what the eldest girl called kum-té,' exclaimed sarcastically :- ' T'woeter 'z2 kumm Ol reit, lass; bet eg (how) long i' kummin iz t' 12 been te bi ?' gettl, a wattle, hurdle or cover made of inter-twined twigs, &c. ; also the fleshy part under the beak of a cock. Rare now in the first sense. [ME. watel, a cover, a bag ; OE. watel, a hurdle, a covering.] wseu (1), weu (1), w.vo., to whine like a dog, to cry. [prob. an imi- tative word.] E.g. Father to ¢ Old thi din! Wat ar to waeuw-iz for ?' wseu (2), weu (2), wrong, bad ; poor stuff. [prob. ME. ; OE. wioA, crooked ; bad, evil.] E.g. 'This el izn't fit te sup ; it's nout naut waser (nothing but poor stuff). See wof, woh. wais, weis, old pronunciation of

wax, [OE. wear.} See wais. war, compar. adj., worse. [OE. wi- ersa, wyrsa, weor,compar.; cp. ON. verri, adj., verr, adv.] See warst, warsn. ward, weerd, a ward, guard ; a divi- sion. [OE. weard.] ward-rueb, weerd-rueb, a ward- robe; a closet for clothes. wark (1), work, labour, toil. [ME. werk ; ON. verk, labour ; cp. OH. weorec, were, work, labour.] E.g. ' Yar faemli 61 guez te ther wark et sevn ivvri moernin. They works et th' Borks Miln -8l on em except t' yungist, en' 1 works et th' gruesers (grocer's).' Note that to foil is always 'o work', not ' to wark '. See work. wark-ees, wark-es, the work-house, poor-house. wark (2), pain, ache, suffering. [ON. verkr, pain;, or OE. waerc, pain.] E. g. fuith-wark, boek-wark, yed- wark (=headache), &c. wark, weerk, w.v6., to ache, feel pain or suffering. [ON. verkja, to ache.] E.g. (1) 'Mi art (heart) feer warks te si t' puer led 1' sich pen.' (2) 'ekuerdin te iz on tel (according to his own tale), iz karkes (body) iz ez full e wiarks en' péenz (pains) ez nivver wor efuer.' warm, weerm, ad;., warm, heated ; also impish, mischievous. [OE. wearm ; cp. ON. varmr, warin.] E.g. (1): ! It's e warm okshen (auction, place) this ; let's get eet inte t' fresh eer (air).! (2) ' Yar Jue? Eah, i'z e warm en,i 1z ; 1 'z Odlis up te iz triks.' warm, weerm, w.v5., to warm, heat up, hence to beat, punish. E.g. 'Au'll warm (weerm) thi, if the duzn't kum inte th' ees this minnit !' warp, weerp, a warp in weaving; the twisted yarn cast around the top and bottom beams of a loom, across which the wef? is woven by the shuttle. [OE. wearp ; from vb. weorpan, to cast, throw, twist.] See also moudwarp and woh.

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; é, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see ; i, bit; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; au = &+ u; 146

Page 177

warsit warsit, worsit, worsted, twisted yarn. [ME. worsted ; named from the town of Worsied, in Norfolk, a medieval centre of cloth-making. OE. weorthig, a field, farm, &c., + stede, a place.] warsn, wiersn, w.v5., to worsen, to make or become worse. See war. warst, wierst (old form), siger/. ad7., worst. [OE. wierrest, wyrst, worst ; cp. ON. versity.] warti, weerti, work-day, week-day ; every day except Sunday-the res/- day. [Contracted from wark-day.] E. g. (1) Two gossips talking to- gether :-* U liuks oud (old), bet u 'z e lot yunger ner mi.' 'Ah bet, the siz # 'z bin woern e' t' en' tha »ez:n't: the'z sum brxss, the noz.' (2) ' Onni boddi (anybody) et weerz iz wari tluez (clothes) e' t' Sundi, au kol im audl!, the noz.' wau, interrog. pron. and adv., why. [OE. 2w1, in what way.] waud, wide. [OE. wid.] wauf, a wife. [OE. wif, a woman.] waul (1), a while, time. [OE. 2w2/, a time, a pause.] waul (2), wol, conz., while, until, that. E.g. (1) 'Au'll du it waz/ (wof) au'm ier. (2) ° Stop ier Jed, wan/ (wol)thifzther kumzbaek.' (3) ' Mi leg warkt sue mich waz#/ (wo/) au kudn't baud.' wauld, aed;., wild, untamed, rough. [OE. wilde.) waund (1), wind (older form) (1), the wind, air in motion. [OE. wind.] waiuind (2), wind (older form) (2), p.t. ween, p.p. wun, str.vo., to wind, turn, twist. [OE. winxdaz.] waup, w.v5., to wipe. [OE. wipian.] waur, wire. [OE. wiz, a wire ; cp. ON. virr, wire.] waur, w.vo., to pierce with wire, bore ; hence to give close attention to, to attack vigorously. E.g. (1)! Wazr inte thi wark lad, en' thae'll suin a' dun it.' (2) ' Wen i (he) sed that, au warrd inte im wimi neivz (fists), en' au deend (downed) im i' kwik- stiks.'

Hudderspeld Dialect

weft

waut, ad7., white. [OE. wausz (1), ad7., wise, knowing. [OE. Wis.] wausz (2), the wise or stalk of a plant. [ME. wise, stalk ; OE. wise, growth, a plant.] we (1), way, road. weg.] we (2), wo, inter}., a carter's call to his horse to stop. [prob. of Norman- French origin, as also others simi- larly used. E.g. we-back, &c.] See au-we. web, a web, esp. @rrin-web (spider's web). [OE. web6, a web, what is woven.] Webb, and Webster, two frequent local surnames. [OE. webba, a male weaver; webb-esitre, a female weaver.] wed, w.vo., to wade, walk slowly, esp. through water. [OE. wadaez, to wade, go.] wed, w.v6., to marry- the latter word is seldom used. [OE. weddian to pledge, hence betroth ; from OE. wedad, a pledge.]

[ME. wey ; OE.

weend, a wound, injury,. [OE. wund.] weer, wier, weerd, wierd

(sometimes wuer, #.p. woern, wuern), w.vo., to wear clothes, to consume by use ; hence to spend money. [ME. weren ; OE. werian, to put on, wear, bear, &c.] (1) ' Thae'z weerd et that koit (coat) wol it's wogr» te bits.' (2) ' Mi muther gi'd mie opni (halfpenny), en' au wegrd it e toffi.' weerd, w.vo., to ward, guard, pro- tect. [OE. weardian. See ward ; cp. geerd.]) E.g. 'Wen th' oud chap strek st mi, au just weerded im off wi' mi zndz.'

Note. For weerk, weerm, weerp, weerst, weerti, see wark, warm, warp, warst, warti.

weft, the threads woven across the warp from side to side by the shut- tle in weaving. [OE. wefZ, from wefan, to weave.]

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu = ig, pier; iu, few ; og, boar; oi, boil ; ou = o+u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; aZso dl for gl ; tl for cl.

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wei

wei, w.vo., to weigh, lift. [OE. wegan, to carry, move, raise.] wein, a wain or wagon. [ME. wayz ; OE. waxegn.] Now rare. wein-rit, a wainwright, or wagon- maker. Now chiefly found as a surname. - See rit. weis, wax. See wais. weiv, p.4. wev, wuev, /.p. wovyn, str.vb., to weave. [OE. wefan, to weave.] weiver, a weaver. we}, wage, pay for work done, wages. Generally used in the singu/az. [ME. wage ; OFr. wage, a pledge.] E. g. (1) ' Wat we; duz te get fer t' job?' (2) ' U'z sez te? Nub- di ken bi se aud! 'et ken edd! ez big e we27 ez u duz !' wek (1), wiek, ad;., weak, feeble; yielding, easily giving way. [ME. wac, waik, weak; OE. wie ; cp. ON. veikr, weak.] woéekli, wiekli, rather ill or poorly. weklin, wieklin, a weakling, a fee- ble person. wek (2), w.vo., to wake or keep watch, to sit up with or for some one. EOE. wacian, woxccan, to watch. a yearly village festival, feast, or fair, when in old times people mostly used to sit up late. wek (3), weik, the wick of twisted threads inside a candle or lamp. [ME. wicke, wéke; OE. weoce, wecca, a candle-wick ; cp. Swed. veke, Norw. veik.] wek (4), p.4. awoke. See wk (1). wekkn. See w&kkn. welkin, huge, hulking ; having a lumbering roll in walking. [prob. connected with OE. wealcanr, to roll, rove about.] E.g. 'Yond big, welkin felli thinks 'et uz littler fuek's efléd on im ; but au'll sheu im better !' well, adv., well-now used only ini- tially in exclamations, &c. E.g., (1) < Well, au nivver did !' (2) ' Well then, si if tha ken du it.' See wil (2).

Dialect

wetter

welt, a hem, border, seam ; the rib- bed top of a stocking leg ; also a blow, a smart stroke. [ME. waite, welte; prob. connected with OK. woeltan, to roll, turn over ; cp. ON. velta, to roll over.] See wolt. welt, w.v5., to beat, punish. E.g. 'Thae'll get e reit we/ltin, lsd, wen the gets wom.' 'Oh, au duen't keer (care) if it's nobbet mi m#/ikgr 'et welts mi.' weltin, part. ad}., welting, big, huge. E.g. 'This ez sich e welfiz big bundil wol au ken ardli karri it.' Cp. welkin. wer, wor (emphat. form), $. all persons sizg. and p/. of vb. de, was ; were. [ON. vera, to be, having pt. t. sing. 1. var, 2. vart, 3. var.] wesh, w.vo., to wash. [ME. was- chen, weschen; OE. waescan, to wash.] wesh-es, wash-house. wesh-pit, a well or pool of water, in which formerly cloth-pieces were scoured. wesket, weskit, a waist-coat. wesp, a wasp. See wasp. wesselin, wessilin, wassailing, i.e. the singing of ' wassail ', according to old custom, by children who still go round to people's houses in the local villages on New Year's Eve- which is ' Wessil-Nit'. The singers often carry a 'wessil-bob,' a big cluster of paper-flowers, evergreens and other things stuck on a frame- work, and sing the old ditty :- 'Here we come a-wessilin', &c. [wassail= ME. wes heil, OF. was kal, i.e. be healthy, meaning 'we wish you good health.'] wet, w.vo., to whet, sharpen, urge. [OE. Awettan, to urge, sharpen, embolden.] wet, a whet, turn; a try to hasten something on. E.g. ' Let mizeve wet wt it, en' si if au ken mak t' meshin (machine) gue.' wet-sten, a whet-stone. hwetstin.] wetter, w.v6., to whetter, worry, natter; lit. to urge frequently.

[OE.

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; a, mate; e, pen ; e, her; 1, see; i, bit ; 0, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; £u = ;

148

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weu

E. g. 'That chauld 'z dlis werferin set mi te bau it sum spaus (to buy it some sweets).' weu (1), weu (2) ; see w&u (1) and wou (3), wiu, w.v5., to throw quick- ly, to cast, jerk. [prob. an imitative word like w/izz.] wey, p.i., wove. See weiv. wezn, weznd, the weazand, wind- pipe; gullet. [OE. w#send, wasend, the gullet.] See gizn. wi (1), wi (emphat. form), Zer. $70., we. » WE. wi' (2), prep., with. [OE. with.] wi' (3), a shortened form of will, used mostly in contracted com- pounds, as wi'd, we would, we had; wien't, wi'net, will not; wi'll, we will; wi'n, we han = we have; wi's, wi'st, we shall. E.g. (1) '(W2 tee gu wi' mi? Tom wign't (wi'net) ste du. fech th' orse te nit ; bin twaus efuer, bet (wi'st) nuen kum bak beet it this taum.' (3) ' WZ better bi guin nee-yq sin w2'Z lauk te get wom (home) efuer dark.' wiel, wil, a wheel. wheel.] wielp, welp, a whelp, puppy. [OE. hwelp.] wielt, wilt, w.v5., to wilt, shrivel up ; also to tilt, lean over. [prob. OE. wyltan, wealtan, to roll, reel.] See wolt. wiem, wim, 227., quiet, steady ; tidy. (E.) [Origin uncertain.] wien, w.vo., to wean. [ME. wenen ; OE. wenian.] wiep, w.vo., to weep, cry. [ME. wepen ; OF.. wepan.] wier (1), to wear. See weer. wier (2), adv., where. [OE. wier-gqbeets, a@v., where about. wier-ivver, adv., wherever. wiesp, wisp, a wisp, small bundle of hay or straw. [ME. wisp, wips.] wiet (1), wheat. [OE. Z2wafe.] wiet (2), wit, ad7., wet, moist. [ME. wet, weet ; OE. wXt, wet.]

[OE. Aweéol,

Dialect

wik wietin. See witin. wiezl, a weasel. [ME. wese/; OE. wesle, weosole ; cp. ON. visla.] wiezn, wizn, w.v5., to wizen, shrivel, dry up. [ME. wisexen; OE. wisnian, to dry ; cp. ON. wisna, to wither.] wiff, wift, a whiff, puff of wind. [Imitative word ; cp. OE. Awitha, and ON. 2vitha, a breeze.] wiffl, w.v6., to blow about in puffs or gusts. wiggin, the mountain-ash, the southern quick-beam, the Scots rowan-tree. [prob. the northern form of southern g#icken, i.e. quick- beam or mountain-ash. Apparently from OE. cwicw, quick ; the -ex is uncertain (N.E.D.). But cp. OE. wiy, holy; ON. vigza, to make holy, and the note below.]

Note. In ancient times, in Scotland and northern England, the mountain-ash was connected with many superstitions, one being that twigs from it would drive away evil spirits. In medieval times, and even down to the mid- nineteenth century, twigs of 'wiggin ' were kept by people in this locality to ward off witchcraft and drive away witches from their houses. ZasiZer mentions examples. Another use to which twigs of this tree are still often put by boys is the practice (too long to describe here) of making ® wiggin- whistles ' to the accompaniment of a ' nominy '-' Szp, ssp, se, &c.'-which is supposed to ensure the whistles being good ones.

wiggl, skwiggl, w.vo., to wriggle, twist about, writhe. [ME. wige/ez, to totter, reel ; cp. OE. wagiax, to wag, shake, move to and fro ; and OE. wrigian, to strive, go forward.] 'Au duen't lauk them little wiggli thingz 1' t' gardin. Wen au si 'em wiggl ewe wen au lift e big stuen er e ruit up, au fil ol kripi lauk.' wik (1), adj., quick, alive; active, alert, lively. [prob. ON. wiz, stir- ring, moving (W.W.D.) ; cp. OE. cwic, alive, active.] E.g. (1) 'Is

eg, pear; ei, reign; eu =e+u; ig, pier; iu, few; oe, boar; oi, boil ; ou = o + u; ug, poor ; ui, ruin ; a/so dl for gl ; tl for cl.

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Page 180

wik

it e died (dead) frog, ere wiZk en ?' (2) 'Yor ¢ wik en, i keen't sit still e minnit.' wik (2), the quick or living flesh under the finger-nails. wik (3), the wick of a candle or lamp. See wek (3), the usual form of the word. wik (4), the dried, decayed stalk of a plant. [prob. from OE. wicex, p.p. of vb. wicax, to decay.]

About the end of autumn, each year, the dried plant-stalks in a tilled field or garden are collected and burnt- ' bornin t' wiks', it is called. The rather pungent but pleasant smell of the smoke from burning wicks, as it floats about in the air, still brings happy memories of boyhood's delight in the process, and inthe mellow, autum- nal surroundings envisioned with it.

wil (1), a wheel. See wiel. wil (2), well (initially), a@v., well, excellently. [OE. we/.]} E.g. ' Thae'z nuen dun thi wark se au'll tell thi.' ® WeZl, au'v dun it ez wil ez au kud.' wil, ad}., well, in good health. < Mi waut 's nuen et ol, en' au'm fied u'll warsn efuer u mendz.' will, p.¢. wod, defect. vb., will, would. The */Z is frequently omitted ; see wi' (3). , wilti-sbh&lti, lit., wilt-thou, shalt- thou, i.e. whether you will or not. Cp. 'willy-nilly, i.e. will he, ne will he. 'T' meer (the mare) get th' bit bitwin er tith, en' feer fliu deen t' rued en' mi on er baek kolin te ivvriboddi wi pest te stop er.' Wilberli, Wilburlea near Slaith- waite. [prob. a contraction of Wilkins, a family name, derived from Dutch, = Wilkinson, a common local sur- name, the equivalent of Wz/iliam:- son. wilt, to shrivel up ; also to tilt or lean over. See wielt. wim-wsem, a whim-wham, a freakish impulse or fancy ; also a whirlabout

Huddersfield Dialect

winter-e]

toy, a plaything. [Origin uncer- tain.] E.g. (1) 'Els & Moll's (= Alice, daughter of Mary) ez gettin e fuilish oud wummen; er yed 'z full ¢ 01 suertz e wim-waemsz.' (2) 72' Oud End, gwing his views on present-day parental indulgence of children : 'Neg e-déz, fuek et zz out--en' sum et en' ol- spendz ieps e' brass 1' bau-in ol suerts e win:-woemsz fer ther childer te lek wi'; bet wen yar Martha en' mi wer zevin childer, au yiust t mek ol ther lekenz (playthingsg misén, en' they wer just ez pliezd wi' em." wimbl, wiml, a gimlet. [ME. wimbil ; Scand. ; cp. Dan. vimmel, a boring tool.] E.g. Said of one who has had to live on small means : 'The noz, th' oud chap's olis 2d te buer (bore) wi' e smol (small) wimbl? wimpl, a covering for the neck, which could be lifted at need over the head. The word is now obso- lete locally, but the article itself, in form of a séawl, is still very com- mon-especially amongst female factory-workers. [ME. and OE. wimpel.] win (1), $.. wan, p.p. wun, to win, gain, earn. [OE. winnen, to fight, struggle, try to gain.] win gorse. [ME. waynze; Scand. ; cp. Swed. Ave.] wind (1), the wind. See waund (1). wind (2), to wind. See waund (2). wind-ro, waund-ro0, a wind-row, a row of hay raked up to dry in the wind. wi'net, will not. wink, p.7. wank, winkt, .p. wunk, winkt, sir.-w.v6., to wink the eye. [ME. winken ; OE. wincian.} winne, w.vo., to winnow, to expose corn to currents of air. [OK. windwian.] winni, w.v6., to whinny, neigh (of a horse). [prob. imitative, and re- lated to OE. to whine.] winter-e}, a winter-hedge, the local metaphorical (and more poetical)

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; a, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see ; i, bit ; 6, note ; o, not ; o, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; £u = &+ u;

150

Page 181

wi's

name for a ' clothes-horse'. winter + hecg, hege, a hedge.] wi's, wi'st, we shall. See wi' (3). wish, wisht, silence, whist. [An imitative word, like E. g. (1) Mother to ' child : ' Prethi, old ti wis2Z!' i.e. hold or keep thy silence. (2) ' If Ted'll nobbet old iz wisé, nuebdi 'll no nout ebeet wat wi'n dun.' wishin, a cushion. See kwishin, of which it is a shortened form. wisk, a whisk, a sinall hand-broom. [Scand ; cp. ON. Dan. viska, a wiper, rubber, &c.]

[OE.

In the days when women used to fetch cloth- pieces ' from the mills and 'burl ' them at home, the whisk was to be found in most cottages, being used to sweep off the ' burls' or bits of thread, &c., picked out of the cloth. It also formed a handy instrument for the chastisement of unruly children. The loudly uttered question 'Wier'z t' wisk?' was often sufficient of itself to cow a noisy young family into quietness for the time.

wiskit, a small, light basket (E.). [Origin uncertain.] Wissendi, shortened form of WAzz- suntide, as shown in the local forms Wissend@i- (or Wissen-) Sun- day, Monday, &c. wisp. See wiesp. wit, sense, knowledge, understand- ing, mental ability. [OE. wif, knowledge, sense.] E.g. (1) ' Au'v muer wi? ner te tell yo ol 'et au no." (2) 'Thae'z nue wit, mun, er els tha'd e ten (have taken) t' job wol thae'd th' chons.' (3) thae're reit deget-wit, 'et ken du nout th' reit rued (way)" (4) to bout 01 them thingz for ; thae'z muer brass ner wiz. wit, wiet (older form), ad., wet, moist, rainy. See wiet. witin, wietin, wetting ; stale urine, which was formerly much used for wetting and scouring cloth in the process of manufacture. [OE. waxtan, to moisten.) wither, w.v6., to throw forcibly at or

FHudderspeld Dialect

wohil

against ; to hurl at. [prob. OE. witherian, to be against, oppose, from OE. wither (prep.), against, opposite.] E.g. 'Th' meéester wer sue maxed xt im duin that, wol i seemd up e buerd en' witZerd it im.' withi, a withy or willow-tree. [OE. withig, a willow.] wittl, thwittl, a knife: generally a long one. See twittl. wittl, twittl, to whittle, to cut ; also to sharpen a knife. E.g. a boy witftles a stick; a butcher twittles or wittles his knife. wiu (1), a whew, a whistling noise. [Imitative word.] wiu (2), weu, w.vo., to whew or throw quickly. See weu. wizn. See wiegn. wo, interj., whoa! stop! See wa (2). wod, would. See will. wof, wuef, adj., tasteless, weak, bad. [Origin uncertain ; perh. OE. wa/lZ, a sickly taste or OE. woh, weohk, deviating, wrong, de- ceitful, depraved.] woh, wof, wof, wuef (late form), a measure of about ten feet as applied to a warp in its preparation for the loom. [prob. OE. woh, a bending, turning, fold ; also an error, wrong, &c.] The name, a very old one among hand- loom weavers, has very probably arisen from the manner in which a warp was prepared on a warping-frame. - This frame, in its old form, was a rectangular upright structure of wood, about 10 ft. wide, having long pegs inserted down each side some inches apart. The warp- yarn was wound (from 'coppins' or ' over the pegs alternately across the width of the frame from top to bottom and back again, until the allotted coppins were emptied. 'The warp thus prepared lay across the frame in folds, each of which was called a woh by the old weavers; modern wof or wuef. An old weaver, asked how much he had woven that day, would say : ¢ Au'v wovyn e woh," or, so many ' wohs '. wohil, wuhil (a word now only found

ege, pear; ei, reign ; eu = ie, pier; iu, few ; oe, boar; oi, boil ; ou = o + u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

Page 182

wok

in the obsolescent phrase next be- low), a little bend or turn, a slight error or deviation from the straight. [prob. OE. w0%A + el (dimin.).] keter-e-wohil (-wuhil), ad;. pAr., slightly deviating sideways, crook- ed, askew, awry. (Obsolescent.) See kéter. [Cp. OE. on wok = wrongly. - Thus g wpokil = slightly wrongly.] wok, w.vo., to walk. [ME. walken; OE. wealcan, to roll, turn, roam about.] woker, a walker. In medieval times the name was used especially to denote a workman who trampled on cloth steeped in water to full or thicken it:; a kind of fuller. The word in this sense now survives only as a very common family name-Walker. [Cp. OE. wea/- cere, a fuller.]

Note. A medieval writer, Langland, says : Clooth that cometh fro the wevying is noght comly to were, Till it be fulled under foot, or in fullyng stobbes. Piers Plowman, \. 10, 587,

wol, a wall. [OE. wee/l, from Lat. vallum, a wol, while, until. See waul. wol; wuel, uel (older forms), whole, entire, unbroken. [OE. 2@/, whole, hale, healthy, sound.] wolsum ; wuelsum, uelsum, eZ;., wholesome.

Query : Is the w in whole a silent remnant of an older general pro- nunciation-A#el, which became Awag/, >Ahuwpol>(w)hol ? wolt, w.vd., to tilt, turn over, roll sideways like a boat on water. [ME. walten ; OE. waelitan, weal- tian, to roll, be unsteady.] In very common use; e.g. (1) 'Th' kart ren up t' rued-saud, en' wao/fed reit ovver.' (2) ' t' bukkit steddj, er els thae'll wold t' water wom ; wuem, uem (older forms), a home, house. [OE. 2@#z, a farm- stead, house, village.]

Huddersfield Dialect

worsit

Note. It is in the sense of village, town, that 2am: still survives in place-names, as Bisp-ham, Chat-ham, Frods-ham, Mas-ham, Melt-ham, Streat-ham, &c.; and in every case -Zan is and should be distinctly and separately pronounced.

womli ; wuemli, uem{1i, ad;., homely. womsted ; uemsted, a homestead. won ; uen, a@d7. and prox., one. [OE. adn, one.] Note. The older pronunciation uen is still found in the phrase (th' t'zes en' th' t'uther' (= the one and the other); also in elugn, alone.

wonli ; uenli, lonely (= only). ?OE. an+lic, like.} E.g. 'TH oud lzess ez vaerri worl? sin' er tu childer'z getto wed.' wop, hope. See uep. wop, w.vb., to move quickly, to beat, &c. See wap. wor, emphatic form of vd. wer, were. See wor. E.g. 'Au wer thier efuer thi!l' 'Ah, the wor; bet wi wer thier suin et-zfter, worn't wi?' yq worem, a worm. [OE. wyr», a reptile, a creeping thing.] blaund-worem, a blind-worm, -really a harmless kind of snake, now extinct, or nearly so, in this district. work, w.vd., to work, to toil, trouble ; to ferment (of beer). [OE. weore, work, action. See wark (1) and Note.] E.g. (1) ' Er te workin nee, Ned ?' 'Ah, au'v gettn sum wark et th' miln egien ; but au'm nobbet workin of-taum yet.' (2) * Au'm fled mi el (ale) 'z been te bi puer suppin this taum ¢ briu-in (of brewing) ; th' gaelker wzn't work? se will sumee (so well somehow) : au'v e lot e wark wi' it.' Worsil, Wortsil, a hill behind Pole Moor in Scammonden. [prob. OE. wyrts, herbs, ® worts' + Az//.] It is a fact that this hill, especially its south side, used to be well known to people far and wide as a gathering- ground for various medicinal herbs.

worsit, worsted. See warsit.

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate ; e, pen ; e, her ; 1, see; i, bit ; 6, note; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; gu = &+ u;

152

Page 183

wort

wort, a plant, herb, e.g. fig-wort, liver-wort, &c. [OE. wy»z, plant.] worts, the risings or yeast of beer in process of brewing. [Cp. ON. virtr, new beer.] -worth, a frequent termination of place- and sur-names, local and otherwise, as Butterworth, Cart- worth, Haworth, Hepworth, Hol- lin(g)worth, Illingworth, &c. [OE. weorth, land, a farm, an estate, &c.] wot; wuet, uet, ad;., hot. [ME. Root, or hot ; OE. hat, hot.] wotil, a round, pointed iron rod with which, when well heated, holes are bored in wood. [OE. Zaz. hot + el (instrumental).] wots, oats. See uets. wovyn, p.p., woven. See weiv. wue. See ue. wued, woad, blue dye. See wad (3). wuef (1), tasteless, weak. See wof. wuef (2), wuf, uf, u, a wolf. Found now chiefly in place- and sur- names. See E. g. Woffen- den, still often pronounced ° Wuef- fenden ' (= wolves' valley ?). wuef (3). See woh. wuek, wek,p/./., woke. See wk (3). wue, wuel, wuem, wuen, wuep, wues, wuet. For these see ue, uel, uem, uen (2), uep, ues, uet (1), and the zofe following uet (1). wuer (1), $.¢., wore. See weer. wuer (2), uer, a whore, harlot. [ME. hure, hore; OE. hore; ON. hora.] wuev, p./., wool. See weiv. wuez, ues, whose. [OE. 2Awaes.] wuhil, a little bend or turn. See wohil, woh. wil, ul, wool. [ME. woile; OE. wull ; cp. ON. u/l.] wulzi, a@7;., woollen. As a zoun, = short for linsey-woolsey, a rough cloth made of linen and wool mixed. wun (1), $.p., won. See win. wun (2), wound, turned. See wind (2), waund (2). wunte, wunti, a pack-girth wound round the body of a pack-horse to hold the load in place. [Same as wanter and waenti, which see.]

Huddersfield Dialect

yarb

wuther, w v., to rush violently (E.) ; to whirl, to throw against with force. [prob. another form of wither, which see.] wuzz, a whizzing sound, a whiz. [Imitative word.] wuzzer, a whizzer; any mechanical device which, by whirling rapidly, makes a whizzing sound : especially the machine used in mills for ex- tracting liquids from textiles during manufacture by rapid revolutionary motion.

Y, y

Prefatory note. The dialect initial y in nearly all instances is derived from one or other of the following : I. OE. (or later) initial 2, é, or ¢; 2. OE, initial g; 3. OE. initial 2; 4, ON. initial 7.

Yak, w.vo., to throw down, give up. See jk. yssemdi (obsolete), eemni, yeemni, num. ad., how many. [OE. A#, how + manig.] ysemmer, w.v6., to clamour, howl, yell. [prob. Scand.; cp. O.Icel. jarma, to yell ; also cp. OE. géom»- rian, to grieve, bewail.) E.g. ' Draet thiz wit dez (wet days) ! ler au zn wi' mi weshin of dun, en' six wik childer lekin i' th' ees en' ysemmerin \auk e e eend dogz 1' untin. Nee wet wod y5 du, meéester ?' yank, w.vo., to snatch, jerk, pull. [Origin uncertain ; cp. yark, jork.] E. g, ' I (he) ysenét (or yark?) t ruep eet e mi endz, en' swuer xt mi in iz temper.' yep, w.v6., to yap, bark, yelp. [Imi- tative origin ; cp. ON. jappa, gyal- pa, to yelp; also Fr. yapper, to yap.] yar, yeer, Zemonst. prox., our, of us ; yars, yeers, ours. [OE. #ze, our, of us.] Cp. the Possessive pronoun uz (1). y&rb, yeerb, yerb, a herb, plant. [ME. Zerbe ; Fr. herbe. (Lat.)]

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu = o+ u; ie, pier ; iu, few ; oe, boar ; oi, boil; ou = o + u; ue, poor ; ui, ruin; also dl for gl ; tl for cl.

$280

153 X

Page 184

yark

yark, yerk, w.v5., to jerk, snatch, pull., See jerk. yarken, arkn, w.v0., to harken, lis- ten. [ME. Zerken ; kherknen ; OE. hercnian, to listen to.] The word 'listen ' is never used in this dia- lect. yarn, yeern, yern, yarn, woollen thread. [ME. yars; OE. gearn, thread.] yart, yeert, old forms of art, eert, the heart. [OE. Zeorte; but cp. ON. 2zarta.) yé, adv., yea, yes. The word is not now used so much as formerly. [ME. ye; OE. gza, ged, yea. See yus.] E.g. 'The wien't gu wom yet, wi' te?' ' YZ (or au mun du.

Yebbl, the Hebble, a small stream running through the Fartown dis- trict of Huddersfield. - [Origin doubtful.] Y¥ebblethwet, Hebblethwaite, a W. Riding surname. Yebdin Brig, Hebden Bridge in Calder valley. yed, ied, head, top. [ME. keed, ; OE. kéafod.] yeddin, a heading. yedsten, yedstuen, a headstone. yee, ee, adv., how. [OE. 2#, how.] yeel, eel, yeul, w.v5., to howl. See youl. yeend, eend, a hound or dog, espe- cially a hunting-dog, which is or used to be usually known as 'e eend-dog' (accent on apg). [OE. hund, a dog.] yeer (1), our. See yar. yeer (2), eer, an hour. [ME. OFr. Hore. (Lat.)] E.g. 'Au'v bin wetin ier e yeger en' muer for thi te kum.' 'Oh well, au wer et mi wark en egr (or e #egr) sin.' yeerb, herb. See yarb. yeerd, a yard. See yerd (1), (2). yeerm, arm. See eerm. yees, house. See ees. E g. ' Gue inte t' yeges en' find mie seg (saw).' ' Bet au'v diz inte th' ees te luk, en' au kudn't faund won.' yeffer, iefer (rare now), effer, a hei-

Hudderspeld Dialect

yerd

fer. [ME. kayfare; OE. heahfore, heifer.] yeft, eft, a haft, handle. [prob. Scand.; cp. ON. hepti (pro- nounced 22/7?) ; Du. 26f?, a handle ; cp. OE. 2zeft.] yefti, efti, ad7., hefty, handy ; heavy, big. [Cp. OE. Zeffg ; heavy.] yéel, el, ale, beer. [OE. ea/z.] Yellend, Elland, between Hudders- field and Halifax. [prob. OE. 2a, running water, river + land.]

Note. Compare the name with the position of the old town.

yellep, yelp, w.v6., to yelp, cry out. [ME. yelpen, to boast ; cry shrilly ; OE. gie/pan, to boast, talk loudly ; cp. ON. g7aipa, to yelp.) yelk, yok, yuek, the yolk of an egg. [ME. yolke, yelke; OE. geoleca, lit., the yellow part. See yolle.] yem, em, a hem, border. [OE. Zem:.] yemlek, yemlok, the hemlock. See umlok. yep (1), igp,. (yiep?), a heap, pile, small mound. [ME. OE. heap, a heap, crowd.] yep (2), iep, (yiep ?), a hip, berry of the wild rose. [ME. OK. héope, a hip-berry.] E.g. an old saying uttered scornfully to any one proposing to do a thing dis- liked : 'Oh, thi gu bleg (go black- berrying) wol yeps ez raup.' yer (1), per. pro. unemph., your. See yoer. yerséln, yersélnz, yersén, yer- sénz, yourself, yourselves. Seeseln. yer (2), a year. [ME. yeer; OE. gear, ger, year.] yer (3), an ear. [ME. ere; OE.zZare, ear. yer (4), w.vd., to hear. [OE. kieran, Ayran, to hear.] yer-oil, ear-hole, the opening of the ear. yerb, yeerb, a herb. See yarb. yerd (1), yeerd (1), a yard, enclo- sure. [ME. yerd; OE. geard, an enclosed space.] Cp. garth. yerd (2), yeerd (2), a yard, a rod or other measure of 36 inches in

& as a in glad ; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate; e, pen ; e, her; 1, see; i, bit; 6, note ; 0, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ;

154

Page 185

yerd-stik

length. [ME. yerde; OE. gyrd, a rod, stick.] yerd-stik, yard-stick for measuring cloth, &c. yerl, (yierl?), an earl, a chief, a eader. Sometimes it is found lo- cally in use as a CAzris/#iax name; so also other titles-duke, captain, major, colonel. [OE. eor?, a chief, leader; cp. ON. jazZ.] yern (1), yeern, yarn. See yarn. yern (2), yiern, w.v5., to yearn, long for. [ME. yernen ; OE. geornian, giernan, to be desirous.] yernist, iernist, ernist, aa7., earn- est, sincere, eager ; also a frequent local Christian name. [OE. eornost.] Yernshe, Iernshe, Earnshaw, a family-name frequent in the West Riding. [prob. ME. Akeronmsewe ; OFr. Rerounceau, a young heron.] See Ernsho. yers, cers, iers, a hearse, a kind of frame for carrying coffins. [ME. herse; MFr. herce, a harrow.] yerth, ierth, earth, soil, ground. [ME. erfhe ; OE. eorthe ; cp. ON. jorth.] yest (1), yiest, yeast. [ME. yeesf, yest; OE. giest, yeast, froth ; cp. ON. jast.] yest (2), iest, #., the east. [ME. est; OE. Past.] Yester (1), Iester, Easter. Ester, Easter; OE.. Easter.] Yester (2), Hester, Esther, a Chris- tian name. yet, gat, a gate closing a gap ; also a road, path. See get (2) and (3). yet, iet, (yiet ?), heat. [ME. Zee; OE. Azetx, heat. Yetten, Yettn, (Yietn?), Heaton, a frequent proper name in the W. Riding. [prob. OE. Za, running water + /z#zx, a town, or settlement. Cp. Yellend.] yeul, w.v5., to howl. See youl. yield, ield, 11d, to yield, give in. [ME. yelden ; OFE. gieldan, to pay, give up; cp. ON. gjalda.] E.g. In a fight between two boys the one will go on fighting till the other cries ° Yield ' or ' ild '.

[ME.

Huddersfield Dialect

yonderli

See yest (1). [Fr. from Lat.] [ME. #se ; OFr. #s.

yiest. yiunien, union. yius, ius, use. (Lat.)] yiuth, a youth. [ME. youike; OE. geoguth, iuguth.] yiuz, to use. yo (emph.), yo, yg (unemph.), $e7. pro., you. [OE. gow, you.] yoer, yuer (emph.), yor, yer (un- emph.), your. [OE. zower, your.] yoerz, yuers, yours. yorsén, yorsénz. See seln, sen. yok (1), yuek (1), yolk of an egg. See yolk. yok (2), yuek (2), a yoke, a coupling. [ME. yok; OE. geoc, foc, a yoke for oxen.] yolle, adj., yellow. [ME. yelwe, yelu; OE. geolu, yellow.] yolle-sten or -stuen, olle-stuen, yellow-stone, a slab of soft clayey stone, with which many local house- wives still delight to 'yolle' their door-steps, window-sills, &c.,- partly because this keeps the stone from getting green with weather, and partly for decoration. yo m', a contraction of yo mun, you must. See mun. E.g. 'Ted en' Fxen, yp »? bueth stop et wom thre t' skiul te de ; au'st want yo te elp mi i' th'ees.' yo'n, yue'n, contractions of yo &'n, you have. See &'n. E.g. (1) 'Eh, fzether, au zm pliezd 'et yp's bout mi this present.! (2) ! nuen guen sue mich te elp uz gron- muther, nother on yo, for yo te tok te mi lauk that.' yon, yuen, w.v5., to yawn, gape. [ME. yonuian ; OE. geonian.] yond, demons. adj., yon, that, that yonder. [ME. yor; OE. geond, through, after, beyond.] _ E. g. ¢ Yond niu ors (horse) tha 'z bout 'z e regiler spzenker.' 'Ah, bet yord meer (mare) e thaun 'll tak sum bietin (beating)-imzeng meerz.' yonder, adv., yonder, over there. yonderli, yonderly, absent-looking, dreamy. - OE. lic, like.] E. g. ' Au duen't lauk t' luks e yar

eg, pear; ei, reign; qu = o+u; ig, pier; iu, few ; 0g, boar ; oi, boil; ou = o+ u; ug, poor ; ui, ruin; also dl for gl; tl for el.

155

Page 186

yor

Emma Jane e bit ; u sits en luks se yonderli-er if u wer thinkin muer ebeet next world ner this.' yor (1), yer (1), per. pro., your. See yoer. yo'r (2), ye'r (2), contraction of yor are. yo's, yo'st, contraction of yor shall. See 8', st'. youl, yeul, yeel, w.v5d., to howl, cry out. [ME. gow/er, youlen ; of imitative origin ; cp. ON. gosw/a, yla, to howl.] yould-ring, the gold-ring or yellow- hammer bird. yu, adv., yea, 'yus'. [ON. J#, 7a, Obsolescent ; but still to be heard in outlying places. E.g. Wife: to departing husband : 'The wien't bi bak te thi tig, au rekkn?' Answer: ' Yi (or yus) ; au s't bi baek ebeet four e' t' tlok.' See yus, and ye. yuek (1), the yolk of an egg. See yok (1). yuek (2), a yoke. See yok (2). yuen, w.v5., to yawn. See yon. yuer, your; yuers, yours. See yo. yus, yis, (older form), yes, yea. [ME. yis, y«s ; perh. from confusion of OE. gise, gese, yes, with ON. j#, yea. See yu.

Note. Yus, yu, and ye (yea) are some- times used affirmatively, simply, but

Huddersfield Dialect

yuster-

much oftener to affirm in opposition to a negation ; and ea(A) are always affirmative simply. E. g. (1) 'Er te been wom bi nee (so soon) ?' (or (eakh) au sem sue" (2) 'Thae'r nuen guin wom bi nee, siugrli?' © Yxs (or (y2) au zm, au'm taurd.' yuster-, adj. prefix, used with day and zight to denote the two chief divisions of the previous day ; thus yusterdi, yesterday before tea- time, yusternit, last night after tea-time. [ME. yesfer; OE. geos- tra, yester+adzxg, day, or+nikt, night.] Note that in denoting various parts of the Zay ' yusterdi' is used as an adjective, thus-yus- terdi moern, -nuin, -@fternuin, &c. ; but yusternit, and yuster- im, after tea-time. E.g. © Vuisterdi mogrnin, en ol t de thru, Sue swélterin wot wer t' wéther Woll au'd gin up bueth workin en' woppin, tegéther, (= ever) te end wat au'd séttn te du.' ' Bet yisternit, wol sittin thier I'th frant ¢' th' oppen winde, E wift e waund kim wa&fflin nier, En' wisperd-" Waekkn up, wi' thi! " Dun yo nod, au ruet " finis" te job e' wark " insaud ¢'_ nue taum "?-well, ommest.' [ July

& as a in glad; &, far; au, form ; 6, mate; e, pen; e, her ; 1, see; i, bit; 6, note; o, not ; 9, oil ; u, brute ; u, put ; su = &»+u; eg, pear; ei, reign ; ie, pier; iu, few ; og, boar; o1, boil ; ou = o +u ; ue, poor ; ui, ruin ; also dl for gl; tl for cl.

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APPENDIX

I. SUPPLEMENT OF ADDITIONAL WORDS OMITTED FROM THE GLOSSARY

Note that these are mostly connected with Farming and the land.

ZEttek, a hattock, a pile of corn- sheaves reared up to dry, with one or more arranged on top as a cover. [OE. Axift, a hat, cover; cp. ON. 201t, hattr, a hood, cover.]

Bleid, bled, a blade, knife. [ME. blad; OE. blzed, a leaf; blade of knife, &c. Cp. ON. d/atk.]

bleid-oil, a hole which in the old poverty-stricken days was sometimes made in the thin partition between two dwellings to enable the knife-as well as other utensils owned ix common by the poor dwellers-to be passed from one hut to the other without going outside. - The ' bleid-oilz' of the ¢ Burnt-Platters' (see Duediz below)

fering. They gradually became dis- persed however, their last hut being pulled down some sixty years ago. The origin of both strangers and nickname is uncertain. It seems prob- able, however, that it will be found in the retreat of the Zigh/ard army of Prince Charles Edward Stuart from Derby in 1745, and in King George II's proclamation then issued against the rebels. Most likely the original ® Burnt- Platters® were Highland stragglers from this army as it retreated north- wards through Lancashire. The local people, while tolerating them good- naturedly, with characteristic humour nicknamed them ¢ Dugediz', after King George's name on his wide-spread pro- clamations.

are still a topic of talk locally.

buk (2), buck, a prop or support. [prob. a variant form of butt (1) ; see Glossary.] buk-stik, buck-stick, a prop to support a cart-shaft in a horizontal position when the horse is withdrawn. When not in use the stick is fastened under and along the shaft.

butt (2), a tub; e.g. a for catching rain-water from a spout. [prob. OFr. doffe, a cask. (Lat.).]

Duediz [i.e. 'Georgies '; see Dued in Glossary), a well-known nickname given long ago to a small colony of © foreigners ', which during the period from about 1750 to 1860 dwelt in a few poor huts at Burnt Platt, on the south slope of Worsill (see Glossary) above Ainley Place. The strangers became known for miles around as singers of uncouth songs, and as pedlars of small- wares-combined with opportune pil-

Elm, helm, a cover, a farm-shed. [OE. Ze/m, a protection, &c.; ON. Ahjalmr.] et (1), Gloss. p. 30 : add Note:-In the dialect gt (= pro., and cong.) is always used for As a cong. it seems prob, that et is from the ON. con}j. af, that; and that its use as a >el. pro. is an imitation of its conjunctional use. - The dialect is always a demonstrative word : from either ON. or OE.

Fleik (2), a spade for flaking or paring turf and peat. [Scand., cp. ON. Zakna, flagna, to slice, &c.; Norwe. Zak, a slice.] fother-gmeng, a 'way' alongside a cow-stall to get to the crib or manger. [ON. #062», fodder + gang, a path.] frem, ad;., fram, deceptive in ap- pearance; of a beam, looking stronger than it is. [Prob. a variant

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frxemmil

form of Zam, deceptive, sham : it- self of uncertain origin.] fremmil, freml, a variant form of thrmmmil (which see below) due to the interchange of 22 and /. Gaumerz, gomerz, wooden frames placed upright at each end of a hay-cart to 'guard' the hay. [prob. Scand., cp. ON. gaum, care, guma, to take care.] Kafl, kvl, kevl, the of a bridle. [ME. Zevel, bridle-bit, gag; ON. kafti, keflui, a gag, &c.] kivver, a stook of ten corn-sheaves with one or more on top to cover them. Cp. &ttek above. [Origin uncertain; prob. a variant of ' from OFr. courir, to cover.] kollen-bob, or kollin-, a bush or cluster of heather the top of which has been burnt into a mass. [See bob, in G/ossary ; origin of kollen doubtful, prob. the 4.p. of to Zo//, to poll, shear, cut close, and con- nected with ON. 2o//z, a head, shaven crown.] kotter (2), w.vd., to tangle, become knotted. [from ME. and OFr.c¢of, a tuft of matted wool + instr. suff. er. (See N.E.D.)] E.g. said in shearing time: ' This flies (fleece) ez gettn ol Zoifterd tegether wi' muk en' braurz (briars).' kotter (3), w.vd., to ' clout ' or smack with the hand. E.g. 'Bi kwaut wi' thi, er au st' a' te Zoi/gr thi yer-oil for thi.' [perh. a variant form of to cotton = to beat, &c.; but origin uncertain.] Legp-oil, a loop-hole, an opening in a barn-wall for looking through or for ventilation. [/eop is prob. con- nected with MDu. to watch, peer. (N.E.D.)] luj, w.v6., to lodge, shelter ; to put down ; of standing corn-to beat down, lay flat by wind or rain. [ME. loggen ; OFr.logier,to lodge ; from Zoge, a hut, shelter, resting- place.] Miverli, ad;., meaverly, moderate, middling; rather slow. Obsole- scent except on the moor-sides. [prob. Scand.; cp. Olcel. mifkz, middle, mid + adj. suff. ly ;

Huddersfield Dialect

straunz

-but has ON. /Zxal » been retained in any other dialect word?] E.g. (1) said by an old lady to me not long ago :-'Au'm zerver/i con- siderin'miage.' (2) An old ' greet- ing' te Answer:-' Ah, just miverli; ee 'r tee? (Yes, just moderate; how art thou?)" (3) 'Wat élz (ails) t' kee? It woks miver/s.' Obblinz, hobblings, i.e. little hobs or lumps,-small heaps of spread hay, made hurriedly when rain threatens to spoil it. [cp. OFries. 20b4e, a tump of grass; Du. 2066e/, a knob.] ott, hott, a pannier, basket, hod. [ME. 2oite, OFr. kotte, a basket.] Rik, a rick or stack. [OE. Aryece, a rick. Cp. ON. Zrazxkr.]

Note that in this locality stack (ON. stakgr) is the older, and still commoner, word.

rikkl, a rickle, and rikklin, a rick. ling, are both names for small heaps of hay raked together to dry, pre- paratory to being ' cocked '. Settl-tri, settle-tree, another name for ' fall-tree'. See fol-triin G/os- sary. skel-buis(t), skell-boose, the parti- tion between cow-stalls. [prob. ON. skel, a shell, division + duis (g. v. in GZoss.] skil, skeel, a milk-pail. [ON. 524/072, a tub, pail.] skuttil, a scuttle, a shallow basket or other ' container ' for flour, meal, coals, &c. [ON. séx#i/l; cp. OE.. scutel, a dish. (Lat.)] slauper, sliper, an old word for ' plasterer'. - [Origin - uncertain. Cp. OE. s/iepa, slyppe, paste, slime, &c.; and see N.E.D. under s/ige.] somber, aed;., sombre, gloomy. [Fr. sombre, gloomy.] E.g.:-' It's iz trubblez et's med im luk sue somber. stilts, props, supports; the handles of a plough. [ME. Scan., cp. Dan. siy/te, Swe. siy/ta, a prop, straunz, strines, the shafts of a wheel-barrow. [Origin uncertain.] strikkl, a strickle, an instrument, of wood covered with emery, or of

1 58

Page 189

stuk

smooth grit-stone, with which to whet a scythe by 'streaking' the edge on alternate sides. [ME. strikile, a strickle; from OE. strican, to stroke, rub, to ' sitrigk' (q. v. Gloss.).] stuk, a stook, a pile of corn-sheaves. [ME. stouk, stuke, pile of sheaves. Origin uncertain. See N.E.D.] swippil, swippl, swipple, the flat, striking part of a flail. [OE. swipé, or ON. svipr, a whip + el, instr. suff.] Thremmil, threml, or fremmil (q. v. above), a trammel or hind- rance; a rope or chain with a ring

Additional Words

wether

at the end to fasten (trammel) a cow in its stall, [ME. Zyamaile; MFr. tramail, a net, &c.] threv, a thrave, a stook of twelve or twenty-four corn-sheaves. [ME. thrave, threve, a bundle, number ; ON. iAkrefi, a bundle, &c.] Wau, a wye, a young female calf. [ME. cwie; ON. Zkviga, a heifer.]

| wéni, ad7., waney, waning, having a

tapering side,-said of a board which narrows on one side only. [ME. war; OE. war, wanting, deficient ; wariax, to diminish.] wether, a castrated ram. [ON. vethr ; or OE. wether.

159

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H udderspeld Dialect Pronunciation

II. LIST OF MODERN ENGLISH WORDS

as pronounced in the Dialect of the Muddersfield District, etymologies being omitted.

ZB &, &, Au. ZEdavaus advice, advertisement, sktli, skehelli actually, selto alto, spnin happening, sppitaut appetite, sesfelt ashphalt, arsten hearthstone, &ul aisle, aulend island, aur hire, aurinz hirings, Aurlend Ireland, aurs horse.

Bsmbuizl bamboozle, bseptauz baptize, beend to bound, beendri bound- ary, beenti bounty, beerk bark, beerter barter, bich, biech beech-tree, biek beak, bif, bief beef, bigl, biegl a beagle, bizem, biezm besom, bleem, blum, blou a flower-bloom, bleim, blem blame, bléz blaze, blot, bluet bloat, blueter bloater, bliuimin blooming, boern, buern born, and borne, bold bald, bould bold, brmeggerd braggart, brsekkin bracken, braudl bridle, bredth, briedth breadth, brenz brains, bruech, broich to broach, open, brum broom, buest boast, buist to boost, bukkit bucket, biulder boulder, bundil bundle, bushil bushel, buzem bosom.

CH. Chmeppil chapel, chmstauz to chastise, chmstauzment chastisement, chaum chime, cherrep, chorrep, chorp to chirp, chief chief, chiest chaste, chik, chiek cheek, a 'tortoise-shell' cat, chiz, chiez cheese, chorn churn.

D. Dark dark, darlin darling, dart, deert dart, dauper diaper, daut diet, dé-lit daylight, deedi dowdy, deen-reit (or rit) down-right, del dale, dénti dainty, dignifaud dignified, disaud decide, diskrét diskriet discreet, disét, disiet deceit, disév, disiev deceive, digjest digest, disjes-shen digestion, displiez displease, dispuesz dispose, ditarmin determine, diuti duty, divaud divide, dizary deserve, dizaun design, dizaur desire, dlueri glory, dog dog, dongké donkey, douter daughter, drippin dripping, dudz clothes, duel dole, dugep dope, dum dumb, dup to let fall, to dump down, dwarf, dweerf dwarf, dwinl dwindle.

Ebaud abide, eblij oblige, efuerd afford, egue ago, aj age, ekeent account, ekeentent accountant, ekuerd accord, elbou elbow, elee, lee allow, eleed aloud, egleens, leens allowance, eleerm, leerm alarm, emeent amount, eneens announce, epeert apart, epeertments apartments, epiel, piel appeal, pigelin-dé appealing-day, eplau apply, eplod, eplued applaud, erauy arrive, erauz arise, greend around, ereez arouse, griest arrest, erugez arose, esaud aside, esaun assign, qspaur aspire, estor astir, explued explode, expues expose. F. falter, felle fallow, Febriugrri February, fed fade, feentin fountain, feermer farmer, feern fern, Feernli Farnley, fék fake, trick, feéler failure, fént, feint faint, fergettn forgotten, ferluern forlorn, fiuil fuel, fiuter future, flegender flounder, fleet flout, folt fault, for-mend, fuer-snd

160

Page 191

of Modern English Words

beforehand, forbuedin forboding, forr fur, forr-tri fir-tree, forrin, forrin foreign, forten, forchen fortune, for-yed forehead, Fraudi Friday, freen frown, freil frail, feeble, frigk freak, frod, fruged fraud, frump (1) sudden temper, (2) dowdy person, fuerd ford, fuergue, fergue forego, fuer-s1, fersi foresee, fuertifau, fortifau fortify.

G. Gegj gouge, gordl girdle, goz, gues gauze, grmevvil gravel, greel growl, grief grief, griev grieve, gruj grudge, grum groom, gulp, gup gulp. I. Ieger eager, iegl eagle, iekwel equal, iethen heathen, il heel, injon engine, inj hinge, inkries increase.

J. Jeniugrri January, jilli jelly, Jiun June, jius juice, join, juin join, jollep jalap, jorni journey, Josh, Joss, Joszi Joshua, juek joke, jumml, jubbl jumble, jungshen junction, justifau justify.

K. Kaut kite, keerd coward, keekumber cucumber, keerkes, karkes carcase, body, ken cane, kes case, keshen, kezhen occasion, kier, keer care, kiuger cure, koin, kuin coin, kqorb curb, kommikl comical, queer- tempered, krmmpit crumpet, Kraust, Krauist Christ, krinlin crinoline, kriu a crew, kriuil cruel, kriut to recruit, recover health, krois (old form) cross, krust crust, kubberd cupboard, kuk cook, kwizzikl comical, queer- tempered.

XL.. Lsether (1) ladder, (2) lather, foam, lsnloerd landlord, lauf life, laun line, ledi lady, ledl ladle, legeregem alarum, legel, liegl legal, lem lame, lettis lettuce, lignient, lenient lenient, litnin lightning, lueth loath.

Msenifskter manufacture, msng-gl mangle, mauzer miser, meentin mountain, meerch march, mezzer measure, ming-gl mingle, mischons mischance, misforten, -forchen misfortune, misdeet to doubt, mistzk mistake, mizzle-tue mistletoe, molt malt, molster maltster, mortifau vex, feel shame, muemint moment, mueshen motion, mueter motor, muéetiv motive, muist moist, muister moisture, Mundi Monday, mung-gril mongrel. N. Nmg nag, pony, nékker horse-slaughterer, n&tterel natural, neen a noun, neens an ounce, nei to neigh, neil nail, nests nests, neéter nature, nettl vex, irritate, netueries notorious, nid, nied need, nimml nimble, nippl nipple, nit-meer night-mare, noig, nuiz noise, nors nurse, norrish nourish, nueshen notion, nueted noted, nuetifau notify, nuetis notice, num, lum (old form) numb, nuvvis novice, nuvvl novel.

O. Obst&k1l obstacle, ok hawk (bird), ok, uek to hawk, sell, olt halt, onnist honest, op hop, oppl to hopple (sheep, &c.), ossler hostler, Ouin Owen (surname).

P. Psp pap, pester pasture, psesti pasty, paup pipe, peersil parcel, peich peach, pel pale, pein, pen pain, peint, pent paint, piel peal, ring, piel to appeal, pim-ruez primrose, piu pew, piuer pure, plaursz pliers, pincers, plézer, plezzer, pliezer pleasure, pluever plover, po, pug paw, pon puen $280 I6I y

Page 192

Pronunciation of Modern English Words

to pawn, poz, puez pause, pouch, puech to poach, praum prime, prausz (1) a prize, (2) to prise, prei, pré pray, prepuershen proportion, prepues propose, prig to steal, puddin pudding, pueker poker, puershen portion, puerter porter, puidl poodle (dog), pusszil puzzle. R. Rauet riot, raund rind, raus rice, reddish radish, reil rél rail, ras race, rez raise, rézin raisin (fruit), riem ream (paper), rieth wreath, rifiugl refusal, rijéster register, rikuvver recover, rikwaur require, rilau rely, rilief relief, rilies release, rimaund remind, riplau reply, ripuert report, ripuez repose, riséet receipt, resiev receive, riud rude, riuin ruin, riuler ruler, rizeend resound, rou to row (boat), rueb robe, ruem roam, ruen roan, rug rug, rupter rupture, ruissl, russl rustle.

S. Esetisfau satisfy, saudl to sidle, sauens science, saufen siphon, saulens silence, saur sire, father, sef safe, sem same, sein sane, sereend surround, series (old form) serious, Setterdi Saturday, shift, shimmi chemise, signifau signify, skeendril scoundrel, skeerf scarf, skeerlit scarlet, skeet scout, skold, skoud, skeeld, skeel to scald, skoud to scold, reprove, skuep (1) scoop, (2) scope, skuern scorn, skwaur squire, sliet sleet, slaud slide, sleech slouch, slouter slaughter, slot-oil slot- or bolt-hole, sma&ul smile, sniek sneak, steal, snuer snore, solt salt, sqpngster songster, sqrep syrup, sorfis surface, sqorpraus, sepraus surprise, spauk spike, spatr spire, sped spade, spectacles (glasses), spon spawn, steet stout, staurm storm, stein stain, stok stalk, stou to stow, streu to strew, stueker stoker, stuer store, stueri story, stuet stoat, subskraub subscribe, suede stoda, sugles solace, suglug, suelo solo, sueshel social, suil, soil earth, sun (1) sun, (2) son, sunshaun sunshine, suplau supply, supues, sepues suppose, sw&mp swamp, swan swan, swarri, sworri a soirée. T. Tentemeent tantamount, t&ttl tattle, gossip, hence tea and tea-time, tautl, tauitl title, teet tout, tep tape, test taste, thiem theme, thoern, thuern thorn, Thorsdi Thursday, thru through, tippit tippet, Tiusdi Tuesday, tl&etter clatter, tleim, tlem claim, tlugek cloak, torn-pauk turn- pike (road), traufl trifle, treet trout, trei a tray, trein train, treit, triet to treat, treiter traitor, treizen, triezn treason, troul to troll, sing, truevy treasure-trove, truk dealings, intercourse, trundl to trundle, roll, tugekn token, tuetl total, tusk a front tooth, twaddl twaddle. U. Ueker, oker hawker, ueshen ocean, uest host, ugli ugly, uit to hoot, uiter hooter, umbl humble, ump hump, unfeer unfair, unlog to make loose, upperdz upwards, up-saud-deen upside-down, uzbend husband. V. vagabond, vaekent vacant, value, vantij advantage, vast, great, vartiu virtue, nature, strength, vaun vine, vejitubl vegetable, vekl, veikl vehicle. W. Waeggin wagon, waellep wallop, wander wander, to wrangle, quarrel, cheat, want want, weerf wharf, warn, weern warn, wart, weert wart, Wednzdi, Wenzdi Wednesday, weit weight, wel, wiel weal, mark, west, weist waste, wet wait, widde widow, wiez wheeze, wummen woman (P/#zr. wimmin women).

onrrg yarrow (herb), you yew-tree, yeu, eu to hew, yeuer, euer a hewer. 162

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LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS

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List of Subscribers

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List of Subscribers

F. Jordinson, Esq., Tech. College, Huddersfield. Sir H. Gordon Kaye, Edgerton, Huddersfield. T. Herbert Kaye, Esq. (10 copies), Edgerton, Huddersfield. S. Kenworthy, Esq., West Hill, Huddersfield. R. Lacy, Esq. (3 copies), Birkby, Huddersfield. T. H. Lawe, Esq. (3 copies), County Hall, Wakefield. F. Lawton, Esq., Skelmanthorpe. Leeds Public Library. Leeds University Library. London University Library, South Kensington. Fred Longbottom, Esq., Gledholt, Huddersfield. Albert Lunn, Esq., Edgerton, Huddersfield. Thos. Lunn, Esq., Marsden. H. Mallinson, Esq., Loughborough. Manchester Reference Library. Manchester, Victoria University (2 copies). R. Metcalfe, Esq., Hillhouse, Huddersfield. Alderman R. Mitchell, Fenay Bridge. Sidney Moore, Esq., Pymble, N.S.W., Australia. Professor G. C. Moore-Smith, The University, Sheffield. Morley Public Library. Arthur Netherwood, Esq., Almondbury, Huddersfield. Miss M. O'May, Meltham. W. H. Ostler, Esq., Education Office, Halifax. Miss H. £. Overbury, County Hall, Wakefield. W. Pell, Esq. (4 copies), Huddersfield. Major W. Pollock, Almondbury, Huddersfield. S. Procter, Esq., Town Hall, Huddersfield. J. F. Pyrah, Esq., Edgerton, Huddersfield. County Councillor J. S. Quarmby, Meltham. Miss G. F. Richardson (6 copies), Huddersfield. J. W. Richardson, Esq., Harrogate. B. Riley, Esq., M.P., Lindley, Huddersfield. J. W. Roberts, Esq., Slaith waite. H. B. Rowbottom, Esq., Honley. G. Rushworth, Esq. (6 copies), Huddersfield. F. Russell, Esq., Marsden. A. E. Ruston, Esq., Birkby, Huddersfield. James Scholefield, Esq., Kirkburton. W. Scholes, Esq., Almondbury, Huddersfield. Councillor Walter Scott, Lockwood, Huddersfield. W. A. Scott, Esq., Birkby, Huddersfield. W. R. Senior, Esq., Almondbury, Huddersfield. Miss A. Shaw, Almondbury, Huddersfield. Alderman W. H. Shaw (6 copies), Dewsbury. Charles Shaw, Esq., West Hill, Huddersfield. John H. Shaw, Esq., Montreal, Canada. Sheffield Public Library. Sheffield Reference Library. W. H. Sikes, Esq., Almondbury, Huddersfield. Councillor Thos. Smailes (6 copies), Lockwood, Huddersfield. A. H. Smith, Esq., The University, Leeds. S. H. Stelfox, Esq., Roundhay, Leeds. Councillor A. Sutcliffe, Lockwood, Huddersfield.

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Councillor Arthur Sykes, Birkby, Huddersfield. A. W. Sykes, Esq., Almondbury, Huddersfield. Edgar Sykes, Esq., Golcar. Humphrey F. Sykes, Esq., Almondbury, Huddersfield, John Sykes, Esq., Market Place, Huddersfield. Arthur Tabrum, Esq., Sheepridge, Huddersfield. Frank Tabrum, Esq., Rawdon, Leeds. Ernest Taylor, Esq., Fartown, Huddersfield. F. W. Taylor, Esq., Almondbury, Huddersfield. G. Taylor, Esq., The University, Leeds. G. E. Taylor, Esq., Elland. L. G. Thornber, Esq., Education Office, Huddersfield. Thomas Thorp, Esq., Shelley. Harold Thorpe, Esq., Huddersfield. A. R. Tindall, Esq., Tech. College, Bradford. Professor J. R. R. Tolkien, Oxford University. Alderman Ben Turner, Batley. Wakefield Public Library. L. Walker, Esq. (2 copies), Britannia Buildings, Huddersfield. C. H. Ward, Esq., Tech. College, Huddersfield. Alfred Wareing, Esq., Theatre Royal, Huddersfield. Charles Wheawill, Esq., Birkby, Huddersfield. H. Whitehead, Esq., Marsden. J. T. Whiteley, Esq., Cheltenham. Miss Mabel Whitwam (3 copies), Golcar. H. Wilkinson, Esq. (5 copies), Tech. College, Huddersfield. Miss M. M. Wilson, County Hall, Wakefield. E, Wilton, Esq. (10 copies), Marsh, Huddersfield. J. R. Witty, Esq., Pudsey. H. V. Wood, Esq., Edgerton, Huddersfield. A. L. Woodhead, Esq., Tae Examiner Office, Huddersfield. E. Woodhead, Esq. (4 copies), Tie Examiner Office, Huddersfield. Dr. T. W. Woodhead (10 copies), Tech. College, Huddersfield. Professor J. N. Wright, Oxford. F. Wrigley, Esq. (2 copies), Almondbury, Huddersfield.

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